Yes, kaila. No, wulla. Here, nunggo. There, ngurra. Now, kunyegaila. By and bye, kunye. Yesterday, gunda. Tomorrow, burda. A few days ago, buggera dhurungga. Long ago, muttyaPerhaps, wullawurri. Slowly, mun-gi. Rapidly, kurduWhere, dhirrungga? Where (if two), dhirrambula? Where (plural), dhirradhunna? How many, minyungurra?

gaila. gurdu.

PREPOSITIONS.

In front, kurbu. Behind, billungga. In the rear, durungga. Inside, mugungga. Outside, bullungga. Beside me, gurgungga dhiga. Between, dhunnūngga. Down, burrungga. Up, günda. Over or across (referring to a river, hill, etc.), gurrundha. This side of, nhubarañ. The other side, beyond, gowurrigurrundha. Through, gaimyu. Towards, dhai. Away from, dhirra.

Several prepositions take inflexion for number and person: Behind me, billunggadhiga. Behind thee, billunggabunga. Behind him, billunggabuga. Behind us, billunggangurriga, and so on.

CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS.

It is not thought necessary to supply illustrations of these parts of speech.

NUMERALS.

One, yaman. Two, kubbo. Several, murabirri.

THE WAMBA WAMBA LANGUAGE.

This language is spoken among the remnants of the native tribes about Swan Hill on the Murray river, and extending southerly into the State of Victoria beyond. Lalbert and Tyrrell creeks, the lower Avoca river, etc. The people are divided into two phratries, Gamaty and Gurgity, the men of one phratry marrying the women For lists of totems attached to these phratries, the reader is referred to a paper I contributed in 1898 to the Anthropological Society at Washington.1

of the other.

1 The Victorian Aborigines: their Initiation Ceremonies and Divisional Systems," American Anthropologist, Vol. xi, pp. 333, 334.

Plate V.

Map of Victoria,

All the languages spoken in the eastern portion of Victoria are identical in grammatical structure with the Gundungurra language reported by me to this Society last year, although their vocabularies are altogether different. Westward of the 145th meridian of longitude all the Victorian languages have the same structure as the Wamba Wamba, with the exception of a strip of country on the lower Murray river.

NOUNS.

Number.-Karrange, a kangaroo. Karrange bullang, two kangaroos. Karrange girtawal, several kangaroos.

Banggo, a boy. The sex of ani

Gender.-Wurtunge, a man. Laiur, a woman. Bannulaiur, a girl. Bupu, a child of either sex. mals is indicated by using the word mamo for males, and baba for females; thus, willunge mamo, a male opossum; willunge baba, a female opossum.

Case. The nominative: Wanne, a boomerang. Kenninge, a yamstick. Wirrangin, a dog. Lurnge, a camp.

The Causative: Wurtulu karange dhakkin, a man hit a kangaroo. Laiuru bupu dhakkin, a woman beat a child.

Possessive: Wurtua wanne, a man's boomerang. Every object over which ownership can be exercised is subject to inflection for number and person, thus:

This declension extends to all the persons and numbers, in each of which one example will be sufficient:

Adjectives follow the noun qualified, as kŭrwinge kurong-untu, an emu large. Kurwinge bannutu, an emu small. They are inflected for number and case like the nouns, and comparison is effected as in the Murawarri

PRONOUNS.

Pronouns have four numbers, singular, dual, trial, and plural. There are double forms of the first person to include or exclude the person spoken to. The following table shows the nominative and possessive pronouns :

There are objective forms of the pronouns, signifying me, with me, towards me, from me, and so on. Interrogative and demonstrative pronouns are also various and precise.

VERBS.

Verbs have the same numbers and persons as the pronouns, three tenses and three principal moods; as exhibited in the following conjugation of the verb "to sit":

The remaining moods are omitted, being similar in constitution to those of the Murawarri.

This is the first occasion on which the trial, or triple, number has been reported in the verbs of any Australian language. Mr. J. J. Carey, from the MS. of the late Mr. F. Tuckfield,1 published a list of pronouns in what he calls the Woddowro language, but which I spell Wuddyāwurru, in which he shows an incomplete set of trial pronouns. He did not, however, observe the double form in the first person of the dual, trial and plural, which is now communicated by me in the languages of Victoria for the first time.' Among the native tribes on the upper Campaspe, Lodden and Avoca rivers, instead of kullik being the sign of the trial, the word baiap is employed, as, Ngurnabuingunyinbaiap, we three sit. 1 Rep. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. vii, p. 842 and p. 853.

2 I have, however, previously discovered and reported the existence of two forms of the first person of the dual and plural in the nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs and prepositions of the Gundungurra, one of the native languages of New South Wales: PROC. AMER. Philos. Soc., Vol. xl, pp. 140–148.

Tyilbuingunyinbaiap, we three beat. It will be apparent that the words baiap or kullik are merely superadded to the suffix of the plural.

In the Motu, one of the languages of New Guinea, Rev. W. G. Lawes reports that the dual and trial of pronouns are formed by additions to the plural.'

If a line be assumed to be drawn on the map of Victoria from Melbourne to Echuca, then the whole of that portion of Victoria situated on the eastern side of that line has no trial number in its speech, but in all the languages to the west of that line the trial number obtains.

ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS.

In principle these resemble the same parts of speech in the Murawarri and Gundungurra, and some of them take similar inflexion for number and person.

Interjections and exclamations are not numerous and have been omitted.

NUMERALS.

One, yuwaia. Two, bulle. Several, girtawal.

A NEW FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCAN FAUNULE FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF MONTANA.

(Plate IV)

BY TIMOTHY W. STANTON.

(Read April 3, 1903.)

hands

An interesting collection of fresh-water invertebrate fossils, collected in Montana by a recent expedition from the Geological Department of Princeton University, has been placed in my for study through the courtesy of Prof. W. B. Scott and Dr. A. E. Ortmann. Although the collection contains only half a dozen species, it is of more than usual interest on account of the excellent preservation of the fossils and the fact that they probably come from either a new horizon for fresh-water mollusks, or at least a new

1 Motu Grammar (Sydney, 1896), p. 9.