PNEUMATICS only veffel, wherein trials made to preferve fruits without any exhauftion of the air, mifcarried. Ale. Claret. Octob. 11.1674. The former berries in vacuo, being look'd upon, appear'd much lefs black than before; but did not feem putrefy'd, either by lofs of fhape, or by any ftinking fmell; nor was the leaft mouldinefs obferv'd upon them, tho they had been kept in the fame receiver for above four years. (165) June 14. We put a convenient quantity of ale into a bolt-head, and feal'd it up hermetically; the next year, July 5. we broke off the feal, and found the liquor very good, and without any fenfible fournefs. The next day, it was feal'd up again, and fet by for thirteen months, when the neck of the glafs being broken, the ale was found four. We fee however, that a fmall quantity of ale was preferv'd good, at leaft, above a year; which is much longer than that liquor ufually keeps. (166.) June 14. 1670. In a large bolt-head, we hermetically feal'd up above a pint of French claret,which when we came to look upon July 5.1671. appear'd very clear and high colour'd, and had depofited a large fediment at the bottom of the glafs, but faften'd no tartar, that we could perceive to the fides. Upon breaking the feal'd end of the glafs, we thought there was an eruption of included air, or fteams; and high above the furface of the wine, there appear❜d a certain white fmoke, almost like a mist, and then gradually vanifh'd: the wine continu'd well tafted, and was a little rough upon the tongue, but not at all four. The bolt-head was feal'd up again July 6. 1671. and fet by, till Auguft 5. 1672. at which time it was open'd again, and the wine ftill tafted very well. June 26. 1673. The bolt head, with the fame claret, being open'd, was found very good, and feal'd up again. Oftob. 11. 1674. the fame wine was open'd again, and appear'd of a good colour; it was not four, but seem'd fomewhat lefs fpirituous, than other good claret; perhaps, because of the cold weather. Bodies prefer- (167.) Aug. 3. 1678. I included two apricocks in two receivers, one of ved in com- which was exactly fill'd with bruis'd raifins of the fun, and with water; press'd liquors, and first apri. but in the other, there were only lodg'd a few raifins, fo that the apricock cocks with rai-was not touch'd by them, or their moisture. fins and water. Sept. 10. I took out the apricock, inclos'd with the water; and whilft Peaches in an infufion of raifins. the air broke out, the fruit bubbled very much : the raisins had loft, almost all their tafte, but the apricocks preferv'd a pleasant relish; and feem'd more pleasant than fuch fruit ufually is at that feafon of the year. Feb. 10. 1678. The apricock, inclos'd without water, kept its colour and figure, only feem'd to have loft its firmness. This experiment informs us, that the tafte of fome fruits may be preferv'd in an infufion of raifins of the fun; at leaft in veffels able to refift a great compreffure of the air. (168.) Sept. 17. 1678. I included peaches, with an infufion of raifins, in two receivers, fhut with a fcrew. 2 Sept. 21. Too great a quantity of air produced in one of the receivers, PNEUMATICS expell'd fome part of the liquor. The other receiver retain'd its liquor. Sept. 25. The receiver, out of which the liquor was expell'd, loft fome more of it; fo that a fifth, or fixth part, now feem'd empty: but, setting the fcrew, the liquor was then preferv'd. The other receiver remained unalter'd. Sept. 26. The fame receiver began again to leak, and run over: I fet the fcrew again. Nov. 27. Our receiver, hitherto, feem'd to be exactly fhut; but now I open'd it; and, whilft the air was getting out, the peaches bubbled very much one of them, which was of that fort whereto the ftone ufually adheres, preferv'd its firmness, and a pleasant taste; but the other, being of the yellow-colour'd kind, was very foft; yet the taste thereof feem'd to be more pleafant than of the other. The liquor was very grateful. Decemb. 28. The other receiver feem'd unalter'd; but, when I open'd it, innumerable bubbles immerg'd from the liquor, and from the peach. The peach, on one fide, had preferv'd its firmness; on the other, it had loft it but the whole was grateful to the palate, tho' fomewhat sharp. This experiment feems to teach, that liquors may grow four, though no fpirits have evaporated from them. (169.) September 20. I included peaches, with unripe grapes, in two Peaches with receivers, and fill'd them exactly; the one with apples bruifed to the con- grapes, apples, fiftence of a pultice; and the other, with an infufion of raifins of the fun, and an infuSept. 25. The receiver fill'd with pulp of apples, hitherto feem'd un-ion of raijins. alter'd; but, in the other, the air, which was generated, had thrust out half of the contain'd liquor, and impell'd the mercury into the gage, to the height of 100 inches; wherefore, I open'd the receiver, and the peach, whilft the air got out, was almoft reduced to the confiftence of a pultice: the tafte of it was pleasant. I put another peach into the fame receiver, and fubftituted a new infufion of raifins of the fun, instead of that which was loft. Sept. 26. The mercury rofe to 30 inches above its ufual height. 27. The height of the mercury was 72. 28. The height of it was 90. The liquor work'd out. 30. The fame height remain'd; but the liquor was all efcaped. October 1. All the air had, alfo, efcaped; wherefore, opening the receiver, I found the peaches very foft, but of a pleasant tafle. Octob. 3. The receiver, filled with the pulp of apples, had loft nothing; but now I perceiv'd, that almoft all the juice of the apples had run out: I open'd the receiver, and found its contents very much fermented. The peach was very foft, but not unpleafant in taste. This experiment informs us, that fruits cannot be long kept in pulp of apples, becaufe of the great production of air; tho' that happens a little later in the infufion of raifins. (170.) Sept. 23. 1678. I included peaches, with crude grapes, in two Peaches with receivers; one of which was exactly fill'd with pulp of apples, the other grapes, and the with unripe grapes, bruifed. Octob, pulp of apples PNEUMATICS Pears in cluded with the pulp of apples. Peaches in clofed with the pulp of apples, and unripe grapes. Octob. 1. The receiver, fill'd with pulp of apples, feem'd to have fuffer'd no alteration; but the other was empty of liquor: this, therefore, I open'd, and found one of the peaches to have retain'd its firmness and tafte; but the other had loft its firmness, yet retained a grateful taste. Feb. 5. 1679. The receiver, containing the pulp of apples, feem'd unalter'd: I open'd it, and the great ebullition which rose thereupon, manifefted, that a great compreffion of the air was made. The pulp of apples, and the peach, retain'd a grateful tafte, but fomewhat more pungent than ordinary. This experiment fhews, that juice of crude grapes cannot, conveniently, be used for the prefervation of fruits, by reafon of the too great production of air. (171.) Sept. 25. 1678. I included two pears, called butter-pears, in a receiver exactly fill'd with pulp of apples. Sept. 28.. I perceiv'd no alteration in the height of the mercury. 6. The height of the mercury was above 16. 12. The mercury was not changed. 20. Three days ago, the mercury was depreffed, though nothing had escaped. Octob. 26. This day the receiver was crack'd; though I did not find that the air was compreffed within it; but, perhaps, the fcrew was set too high. The pulp of the apples was of a very grateful tafte; fo were the pears, tho' foft, and one of them inclin'd to rottennefs. Perhaps, the crack in the receiver, was the cause of fo little air being produced in this experiment. (172.) Octob. 1. 1678. I inclofed peaches in two receivers; one of which was fill'd with pulp of apples, and the other, with unripe grapes, bruised. Octob. 5. Much air was produced in the fecond receiver, and fome of the juice ran out. The height of the mercury was 64 inches. Oct. 6. The juice continu'd to run out: the height of the mercury was 70. Octob. 8. Now the juice feemed to be all run out of the receiver; and the height of the mercury was 86. Octob. 12. The mercury remain'd at 86. 18. The receiver, emptied of its juice, held the air very well; and the mercury in it refted at 86. The other receiver, fill'd with pulp of apples, had, for these five last days, fuffer'd some juice to flow out. Decemb. 4. I open'd the receiver, fill'd with pulp of apples; and tho' all the juice was gone, yet it ftill retain'd the air, very much compressed; and many bubbles broke out, not without noife, after the receiver was quite open'd. The peach was very soft, and of a pungent taste, like to that of ftrong wine. Jan. 22. 1679. After the effufion of the juice in the other receiver, the mercury refted at the fame height. I open'd the receiver; the peaches emitted many bubbles, and were wrinkled, but their colour was little changed: their tafte was moft pungent, and inclining to acid. This experiment confirms the conclufions drawn from the former. PNEUMATICS (173) Octob. 4. 1678. I put peaches into three receivers; the firft of Peaches incluwhich was filled with ale; the fecond, with hopp'd beer; the third, with ded with ale, wine. Octob. 5. The height of the mercury in the firft receiver, was 15; in the fecond, 10; in the third, 9. Octob. 6. The height of it, in the first receiver, was 25; in the fecond, 15; in the third, 20. Octob. 8. The height of the mercury, in the first receiver, was 35; in the fecond, 15; in the third, 20. Octob. 12. The height in the first receiver, was 63; in the fecond, 15; 15. The height of the mercury, in the firft receiver, was 81; in 16. There was no more change perceived in any of the three re- 18. The mercury rather defcended, than afcended, in all the three. 24. The height of the mercury, in the first receiver, was 96; in 30. The height, in the first receiver, was 115; in the second, Nov. 3. The height, in the first receiver, was 117; in the fecond, 20; 6. The height, in the first receiver, was 120; in the fecond, 31; in the third, 31. II. The height of the mercury, in the firft receiver, was 105; Nov. 16. The height of the mercury was the fame. The peach, which hitherto lay at the bottom, now mounted to the upper part of the liquor, in the fecond receiver; the reft ftaid at the bottom. Nov. 25. The height, in the first receiver, was 140 inches; in the fecond, 47; in the third, 32. Nov. 28. The height, in the first receiver, was 96; in the second, 36; in the third, 28. It was very cold weather. Decemb. 13. The height, in the firft receiver, was 96; in the fecond, 47; in the third, 33. I open'd the third receiver, and found the peach firm, and of a laudable colour; but it had contracted much of its taste from the wine, and might yet be improved by fugar. The wine, alfo, was grateful to the palate. Decemb. 30. The height of the mercury, in the first receiver, was 96 inches; in the fecond 47. I open'd the first receiver; when the peaches, which had lain, till then, at the bottom of the liquor, prefently emerged to the upper part, and emitted many bubbles: the tafte of the ale, of which they had greatly partook, became pleasant, with fugar, Hence beer,and wine. PNEUMATICS Raw beef included with Hence fermented liquors may be useful for the prefervation of fruits, as being unfit to produce air. (174) Sept. 5. 1678. I included one whole peach, with another cut to pieces, in a receiver; into which, I afterwards poured old wine, till it was exactly fill'd, and then fhut it with a fcrew. Nov. 20. Nothing, hitherto, feem'd to be alter'd; but, this day, I perceiv'd fome of the wine run out. Nov. 30. A third part of the wine was loft. Decemb. 8. The wine beginning again to run out, and there being but little of it left, I open'd the receiver, and found the peaches very much fermented, yet of a grateful, but moft pungent tafte. The wine, alfo, was pleasant. From this experiment, compared with the third receiver, in the former, we may conjecture, that wine hinders the fermentation of peaches, if ufed in a fufficient quantity; but here the quantity was not fufficient, because the pieces of the cut peach fill'd the whole receiver, fo that no room was left for the wine, but in the interstices. (175.) Ocb.11. 1678. I put two unripe peaches, one whole, the other cut to pieces, into a receiver filled with hopp'd and fermented beer. Odb. 12. In one night's time, the mercury afcended three inches. 15. The height of the mercury was 15. 16. The height of it was 15. 18. The height of it was 12. It was very cold. 20. The height of it remained at 12. 22. The mercury afcended again. The cold abated. Nov. 2. The height of the mercury was 20. 3. The mercury afcended a little. It was cold weather. 6. The height of the mercury was 28. The weather grew hotter. 8. The height of it was 33. 11. The height of the mercury was 40. 12. The height remained at 40. Some of the beer worked out. 16. The height of it was 46. 19. The height of it was 43. But much of the beer was loft. 21. The mercury afcended not, but the beer continued to work out. 23. When the beer was almost all work'd out, I open'd the receiver, and found the peaches very foft, yet of a grateful tafte; tho' they were kept for nine hours in the free air, after the receiver was opened. From this experiment, compared with the fecond receiver, we may infer, that beer hinders the fermentation of peaches, and the production of air, if used in a fufficient quantity: but here there was only a little beer, contained in the interftices, which was unable to hinder the fermentation of the peaches. i (176.) Octob. 19. 1678. 1 included raw beef in three receivers; the first ftale beer, and of which was exactly filled with ftale beer, forcibly intruded; so that the |