Pakht and Bast: a goddess of two forms, lioness-headed or cat-headed. At Memphis Pakht was worshipped as wife of Phtha; at Bubastis, Bast was adored as daughter of Isis. Nefer Atum: worshipped at Heliopolis
as the son of Phtha. Like Osiris (see below) he is the sun of the under- world.
Seb: the father of the Osirian gods. He is the god of earth and its vegeta- tion; represented as a man with the head of a goose; he corresponds with the Greek Cronus; his consort was Nut.
Nut: wife of Seb, mother of the Osirian gods; the vault of heaven; she may be likened to the Greek Rhea. Osiris, or Hesiri: the good principle. Identified with the vivifying power of the sun, and of the waters of the Nile. In general, the most human and most beneficent of the Egyptian deities. He is the son of Seb (or, according to some, of Neph, Chnuphis). He may be likened to the Greek Apollo, as a representative of spiritual light; to Dionysus in his vivifying function. He wages war with his brother Seth (Set), the principle of Evil, but is vanquished by him, boxed in a chest, drowned, and finally cut into small pieces. His sister-wife Isis recovers all but one piece of the body of O., and buries them. He becomes protector of the shades, judge of the underworld, the sun of the night, the tutelary deity of the Egyptians. He is avenged by his son Horus, who, with the aid of Thoth (reason) temporarily overcomes Seth. The myth may refer to the daily strug- gle of the sun with darkness, and also to the unending strife of good with evil, the course of human life, and of the life after death. O. is represented as a mummy crowned with the Egyp- tian mitre.
I'sis, or Hes: the wife and feminine counterpart of Osiris. Represented as a woman crowned with sun's disk or
cow's horns, bearing also upon her head her emblem, the throne. Ho'rus, or Har: son of Osiris and Isis, who, as the strong young sun of the day, avenges his father, the sun of the underworld. He is Horus the child, Horus the elder (as taking the place of his father on earth), or sometimes Horus Harpocrates, the god of silence. As the latter, he holds a finger to his lips. He may be compared with the Greek Apollo. Harpoc'ra-tes: see Horus. Ha'thor, or Athor: a goddess often identified with Isis. She had the head of a cow and wears the sun's disk, and plumes. Her name means "Home of Horus." She has characteristics of the Greek Aphrodite.
Seth, or Set: the principle of physical, and later of moral, darkness and evil. He is the opponent of his brother, or father, Osiris. Represented as a mon- ster with ass's body, jackal's ears and snout, and the tail of a lion.
Nephthys: a goddess of the dead; the sister of Isis, and wife of Seth. She aided Isis to recover the drowned Osiris.
A'pis: the sacred bull, into which the life of Osiris was supposed to have passed. The name also indicates the Nile. The bull Apis must have cer- tain distinguishing marks; he was treated like a god; and on his death (he was drowned at twenty-five years of age) the land went into mourning until his successor was found. He was worshipped with pomp in Memphis. See Serapis.
Sera'pis (or Ser'apis; cf. Milton, P. L. 1: 720) as Apis represents the living
Osiris, so S. the Osiris who had passed into the underworld.
Ra: originally the deity of the physical attributes of the sun; but ultimately the representative of supreme godhead. Worshipped through all Egypt, and associated with other gods who are then manifestations of his various at-
the ostrich feather which signifies truth. She is the wife of Thoth. Thoth the chief moon-god; character- ized by his wisdom, and his patronage
of letters. Husband of Ma-t. Anubis: son of Osiris. Guide of ghosts. Eileithy'ia (Ilithy' ia), the name of a goddess, or of goddesses, of childbirth; later identified with Diana; Com. § 39.
Shu: the solar light; son of Ra, Mentu, Elec'tra, (1) a Pleiad, 147, 148; Com. or Atmu.
2. Ammon, or Amen: "the hidden," a de- ity of the Egyptian Thebes; generally associated in attributes with some other god. As Amen-Ra he is the king of Theban gods, the divinity of the sun. He is of human form; rarely with a goat's head as represented by the Greeks. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus. As Amen-Khem he is the god of productivity, and is represented with a flail in his hand. His consort is Mut, or Maut, and their son is Khuns. Mut, or Maut: the mother; the Theban goddess of womanhood, wife of Amen- Ra. She corresponds to the Greek
Demeter. Khuns: son of Ammon and Maut; a divinity of the moon. He is some- times hawk-headed; generally invested with the disk and crescent of the
Neph, Chnuphis, Khnum, Num, or Nu: the soul of the universe; the word or will of Ammon-Ra; the creator. Rep- resented with the head of a ram. Khem, Chem (cf. Milton's Cham), called also Min: the energizing principle of physical life. Associated with both Ammon and Osiris. His counterpart in classical mythology is Pan, or, as god of gardens, Priapus. Neith: goddess of the upper heaven; self-produced; mother of the sun; goddess, consequently, of wisdom, the arts of peace and of war. Likened by the Greeks to Athena. Worshipped in Lower Egypt as a woman in form, with bow and arrows in her hand. Ma-t: goddess of truth; her emblem
§§ 91, 132 (5), 165 (5), geneal. tables; (2) daughter of Agamemnon, 310; Com. §§ 165 (2), 170. Elec'tryon, 231, 234. Elegiac poets of Rome, 29. Eleusin'ia, Eleusinian mysteries; Eleu- sis, 23, 182, 184; Com. §§ 105, 106. Eleu'sis; see above. Eleu'tho; see Eileithyia. Elfheim, 369, 387, 388. Elgin marbles, Com. § 35. E'lis, 190, et passim; Com. § 88. Elli, 377-379.
Elves, 369, 387; Com. §§ 177–184. Elvidnir, 370. Elys'ium, Elysian Plain, 75; description of E. Fields, 81, 82; Andrew Lang's Fortunate Islands, 82, 348-352; Com. § 48.
Ema'thia: Thessaly, or Pharsalia. Embla, 367.
Encel'adus, a Giant, 42.
Enche'lians, the country of, 117; Com. § 70.
Endym'ion, 2, 142; myth of, 149, 150, 250; Com. § 92; genealogy, §§ 132 (3), 132 (5), 148.
Eni'peus, 190; Com. § 109. En'na, 144, 182; Com. § 88. Enya'lius: the horrible, the warlike; an epithet for Mars.
Eny'o, mother, daughter, sister, or wife of Mars; the horror, 58; also one of the three Grææ.
E'os, 73; see Aurora. Epe'üs: the artificer of the Wooden Horse.
Ep aphus, 224; Com. § 75. Eph'esus, Diana of, Com. § 39; Venus of, Com. § 40.
E-phial'tes, 120; Com. § 21.
Epics; see under Homer, Vergil, Võl- Eumen'i-des, 264; Com. § 51; see Furies. sunga-Saga, Nibelungenlied, Mahâb-| hârata, Râmâyana. Ep-idau'rus, 260. Epig'oni, 276.
Ep-imen'i-des: a Cretan herdsman who awoke from a sleep of 57 years to find himself endowed with gifts of prophecy, purification, and priestcraft.
Ep-ime'theus, 43; marries Pandora, 45; Com. §§ 22-25.
Er'ato, the Muse of love poetry, 72. Er'ebus, 37, 38, 183, 267, 355; Com. §§ 17, 51, 94.
E-rech'theus (trisyl.), 258; Com. § 151. Er-ichtho'nius (1), 224; descendants of, 258-268; Theseus, 259; Theseus and Ariadne, 260-266; Theseus and Ama- zons, and Pirithous, 267; Phædra and Hippolytus, 268; Com. §§ 132 (4), 151. Er-ichtho'nius (2), son of Dardanus, and fourth king of Troy ; § 165 (5).
E-rid'anus, Com. § 75.
E-ri'nys, E-rin'y-es; see Furies. Er-iphy'le, 273, 274; Com. § 70. E'ris, 73; (Discors) see Discord. E'ros, 37, 38; Com. § 17; see under Cupid.
Er-yci'na: Venus, to whom Mount Eryx and the city of that name, with its tem- ple of Venus, were sacred, 263; Com.
§ 40. Er-yman'thus, Mount, 143; Erymanth. Boar, 235; Com. §§ 88, 139-143 (In- terp.).
Er-ysich'thon, myth of, 209. Er-ythe'a, island of, 237.
Er-ythe'is, one of the Hesperides.
E'ryx, Mount, 66, 181; Com. § 105, 106. Eskimos, 21.
Ete'o-cles, 272-274; Com. §§ 158-164. Etruscans, 90, 359.
Etzel, "Lament over the Heroes of," 33; see under Attila.
Eumol'pus and Eumolpida; a Thracian singer and his descendants, priests of Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteries. Euphros'y-ne, one of the Graces, 71. Eurip'i-des, 27; references to, 136, 234, 269, 273, 274, 288, 308, 309, 310, 312; transl. Com. II.
Euro'pa, 92; myth of, 95-98; portrayed by Arachne, 111, 257; Com. § 59, table D; § 61, table E and notes.
Eury'a-le; one of the Gorgons. Eury'alus, 360–362.
Euryb'i-e, a Titan, wife of Creus; Com. § 17.
Euryd'i-ce, 185-188, 220; Com. § 107. Euryl'ochus, 318, 319. Euryn'o-me, 117; Com. §§ 17, 71. Euryphaës'sa, Com. § 17. Eurys'theus, 234. Euryt'ion, 237, 267.
Euter'pe, the muse of lyric poetry, 72. Euxine Sea, 246.
Evan'der, 274, 357-363. Eve and the apple, 12.
E'vius, Com. § 46; see Bacchus.
Fable, definition of, 1; distinguished from myth, 1-3; some writers of, 2.
Fair, Brown, and Trembling, story of; analogy of incident, Com. § 94. Famine (personified), 209. Farbanti, 369.
Fate (Greek Anan'ke, Latin Fa'tum) the necessity behind and above gods as well as men.
Fates, the (Greek Mæ'ræ, Latin Par'ca), subject to Jupiter; their office, 72; daughters of Themis, or of Night, 72, 132, 184, 254, 277; song of, 279, 280; Com. § 43 (6).
Fau'ni, Fauns, Com. § 56, 117.
Euhem'erus (Eu-em'erus) and Euhem- Fau'nus, 89, 203, 204, 208, 213, 215, 354:
Flo'ra, 87; loved by Zephyrus, 73, 89; Giants, Greek (Gi-gan'tes), 39; war of,
Fox and Grapes, referred to, I.
Freya, 369, 371, 372, 386.
41, 42; Com. § 21.
Giants, Norse, 366, 369.
Ginungagap, 366.
Giselher, 401.
Giuki, 397.
Freyr, 369, 379, 386, 387, 388; Com. Gladsheim, 367.
Frigga, 368, 380, 381, 382, 386; Com. §§ 177-184.
Frost Giant (Ymir), 366, 386, 388. Frost Giants, 371.
Fu'riæ, Furies (Erin'y-es, Di'ræ, Eu- men'i-des, Sem'næ: Alec'to, Tisiph'- o-ne, Megæ'ra), 39, 81; attendants of Proserpine, 83, 84; mollified by Orpheus, 186; 190, 213, 311, 312, 345- 350; Com. § 51.
Gæ'a, Ge, or Terra, 38, 39, 42, 76; or the Roman Tellus, 88; see under Earth.
Gal-ate'a, the Nereid, 85, 203; myth of Acis, Polyphemus, and G., 215-217; Com. § 126.
Glau'ce (or Creü'sa), 249; Com. §§ 144- 147 (Interp.).
Glau'cus; formerly a fisherman of Boeotia, afterward a sea-god, 87, 217, 222; Com. § 127; sometimes confused in mythology with the following: Glau'cus of Corinth, son of Sisyphus, and father of Bellerophon, 231. Glau'cus, grandson of Bellerophon, in the Trojan War, 287. Gleipnir, 370. Glistenheath, 395.
Glyptothek, Munich; of King Louis I. of Bavaria; one of the finest collec- tions of ancient statuary in the world. Gnos'sus (Cno'sus, Cnos'sus), the ancient capital of Crete; home of Minos, 264.
Gal-ate'a and Pygmalion, 167; Com. Gods, the Egyptian, see under Egypt.
Gan-yme'da; a name of Hebe.
Ganymede, 71; Com. § 43 (2).
Gardens of Hesperides, Com. §§ 133-137. Ga'thas, 36.
Gautama; see Buddha.
Ge; see Gaa and Earth.
Gem'ini; see Tyndaridæ, 282.
Ge'nius, the Roman tutelary spirit, 89,
German heroes, myths, and lays, 20, 392- 404; Com. §§ 185, 186. German mythology, records of, 33, 34; narrative, 399-403; translations and
Gods, the great, of Greece, origin of, 38; enumerated, 52; discussed by Gladstone, Com, § 32; attributes of gods of Olympus, 51-73; lesser divinities of Olympus, 70-73; Greek gods of the earth, 74-77; Greek gods of the un- derworld, 78-84; lesser divinities of the underworld, 83-84; older and younger Greek dynasties of the waters, greater and lesser divinities, 85-87; gods common to Greece and Italy, 88; distinctively Roman, 88-90; derived from Etruscan, 90; myths of great Greek divinities of heaven, 91-173; of earth, 174-180; of earth and under- world, 181-188; of waters, 189-191;
of lesser divinities of heaven, 192-199; of lesser divinities of earth and under- world, 200-214; of lesser divinities of waters, 215-222; of the Norse gods, 366-391.
Hagen, 400-404; Com. §§ 185, 186. Halcy'o-ne, 192; and Ceyx, myth of, 194-196; Com. § 112.
Ham-adry'ads, 204; myths of, 208-212. Happy Isles, the, 337.
Gods, the Hindoo; see under Hindoo Harmo'nia, 98; and Cadmus, 117; her divinities.
Gods, the Norse, 366-391.
Golden Age, the, 43.
Golden Ass, the, 29.
Golden Fleece, the quest of, 223, 244- 247; Com. §§ 144-147.
necklace, 117, 175, 273, 276; Com. § 70.
Harpies, the, (Harpy'iæ) described, 86, 339, 354 Com. § 52-54; geneal. table C.
Harpoc'ra-tes; see Egyptian deities (1).
Gol'gi; a city of Cyprus, beloved by Hathor, Athor; see Egyptian deities (1). Venus, 261.
Gordian Knot (Gor'dius), Com. § 104. Gor'gons (Sthe'no, Eury'a-le, Medu'sa), described, 86, 225; Com. §§ 133-137; see Medusa.
Gothland, Goths, 392, 393. Graces, (Gra'tiæ or Char'i-tes), 64, 65;
attributes of, and names, 71; Spenser, on the Graces, 71, 96, 200; Com. § 43 (3). Græ'æ, Gray-women (Di'no, Pephre'- do, Eny'o), described, 86; and Per- seus, 225; Com. §§ 133-137. Gram, 395, 398, 399. Greek, Greeks, 14, 15, 19; myths of creation, 37; and see under Gods, Heroes, Myths.
Greyfell, 395, 397, 399.
Gunther, 400-404; Com. §§ 185, 186. Guttorm, 397-399.
Heaven, abode of Greek gods, 51; see
Olympus; attributes of Greek gods of, 51; myths of greater Greek gods, 91- 173; of lesser, 192–199. Heaven personified, 37, 38; see under Uranus.
He'be, 51; daughter of Juno, 52. 55: attributes of, wife of Hercules, 71, 113, 242, 247; Com. § 43 (2). He'brus, 188.
Hec'a-be; see Hecuba. Hec'a-te, described, 84, 246, 247, 345; Com. § 51.
Hec-atonchi'res, 38, 40; Com. § 17. Hec'tor, 287, 293-302; Com. §§ 165 (5),
Helgi, the Hunding's Bane, 32.
Gy'es or Gy' ges, Centim'anus, Com. Helenus, 23, 340; Com. § 165 (5). § 17. Gy'ges, the first king of Lydia; famous He-li'a-des, 125; Com. § 75. for his riches.
Ha'des, Com. § 48; see under Pluto. Ha'des, realm of, 69, 78; Com. § 48; see Underworld.
Hæ'mon, 275; Com. §§ 158-164. Hæmo'nia, 196.
Hæ'mus, Mount, 124; Com. § 75.
Hel'icon, Mount, 124; Com. § 75. He'lios, confounded with Apollo, 61; his family, 73; the sun, 75, 189; Com. §§ 17, 75.
Hel'le, 244; Com. §§ 144–147.
Hel'len, ancestor of the Hellenes, 49; his sons, 49, 231, 244; Com. §§ 59. 132 (5).
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