A lovely boy of killing eyes

Where ambufcading witchcraft lies,

Which did at laft the owner's felf furprife. Cleeve's Cowley. ** A'MENAGE. n." There cannot be a more strikA'MENANCE. Sing inftance of the flovenly manner in which Johnfon compofed his dictionary, than his coupling thefe two words together. He might well give no example of amenage, fince inftead of a noun it is a verb. In Upton's gloffary to Spenfer's Faery Queen Amenage ftands interpreted by manage, carriage; but carriage is a plain blunder of the printer's, who has caught the word from the line below. On fuch an authority, without examining further, or even obferving the incoherency of the explanation, Johnfon has made amenage a

noun.

To AMENA'GE. v. a. [from admenare, Barb. Lat. percutere.] To fecure by force.

That fame is Furor, curfed cruel wight,

That unto knighthood workes much fhame and woe; And that fame hag, his aged mother, hight Occafion, the root of all wrath and despight: With her, whofo will raging Furor tame Muft first begin, and well her amenage. "A'MIABLY. adv.

Sp. F. Q.B.II. CIV. ft. 10, 11. In an amiable manner." Lefs amiably mild,

Milton.

Than that smooth wat'ry image. A'MIS. n. [This (fignifying a prieft's under-garment) is only another way of writing amice; for which fee Johnson.]

Upon a floathfull affe he chose to ryde, Aray'd in habit blacke, and amis thin, Like to an holy monck the fervice to begin.

Sp. F. Q. B.I. C.IV. ft.18.

ANA

Amifes, books, banners, and rood-lofts were likewife burned in the open streets. Weever. AMI'SS. adj. [Johnfon does not allow amifs to be ever an adjective "because it always follows the fubftan"tive, to which it relates." So it does in the citation below, but must be put before the fubftantive in conftruction.] Peccant.

Thou well of life, whofe ftreams were purple blood,
That flowed here to cleanse the foul amifs

Of finful man.

Fairfax, B. III. ft. 8. [Was you to confider amis as an adverb here, the fenfe of the paffage would be just reverfed.] A'MMIRAL. n. [for admiral.] An admiral's fhip. To equal which, the tallest pine, Hewn on Norwegian hills to be the mast Of fome great ammiral, were but a wand. Milton. AMOEBÆAN. adj. [from auacalos, Gr.] Alternately refponfive.

Amabean verfes, and the cuftom of vying in extempore verfes by turns was a custom derived from the old Sicilian Shepherds. Fof. Wharton's Pope. AMOURETTE. n. [a Fr. diminutive of amour.] Three amours I have had in my life-time; as for amourettes they are not worth mentioning. Walfi's Letters. AMPHIBOLY, n. [àμpıbcria, Gr.] Ambiguity of meaning.

There may be fome amphiboly in the word before, as doubtful whether it fhall relate to the Normans, or to Hen. III. Spelman. AMPHITHEATRICAL. adj. Ufed to be exhibited in an amphitheatre.

The baitings, and flaughter of fo many forts of creatures, tame as well as wild, for diverfion merely, may witness the extraordinary inclination we have for amplitheatrical fpectacles. Shaftefoury. "AMPLIFICATION. n. "1. Enlargement."

We have been accustomed to conceive this amplification of the visible figure of a known object, only as the effect or fign of its being brought nearer. Reid's Inquiry. "A'NA. n. Books fo called from the laft fyllable of. "their titles; as Scaligerana, Thuaniana;" [a blunder of Johnfon's for Thuana] "they are loofe "thoughts, or cafual hints, dropt by eminent men, "and collected by their friends.' This definition is incomplete; the termination ana is added to any connective title of literary fcraps.

They were pleafed to publifh fome Tunbrigiana this feafon; but fuch ana! I believe, there were never fo many vile little verfes put together before. Weft to Gray. ANABAPTISM. n. The doctrine of anabaptifts.

Al's Dict.

ANABAPTIST. n. [from ava and Carr, Gr.] One of that fect of Chriftians who oppose the baptism of infants.

It is a loose and licentious opinion, which the anabaptifts have embraced, holding that a chriftian man's liberty is loft. Hooker. An anabaptift is a water-faint, that, like a crocodile, fees clearly in the water, but dully on land.

Butler's Characters.

ANACREONTIQUE. n. A poem in Anacreon's

manner..

Anacreontiques: or fome copies of verses, translated paraphrastically out of Anacreon.

Title to Corley's Imitations of Anacreon.
C
A'ÑADEM.

ANE

A'NADEM. n. [ávadnua, Gr.] A chaplet.
The lowly dales will yield us anadems

To fhade our temples; 'tis a worthy mee

No better girlond feeks mine oaten reed. W. Browne. "ANAGOGICAL. adj. ---- Myfterious." : It has no coherency therewith, either figuratively, allegorical, or anagogical. Spelman. ANAGRAMMA'TICAL, adj. Making an anagram. For whom was devifed Pallas's defenfive fhield with Gorgon's head thereon with this anagrammatical word. Camden's Remains. A'NAPÆST. n. [ávaπaisos, Gr.] A metrical foot, containing two fhort fyllables and one long.

They found the heroic foot (which includes the Spondee, the Dactyle, and the Anapafl) to be majestic and grave. Harris's Philolog. Inq. ANA'RCHIC. adj. Anarchical.

They expect, that they fhall hold in obedience an Burke. anarchic people, by an anarchic army. A'NCHORESS. n. A female anchoret.

Anch'reffes, that dwell

Mew'd up in walls, and mumble o'er their beads.

Fairfax. Ifold Heton widow made fuit to king Henry the fixth, that the might be an anchores, or vowed reclufe., Weever. "A'NCIENT. n. The flag of a fhip, and formerly of a regiment." The latter of thefe two fenfes might have been exemplified from Shakspeare.

ancient.

Ten times more difhonourably ragged than an old faced Hen. IV. P. 1. A. IV. fc. 2. A'NCIENT-DEME'SNE. n. [a law term from ancient and demefne, Fr.]

Ancient-demefne confifts of those lands or manors, which, though now perhaps granted out to private subjects, were actually in the hands of the crown at the time of Edward the Confeffor, or William the Conqueror. Blackflone. The ancient-demefne, or land-eftate of the crown, as recorded in Domefday-book by William I. confifted of Lyttelton. fourteen hundred and twenty-two manors. ANCILLARY, adj. [from ancilla, Lat.] Subfervient, as a handmaid.

It is beneath the dignity of the king's courts to be merely ancillary to other inferior jurisdictions. Blackflone. A'NCOME. n. An ulcerous fwelling.

I have feen a little prick, no bigger than a pin's head, fwell bigger and bigger, till it came to an ancome.

"A'NECDOTE. n.

Eastward Hoe.

"2. It is now used, after the French, for a biographical "incident."

They will alfo fpecify the few remaining anecdotes, which occurred in a life fo retired and fedentary, as his. Mafon's Life of Gray. ANECDO'TICAL. adj. Relative to anecdotes. Particular anecdotical traditions, whofe original authority is unknown or fufpicious. Bolingbroke to Pope. ANE'NST. prep. [onzean, Sax, adversùs; omitting the Saxong, as the modern word omits the n.] Against. And many a fink pour'd out their rage anent 'em. B. Jonfon's Epigr. ANE'WST. adv. [from nepere, Sax. vicinia.] Nigh, almost, near hand. Ray. Anewft the matter being ftill a phrafe among country people entitles this word to a place in a modern vocabulary.

.

Leake.

B. Jonfon.

And greedily devour the treach'rous bait. Shakspeare. “To ANNEAL. v. a..

66. 3. To heat any thing in fuch a manner, as to give it "the true temper.". Shenftone ufes it for tempering by cold.

When from each branch anneal'd, the works of frost Pervasive, radiant ificles depend. Economy, P. III. ANNOMINATION. n. [annominatio, Barb. Lat.] Alliteration.

Geraldus Cambrenfis fpeaks of annomination, which he defcribes to be what we call alliteration. Tyrwhitt on Chaucer. "A'NODYNE. adj." That anodyne is an adjective must be allowed, and the following paffage exemplifies it, as fuch.

The anodyne draught of oblivion, thus drugged, is well calculated to preserve a galling wakefulnels.

Burke.

thems.

Bacon.

Several choirs placed one over-against another, and taking the voices by catches anthem-wife, give great pleafure. AʼNTHEMIS. n. [Lat.] The chamomile. The anthemis, a small but glorious flower, Scarce rears his head; yet has a giant's tower. Tate's Corley. A'NTICHRIST. n. [avri, Gr. and Chrift.] The grand adverfary to christianity.

Many came to believe the bishops to be Antichrift. Walton. He defies pagiftracy and miniftry as the works of Butler's Chara&ers. Antichrift.

A'NTICK-MASQUE, A'NTIMASQUE. n. A mafque of anticks.

We may be admitted, if not for a mafque, for an antick-mafque.

B. Jonfon.

The

According to the anti-enthufiaftic poet's method.

Shaftesbury. A'NTIENTRY. n. [from antient.] Caft of antiquity.

They contain not one word of antientry. Weft to Gray Here, and throughout his criticifm on old words he is not confiftent: for he here insists, that all antientry should be ftruck out, and in a former paffage he allows it may be used very fparingly. Mafon's Note on the former Citation. ANTI-GUGGLER. n. [ävti, Gr. and guggle.] A tube of metal fo bent as to be eafily introduced into the neck of most bottles.

I cannot difmifs this part of our fubject without explaining a little inftrument, called the anti-guggler, formerly used for decanting liquors, liable to fediment. ANTI-HYSTERICS. n.pl. Medicines good against hyfterics.

Adams.

Anti-hyfterics are undoubtedly ferviceable in madness arifing from fome forts of fpafmodic disorders. Battie on Madness. ANTIMANIACAL. adj. [a'vi and μavia, Gr.] Good against madness.

With refpect to vomits, it may feem almoft heretical to impeach their antimaniacal virtues. Battie on Madness. ANTI-MINISTERIAL. adj. Against the ministry. If I fay any thing antiminifterial, you will tell me you know the reason. Gray's Letters, ANTI-PAPI'STICAL. adj. [from av, Gr. and Papa, Lat.] Averfe to popery. It is pleafant to fee, how the moft anti-papiftical poets

are inclined to canonize their friends.

A PO

even (that avower of his own ftudied correctness) Lord Chesterfield, are guilty of it. No fuch blemith defaces the purer ftyles of Lyttelton, Robertfon, or Bryant.] ANTIREVOLUTIONARY. adj. Hoftile to revolutions in government.

Burke.

They confider mortar as a very antirevolutionary invention in its present state. ANTISEPTIC. adj. [from aver and onw, Gr.] Good against putrefaction.

Which defire procures a remedy, that is both diluting and antifeptic. Battie on Madness. ANTISEPTIC. n. [from the adjective.] An antifeptic medicine.

By the frequent application of attringents and antiANTISPASMODICS. n. pl. [from the adjective.] Septics. Berdmore on the Teeth. Medicines that relieve fpafms.

Under this head of antifpafmodics every one, I fuppofe, will readily place Valerian, Caftor, the Gumms, and Musk.

66

Battie.

In an ode, fuppo

"ANTI'STROPHE. n. "fed to be fung in parts, the second stanza of every three, or foinetimes every second stanza." The fecond ftanza was called the Antiftrophe from the contraverfion of the Chorus; the fingers, in performing that, turning from the left-hand to the right, contrary always to their motion in the Strophe. Congreve.

Had the regular return of Strophe, Antiftrophe, and Epode no other merit, than that of extreme difficulty, it ought on this very account to be valued; because we well know, that eafy writing is no eafy reading.' Mafon's Note on a Letter of Gray's contains this [piece of reafoning. ANYWISE. adv. [from any and wife, adv.] In any

Battie.

Nitre is reckoned fpecifically antiphlogistical. A'NTIPHON. n. [av and pwn.] Alternate finging. In antiphons thus tune we female plaints. Fuimus Troes. ANTIPHONY. n. [arri and own, Gr.] An echo.

The echo, or antiphony, which thefe elegant exclaimers hope by this reflection to draw neceflarily from their audience. Shaftes ANTIQUARIAN. adj. [from antiquary.] Relative to antiquities.

I am enumerating the more confiderable of Mr. Gray's antiquarian purfuits. Mafon's Life of Gray. We muft venerate Leland's indigefted refearches, as the firft fruits of antiquarian fcience among us. Gough. [The laft-cited author is one of the few within this half-century, who uniformly ufe this word as an adjective, which it is; and never as a fubftantive, which it is not. Antiquarian for antiquary is a downright confufion of speech, though Shenftone, Blackstone, Walpole, Burke, profeffor Reid, and

Milton.

APATHETIC. adj. [from apathy.] Void of paffions.
I am not to be apathetic, or void of paffions, like a
A'PE-CARRIER. n. One that carries an ape about.
Harris in J. Wharton's Notes on Pope.
There is nothing in the world fo pitiful; no, not an
ape-carrier.
APIECES. adv. In pieces.

Overbury.

founder.] One of a fect, who held particular notions about the nature of Chrift.

Apollinarians by maiming and misinterpreting what belonged to Chrift's human-nature, withstood the truth. Hooker.

APOLOGIST. n. He that makes an apology.

Who, in point of the actual fervices they have thereby performed, are to be parallel'd only with the first apologifts of the chriftian caufe. C. Hall's Sermon on Gospel credibility. "To APOSTROPHIZE. v. n. - - . To addrefs by 'apostrophe." This fenfe clearly makes the verb active, and not neuter. APOSTROPHUS. n. [aπогроpos, Gr.] [ἀποτροφος,

66

Apoftrophus is the rejecting of a vowel from the beginning or ending of a word. B. Jonfon's Grammar. To APPA'L. v. n. [from appalus, Barb. Lat. mollis.] To grow mild.

Nor falvage hart, but ruth of her fad plight Would make to melt, or pitteously appall. Sp. F. Q. B.III. C.VIII. ft.9. [See too citation to ADAW. v. n. and the gloffary to HOCCLEVE]

APPA'RANCIE. n. [from appareo, Lat.] Appearance.
Whofe feigned geftures do attrap our youth
With an apparancie of fimple truth.
"APPA'RENT. adj.

W. Browne.

"5. Certain; not prefumptive." What Johnfon means by certain is beft explained in the following paffage: Heirs apparent are fuch, whose right of inheritance is indefeafible, provided they outlive the ancestor: as the eldest fon, or his iffue. Blackfione. "To APPEAL. u. n.

4. To charge with a crime: to accufe: a term of "law." In this fenfe the verb is active; both in the paffage given by Johnson from Shakspeare, and in the following:

He gan that ladie strongly to appeal

Of many hainous crimes. Sp. F. 2. B.V. C.IX. ft. 39. When a perfon indicted for treafon or felony appeals or accufes others, his accomplices, of the fame Blackstone. To APPEAL. v. a. [from appello, Lat.] To call

crime.

over a latinifm.

Then both uprofe, and took their ready way. Unto the church, their prayers to appeal. Sp. F. 2. B.III. C.II. ft.48. [Appeal in this paffage is differently interpreted both by Church and Upton; but as their explication is quite irreconcileable to grammatical conftruction, the foregoing is fubmitted to the public.] "APPELLATE. n." Johnson gives this word for a fubftantive, and produces an authority from Ayliffe-proving it an adjective. The fenfe there is appealed against; but it is also used for Created on appeal.

The king of France is not the fountain of juftice: the judges, neither the original nor the appellate are of his nomination.

Burke.

APP

APPENDANCE, APPENDENCY. n. [from appendant.] A right of property annext to the poffeffion of fome other property.

Till they were hereditary, thofe appendances could not belong to them. Spelman. Abraham bought the whole field, and by right of appendency had the cave with it. Ib. APPERCEPTION. n. [a peculiar philosophical term.]

This philofopher makes a diftinction between perception, and what he calls apperception. By apperception he understands that degree of perception, which reflects, as it were, upon itfelf; by which we are confcious of our own existence, and confcious of our own perceptions. Reid. "APPERTINENT. adj. [from to appertain.] Belonging, relating.

"You know, how apt our love was to accord,
"To furnish him with all appertinents

6

Belonging to his honour." Shakspeare's Henry V." Appertinents in this paffage is a fubftantive, and means things appertaining as an example of which it is re-inferted here. For an inftance of the adjective, take the following:

And I [faid] tough fignior, as an appertinent title to your old time. Shakspeare's Love's Labour Loft, A. I. fc. 2. APPLA'USIVE. adj. [froin applause.] Applauding. Euclia appears in the heavens, finging an applaufive fong. B. Fonfon's Mafques. APPLE-JOHN. n. A fort of apple, which Miller claffes with the cyder apples, under the name of john-apple or deux annes; under which names it alfo frequently occurs in Evelyn's Kalendarium Hortenfe, and may be feen under JOHN-APPLE in Johnson.

Thou know'ft Sir John cannot endure an apple-john.
Shakspeare.

Thy man Apple-John, that looks As he had been a fe'nnight in the ftraw, A rip'ning for the market. Chapman and Shirley's Ball. APPLE-PIE., n. A pie filled with apples. 'Tis in requeft among gentlemen's daughters to devour their cheese-cakes, apple-pies, cream, &c. Jovial Crew. A'PPLE-SQUIRE. ». [formerly a cant term for] A pimp.

Young apple-fquire, and old cuckold-maker.

B. Jonfon's Every Man in his Humour.
Of her gentleman-ufher I became her apple-jquire, to
hold the door, and keep centinel at taverns.
Nabbes's Microcofmus.

APPLIMENT. 1. Application.
Thefe will wreft the doings of any man to their own
bafe and malicious appliments.
Introduction to Marfton's Malcontent.

To APPRECIATE. v. a. [from apprecio, Barb. Lat.] To fet a value on.

Fortitude is in reality no more, than prudence, good judgment, and prefence of mind, in properly appreciating pain, labour, and danger. A. Smith. APPROPRIETARY. n. [from ad, Lat. and proprietary.] A lav poffeffor of the profits of a benefice. Let me fay one thing more to the approprietaries of churches. Spelman.

"To APPROVE. v. a. 7. [In law. To improve.

This inclofure, when juftifiable, is called in law approving, an antient expreffion fignifying the fame as improving. Blackflone.

"APPROVEMENT. n. 2 [In law.]

Approvement is, when a perfon indicted of treason or felony, and arraigned for the fame, doth confefs the fact before plea pleaded, and appeals or accufes others his accomplices in order to obtain his pardon. Blackflone. 3. In law. Improvement of common grounds.

The lord may approve, that is, enclose and convert to the ufes of husbandry (which they call melioration or approvement) any wafte grounds, woods, or pastures, in which the tenants have common appendant to their eftates, provided he leaves fufficient common to his teBlackflone.

nants.

Feed him with apricocks and dewberries. AQUARIUS. n. [Lat. for water-bearer.] I fhall not have a fingle peach or apricot. Chefterfield. eleventh fign in the Zodiac.

The

His church is under the watery government of the moon, when he was in Aquarius. Butler's Characters. AQUATICAL. adj. Aquatic.

Of the aquatical [trees] I reckon the poplars, afp,
alder, willow, fallow, ozier, &c.
Evelyn.
AQUETTY. n. [from aqueous.] Waterinefs.
The aqueity

Terreity and Sulphureity
Shall run together again.
A'QUILON. n. [Lat.] The north wind.
Blow, villain, till thy fphered bias cheek
Out fwell the cholic of puff'd Aquilon.

B. Jonfon.

Shak, Trail and Creff. A'RABIC. adj. Of Arabia; written in its language. He made choice of Pedro de Covillam, and Alphonfo de Pagoa, who were perfect mafters of the Arabic lan guage. Robertfon. Who not only explained them in Arabic comments, but compofed themfelves. original pieces upon the fame principle. Harris's Philolog. Inq. A'RABIC. n. [the adjective, by ellipfis.] The Arabic language.

We fhall always quote from the Latin version of the learned Pocock fubjoined to the original Arabic. Harris's Philolog. Inq. p. 254, note. A'RBITRARINESS. n. The being a bitrary. Extol voluptuoufnefs, wilfulnefs, vindicativeness, arbitrariness, vain-glory. Shaftesbury. "ARBITRATION. n.

The determination of

"a caufe by a judge mutually agreed on by the par"ties contending." Johnfon feems not to have known the difference between arbitration and arbitrement, having here given a definition of the latter in its fenfe of award. As to the former, Blackstone lays,

Arbitration is, where the parties injuring and injured fubmit all matters in difpute to the judgment of two or more arbitrators, who are to decide the controversy; and if they do not agree, it is ufual to add, that another be called in as umpire, to whofe fole judgment it is then referred: or frequently there is only one arbitrator originally appointed. Commentaries. A'RBITRESS. n. A female arbiter.

While over head the Moon

Milton.

Sits arbitrefs. ARBORA TÖR n. [from arbor, Lat.] A pruner of trees.

The