honourable terms that Maurice always granted on capturing a town. The following letter from Edward Cecil, who served at this siege, is interesting, from the fact that it mentions the flooded state of Prince Maurice's camp. SIR E. CECIL TO SIR R. CECIL.1 "MAY IT PLEASE Y' HO., "I have receaved y' most kinde and favorable letter, wherein it hath pleased y' Ho. booth to lett mee know that my Brother is returned wth that honore, that yo promised mee to doe for him; And that I am most bound to y' Ho. for the wch I will never be unthankfull. "I am most assured y' Ho. wantes noe intellygence, and that myne shall onely serve to showe my diutye; wherefore I will not doubte to lett y' Ho. knowe, that wee parled upon the 9 of this month, wth the Enemye, and the neaxte day the marched out, wch made our seage just 2 monthes; the had all honorable compositione, and a convoye to wayt upon them; wth all, the deserved well, for if the had but keepd [kept] it 3 dayes longer, wee shoulde have swme in our Treanches, or have risone wthout the Towne, for al our workes ar over flone, so wee ar drivene out of our quarters wth water, wch will be the occatione that wee goe in to Garisone the sooner. For now, at this instant, wee ar be twxte going to Garison or to goe fighte wth the Enemye, that ar miended to beseage there owne mutiners, that lighye [lie] nighe Breadaw, onder his Excelences favoure, wch Mutinars have offered them selves (wch ar some 1500 horse and 2000 foote) to serve the states. But wee ar jeleus to intertayne so great numbers that hath beeyne our enimes, and fantasticall heades, ungoverned, so that the shall be much favored and difended, and shall rather lighe upone the Contry, then in danger any of oure Garisons. And thus hoping 1 Cecil Papers, Hatfield, No. 64. 2 2 This mutiny amongst the Archduke's troops is described by Motley (quoting from Meteren, Bentivoglio and Grotius) as "the most extensive, formidable, and methodical of all that had hitherto occurred in the Spanish armies. The mutineers had seized the city of Hoogstraten, which they strongly fortified, and levied black mail from the whole country round. Being strong in numbers, and united among themselves, the mutineers were able to defy the Archduke. They laughed at his menaces and attempts to subdue them, and when he, in y' Ho. will accepe the desier I have to be in y' favoure, then any desert in mee, I eand, but never [end] to praye for y' Ho. longe and happie life, wch will make happie "Yr Ho. most affectionat and diutefull "Nephue and servant, "ED. CECYLL. "from the Grave, this 14 of September, Sti. Antico." Add. "To the Rig. Ho. S Ro. Cecyll, Knight, Prinsepale Scecritary of Eingland." End. "1602. September 14. St Edward Cecyll to my Mr." Grave was taken, but the taking it had cost the lives of many brave soldiers.1 Disease-that dreaded campfollower-which visits alike the tent of the general and the private soldier, had claimed more victims among the States' troops than the bullets and swords of the garrison had done. It is one of the saddest sequences of war, that disease, which comes like a thief in the night, should strike the soldier down in the very hour of victory, when the toils of the campaign are over, and well-earned rewards and rest are awaiting him at home. The flooded state of Prince Maurice's camp, and the exhalations from a badly drained. right of his rank as ex-Archbishop of Toledo, excommunicated them with bell, book and candle in a thundering manifesto, they replied in a denunciatory manifesto also, which was more true than polite. After this they made overtures to Maurice of Nassau, who gave them leave to take refuge under the guns of Bergen-op-zoom, should they be hard pressed.—Motley, iv. pp. 93–97. At a review of the troops by Prince Maurice, on Sept. 21, the following English and Scotch companies were present, in the strength given after their names, viz. The troops of horse of Vere, 78; Cecil, 77; Darel, 70. Foot companies of Garnet, 66; D. Vere, 63; Proud, 76; Drury, 73; W. Lovelace, 82; Rogers, 44; Greville, 54; Fairfax, 70; Ridgway, 77; Ogle, 104; Doyley, 54; Woodhouse, 85; Wroth, 75; Fryer, 50; W. Crofts, 89; Frost, 59; Alleyne, 55; H. Vere, III; Sutton, 77; Stoddart, 79; Carew, 65; Cecil, 79; Knollys, 61; Harcourt, 78; Ed. Vere, 79; Wigmore, 64; Vavasour, 67; Drake, 89; Cokayne, 40; Richards, 61; Butler, 65; Morgan, 56; Congreve, 66; Fr. Crofts, 64; Dutton, 69; Edmonds, 160; Brogh, 120; Henderson, 100; Sinclair, 94: Balfour, 116.-A. Duyck's Journal, iii. p. 482. " country, lower than the level of the sea, during an unusually hot summer, brought on a sickness among the soldiers which 1 was little better than the plague." The English troops suffered severely, and lost some of their bravest officers. "Many captains are dead in the Low Countries," wrote Chamberlain to Carleton, "as Lile, Clifford, Keyes, Richards, Vavasor, Deacons, Crofts, Drake, and above 4,000 of the 6,000 men that last went over." 2 The same writer also tells us that "Mrs. Bodley has lost her eldest son, Captain Ball, by sickness in the Low Countries," 3 and that "Graf Maurice has been dangerously ill of the plague, the sore breaking out in his neck." George Gilpin, the English Resident at the Hague, died of an ague, in September, at the Hague; and Sir Robert Drury left the country, while Grave was being besieged, in impaired health. Edward Cecil was fortunate enough to escape the general sickness. We find him ordered on active service again in the month of October, and in command of three troops of horse, which were part of a small force sent on 23d of October to Emden, under the command of Du Bois, a gentleman of Brabant. This force was to help the people of Emden against their tyrannic ruler, Enno, Count of East Friesland. It appears that this Count Enno, who was a devoted adherent of the Roman Catholic religion, had, under the pretence of aiding the Emperor of Germany in his Turkish wars, raised troops, and imposed heavy taxes on his subjects, notably one called "chimney money." The 1 Grimston's Netherlands, p. 1281. ? Chamberlain to Carleton, Nov. 4, 1602.-S. P. Dom. * Sir Robert Drury, writing from Paris on Sept. 28 of this year to Sir R. Cecil, says he was detained there "to recover a sickness taken in our fruitless Brabant journey," and obliged to defer his hopes of the baths in Italy till the spring.-S. P. Dom. VOL. I. H Count's subjects bitterly resented these taxes, and the citizens of Noorden, a town not far from Emden, refused to install him as their Prince in 1602. In consequence of this refusal, Enno marched there with his troops, took the town, and made the inhabitants pay him 3,000 Rix dollars. He also imposed a tax of five years' "chimney money" on them, and caused the burghers to walk under the gallows "in sign that they had deserved it." Not content with this indignity to the worthies of Noorden, the Count treated the townspeople very cruelly, and threatened to do the same to the citizens of Emden. The Emdeners sent a deputation to the United Provinces, begging for the assistance of the States in their internal troubles. They made it clear to the States-General that Enno had some enterprise in hand for the King of Spain or the Archduke. This consideration induced the States to send some companies of soldiers to Emden in June.1 During the siege of Grave fresh deputations from Emden arrived in Prince Maurice's camp, soliciting further aid. Grave being taken, and the United Provinces having been informed that Count Enno had fortified Hinta and other villages which commanded the river Ems, and was in league with the Spaniards, whose presence at Emden, and on the borders of Friesland, was very undesirable and prejudicial to the safety of the United Provinces, the States-General determined to send a small force to Emden, to put a stop to the Count's designs against that place, and restore order. Anthony Duyck gives a short account in his Journal of the despatch of troops to Emden. The following extracts 2 are all that it is necessary to give : "The States have put 1200 men into Emden during the jars between the Count and the town."-Chamberlain to Carleton, June 17.-S. P. Dom. Translated from A. Duyck's Journal, iii. p. 497. "On the 23d of October Captain DuBois was in the Hague. His Excellency spent a considerable time at the State Council, and afterwards also in the States-General, to settle DuBois's share in the conduct of the wars. Twelve companies of foot were to be marched into Friesland, six of these were to be commanded by van Brog, and six by van Calvort. The six stationed at Emden, together with the three companies, which the town had undertaken to provide for, were to remain under the command of the chief-lieutenant of the Frisians, who was on the spot. Besides these the three troops of cavalry of Cissel, Ripperda, and Hasse Brun were sent thither, under the command of Cissel. DuBois was everywhere to command as General-in-chief. It was further agreed that DuBois, on his arrival at Emden, should apply to the town for orders and carry on the war in their name; that he should try to prevent the Count from completing the fortifications, and, if possible, to pull down the works already begun. He was ordered not to plunder or molest the farmers or to force them to flee from their homes, but to levy from them a light contribution. He was also to impose a war tax, to be paid at the town, on so many villages, as to be able to support the army permanently. But in all this he was to use discretion, so that no disgrace or blame might redound to the States through it. If he had to attack any fortified places, and if the town of Emden could not supply him with the amount of cannon required, he was to send for some guns from Friesland. Lastly, he was in all things to take counsel with the deputies of the States that were to accompany him to Emden." "4th Nov. "At Emden General DuBois found provisions and many things not ready. Notwithstanding this he left the town this morning with 19 companies of foot (comprising the 3 companies of the town) and one troop of horse; leaving behind the chieflieutenant Hettinga with his company, the company of Frans Gerrits, and half the company of van Koorput with the cavalry of Cicil and Ripperda. DuBois marched to a small redoubt at Hinte. From this small redoubt the Count's men fired about 40 shots from small field pieces (pedereros), and then left it in hot |