The Modern Gas Tractor

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Frontispiece-The Tractor and the Plough, an Invincible
Twentieth Century Combination.

Fig. 1-The Method of Ploughing in Vogue for Over 5,000
Years, Animal Drawn Single Furrow Plough .

Fig. 2-The Modern Method of Soil Tillage. Mechanical
Power Furnished by Gas Tractor Pulls Six Ploughs at
Once. Some Tractors Powerful Enough to Make
Fourteen Furrows at a Time

Fig. 3-A Man Easily Carries Fuel and Water Enough for an
Extended Period of Operation When Gas Engine is
Used for Power

Fig. 4-The Caravan Needed to Keep a Steam Traction
Engine Supplied With Fuel and Water is a Large Item
in Operating Costs

Fig. 5-Side View of Holt Illinois Traction Engine, Showing
Location of Important Parts
Fig. 6-Typical Large Capacity Gas Tractor of Latest
Approved Design with Important Parts Clearly
Shown.

Fig. 7-The Lambert "Steel Hoof" Tractor, a Three Wheel
Form Suitable for Orchard Cultivation and General
Small Farm Work

Fig. 8-The Wolverine Eighteen Horse-power General
Purpose Gas Tractor Utilizes Two Cylinder Power
Plant

Fig. 9—The I. H. C. Twenty Horse-power Tractor Utilizes
Single Cylinder Engine for Power

Fig. 10—The Russell Gas Tractor with Four Cylinder Power
Plant, and Single Front Steering Wheel .

Fig. 10a-Side View of Phoenix Tractor, a Compact
Design

Fig. 11-Diagram Showing Method of Calculating Grade

Percentage

Fig. 12-The Denning Motor Machine Carries a 16" Plough under Driver's Seat and is Well Adapted to General Farm Work .

Fig. 13-The Hackney Auto Plough Carries Three Ploughshares under Frame and Uses Front Wheels for Traction

Fig. 14-The Hackney Auto Plough With Road Scraper
Attachment, a Practical Machine for Highway Work . 82
Fig. 15-Parts of the Pioneer Tractor Outlined
Fig. 16-Folding Plate, Side Elevation Holt Caterpillar
Tractor Showing all Important Parts and the Relation
to Each Other
Fig. 17-Holt Caterpillar Tread Tractor. A Distinctive
Design Suitable for Soft Soils or Any Other Condition
Where Wheel Tractors Would Work at a Disadvantage
Fig. 18-The Avery Farm Truck, a General Purpose
Machine Powerful Enough for Traction Work in Field,
Capable of Hauling on Roads and Its Engine is Suitable
for Stationary Power if Desired

Fig. 19-An English Tractor With Three Bottom Gang
Plough. This Machine Driven by Two Cylinder
Vertical Motor Utilizes Front Wheels for Steering and
Traction Duty as Well

Fig. 20-Simple Diagram to Show One Method of Making a Brake Test of Small Engine.

Fig. 21-Making a Brake Test in the Field
Fig. 22-The Kennerson Traction Dynamometer,
Efficient and Simple Instrument for Measuring Draft .
Fig. 23-Sectional View of Ellis Three Port, Two-Cycle
Engine, Showing All Important Parts

Fig. 24-Longitudinal Sectional View of Four - Cycle
Engine of Ohio Tractor With Working Parts Clearly
Indicated

Fig. 25-Views of Simple Four-Cycle Engine Showing
Methods of Charging Cylinder With Explosive Gas and
Compressing It Prior to Ignition

Fig. 26-Views of Simple Four - Cycle Engine Showing
Effect of Explosion and How Burnt Gases are Ex-
hausted from Cylinder

100

102

104

Fig. 27-Defining Action of Two Port Two-Cycle Motor
Fig. 28-How Three Port Two-Cycle Engine Operates .

Fig. 29-Single Cylinder Power Plant Used on I. H. C. Two
Speed Light Tractor

Fig. 30-Diagram Showing Advantages of Multiple Cylinder
Motors and Why They Deliver Power More Evenly
Than Single Cylinder Types

Fig. 31-Fly Wheel Side of Two Cylinder Horizontal
Motor Used in "Oil Pull" Tractors.

Fig. 32-Double Opposed Motor of 45 Horse-power Used on
I. H. C. Mogul Tractor

Fig. 33-Sectional Views of Three Cylinder Vertical Motor,
Forming Power Plant of One Model of Russell Gas
Tractor.

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118

Fig. 34-Sectional Views of Typical Four Cylinder Tractor
Motor That Follows Automobile Practice

120

Fig. 35-The Holt Four Cylinder Power Plant With Valves
Opening Directly into the Cylinder Heads

122

Fig. 36-Four Cylinder Engine Used on "Tiger Pull”
Tractors

Fig. 37-Views of Well Designed Four Cylinder Power
Plant Used in "Twin City" Gas Tractor. Top View
Shows Water Manifolds and Mechanical Oiler; Bottom
View Presents Valve Side and Shows Induction and
Exhaust Manifolds, Carburetor and Magneto

Fig. 38-Single Cylinder Four-Cycle Motor With One Half
of Cylinder and Crankcase Removed to Show All
Important Parts

Fig. 39-Cylinder With Both Valves on One Side, Four
Ring Piston and Marine Type Connecting Rod
Fig. 40-Sectional View of "L" Head Cylinder Showing
Water Spaces Around Combustion and Valve

Fig. 41-Sectional View of Valve-in-Head Vertical Motor
Used on Hart-Parr Tractors, Cylinder and Head
Integral

123

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132

Fig. 42-Valve-in-Head Cylinder Used on I. H. C. Horizontal
Engine With Separable Head

134

Fig. 43-Exterior Face of Detachable Cylinder Head
Shown at A Outlines Valve Retention by Cages.
Interior Face Shown at B Indicates Large Valves
Possible by This Construction .

135

Fig. 44-Front View of Power Plant With Timing Gear Case Cover Removed, Showing Conventional Method of Driving Cam Shaft

A-Piston

Fig. 45-Types of Pistons Commonly Used.
With Deflector for Two-Cycle Engine. B-Piston
With Four Rings and Connecting Rod in Place, Used
on Medium Duty Engine. C-Long Piston of Heavy
Duty Motor

Fig. 46-Piston With Packing Rings Removed
Fig. 47-Types of Connecting Rods Used in Tractor Engines.
A-Simple Marine Type Used in Long Stroke Motor.
B-Built-up Marine Type With Adjustable Wrist Pin
Box. C-Marine Type With Wrist Pin Bushing
Adjustment by Wedge. D-Simple Hinged Lower
Cap Type Used in Vertical Cylinder Short Stroke
Motor

Fig. 48-Types of Single Cylinder Crankshafts. A-One
Throw Shaft Without Balance Weights. B-Crank-
shaft With Counterbalance to Reduce Vibration
Fig. 49-Forging for Two Throw Crankshaft
Fig. 50-Crankshafts for Multi-cylinder Motors. A-Two
Throw Crankshaft With Timing Gear Attached. B-
Four Throw Five Bearing Shaft

Fig. 51-Typical Fly Wheel and Method of Attaching to
Crankshaft Flange by Bolts

Fig. 52-Base for Single Cylinder Heavy Duty Motor
Fig. 53-Crankcase of Russell Three Cylinder Tractor
Motor Composed of Two Halves and is Split Long-
itudinally at Crankshaft Center Line
Fig. 54-Crankcase of Holt Tractor Engine, a One Piece
Casting With Removable Side Inspection Plates
Fig. 55-Graduate A Shows Proportion of Different Products
Obtained from Kansas Crude Oil. The Fractional
Distillation of Gasoline is Shown in Graduate B.
Method of Making Baumé Test Shown at C

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Fig. 56-Sectional View of Simple Vaporizer Valve
Fig. 57-Sectional View Explaining Action of Gray Fuel
Vaporizer

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163

Fig. 58-Diagram Showing Action of Float Feed Carburetor
Evolved by Maybach

166

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The Modern Gas Tractor: Its Construction, Utility, Operation, and Repair, a ...