Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social SciencesCambridge University Press, 30 квіт. 2007 р. This book is an expanded and revised edition of the author's critically acclaimed volume Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. In twenty-six succinct chapters, Jon Elster provides an account of the nature of explanation in the social sciences. He offers an overview of key explanatory mechanisms in the social sciences, relying on hundreds of examples and drawing on a large variety of sources - psychology, behavioral economics, biology, political science, historical writings, philosophy and fiction. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, Elster aims at accuracy and clarity while eschewing formal models. In a provocative conclusion, Elster defends the centrality of qualitative social sciences in a two-front war against soft (literary) and hard (mathematical) forms of obscurantism. |
З цієї книги
Результати 1-5 із 74
Сторінка 12
... decision not to become literate or a conscious decision by officials to withhold information, or turn to those. 6 For more than half an hour on March 27, 1964, thirty-eight respectable, law-abiding citizens in Queens, New York, watched a ...
... decision not to become literate or a conscious decision by officials to withhold information, or turn to those. 6 For more than half an hour on March 27, 1964, thirty-eight respectable, law-abiding citizens in Queens, New York, watched a ...
Сторінка 13
... decision. Was it because they feared ''getting involved'' or because each observer assumed that someone else would call the police (''Too many shepherds make a poor guard'')? Some of the observers, however, apparently did not even think ...
... decision. Was it because they feared ''getting involved'' or because each observer assumed that someone else would call the police (''Too many shepherds make a poor guard'')? Some of the observers, however, apparently did not even think ...
Сторінка 19
... decision. Some of the support arises from quite similar cases, as when the painful and humiliating initiation 12 We would not necessarily expect fewer people to rise to their feet in the cheaper sections. They might feel foolish sitting ...
... decision. Some of the support arises from quite similar cases, as when the painful and humiliating initiation 12 We would not necessarily expect fewer people to rise to their feet in the cheaper sections. They might feel foolish sitting ...
Сторінка 28
... decision to not cite the article, caused by an earlier event, the anger triggered by not being cited. Finally, causal explanations must be distinguished from predictions. Sometimes we can explain without being able to predict, and ...
... decision to not cite the article, caused by an earlier event, the anger triggered by not being cited. Finally, causal explanations must be distinguished from predictions. Sometimes we can explain without being able to predict, and ...
Сторінка 38
... deciding for themselves from the political to the religious sphere (spillover), we would expect weak religious beliefs. If the lack of a superior authority in politics leads them to seek authority elsewhere (compensation), a democratic ...
... deciding for themselves from the political to the religious sphere (spillover), we would expect weak religious beliefs. If the lack of a superior authority in politics leads them to seek authority elsewhere (compensation), a democratic ...
Зміст
Bibliographical Note | 212 |
and | 214 |
Some Canonical Principles of Rationality | 215 |
Violations of the Canon | 217 |
Irrationality | 232 |
Future Selves as Allies | 233 |
Future Selves as Adversaries | 236 |
Textual Interpretation | 246 |
52 | |
53 | |
Understanding Civil Wars | 56 |
Bibliographical Note | 66 |
This chapter and the two following ones will be devoted | 75 |
Interest Reason and Passion | 78 |
Id Ego Superego | 80 |
Taking Account of Consequences | 81 |
States That Are Essentially ByProducts | 86 |
Motivational Conflict | 89 |
and Altruism | 95 |
Approbativeness and Shamefulness | 98 |
Transmutations | 100 |
Reciprocity | 101 |
Moral Social and QuasiMoral Norms | 104 |
Imputing Motivations | 107 |
Bibliographical Note | 109 |
Beyond Gradient Climbing | 111 |
Initial | 113 |
utility | 117 |
Pascals Wager | 118 |
We may extend this idea to include temporary and motivated | 122 |
What Is It to Believe Something? | 124 |
Some Errors of Statistical Inference | 130 |
Rationalization | 135 |
Wishful Thinking | 136 |
SelfDeception | 141 |
Bibliographical Note | 143 |
The Role of the Emotions | 145 |
What Emotions Are There? | 148 |
Emotions and Happiness | 151 |
Emotion and Belief | 157 |
Culture and Emotions | 160 |
society did not have the concept of that emotion Individuals | 161 |
Desires and Opportunities | 165 |
Opportunity Explanations | 167 |
Bibliographical Note | 177 |
When Folk Psychology Goes Wrong | 178 |
The Power of the Situation | 182 |
The Spontaneous Appeal to Dispositions | 186 |
The Rehabilitation of the Person | 188 |
Bibliographical Note | 189 |
The Structure of Rational Action | 191 |
Preferences and Ordinal Utility | 193 |
Cardinal Utility and Risk Attitudes | 196 |
Risk Aversion and Decreasing Marginal Utility | 200 |
intrinsic utility | 201 |
Rational Beliefs | 202 |
Optimal Investment in InformationGathering | 205 |
Bibliographical Note | 256 |
Neuroscience | 261 |
Trust | 263 |
Filling In | 267 |
Bibliographical Note | 270 |
Consequences and | 271 |
Differential Reproductive Fitness | 274 |
Natural Selection | 275 |
The Units of Selection | 282 |
Bibliographical Note | 285 |
and | 287 |
Nonintentional Variation Nonintentional Selection | 288 |
Intentional Variation Nonintentional Selection | 293 |
Bibliographical Note | 298 |
Unintended Consequences ofIndividual Behavior | 300 |
Externalities | 303 |
p | 308 |
Bibliographical Note | 311 |
Strategic Interaction | 312 |
A B | 314 |
Two Duopoly Examples | 315 |
Some Frequently Occurring Games | 317 |
Intentions and Consequences | 331 |
Bibliographical Note | 343 |
Lowering Ones Guard | 344 |
Reasons for Trust | 346 |
Reasons for Trustworthiness | 347 |
How Trust May Induce Trustworthiness | 350 |
Bibliographical Note | 352 |
The Collective Consciousness | 353 |
What Social Norms Are Not | 357 |
Codes ofHonor | 361 |
Norms Regulating the Use of Money | 365 |
Norms of Drinking | 366 |
Formation | 372 |
Experimental Findings | 373 |
Pluralistic Ignorance | 375 |
Rumors Fears and Hopes | 380 |
The Living Flag | 388 |
The Technology of Collective Action | 393 |
Making | 401 |
Voting | 409 |
Bargaining | 419 |
Summary | 424 |
Bibliographical Note | 425 |
Institutions | 427 |
The Problem of Monitoring | 430 |
The Organization of Distrust | 434 |
Bibliographical Note | 442 |
Інші видання - Показати все
Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences Jon Elster Обмежений попередній перегляд - 2015 |
Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences Jon Elster Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2007 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
action alcohol altruistic argued argument assume backward induction bargaining behavior belief formation benefits better Bibliographical Note bicameralism Cambridge University Press cardinal utility causal cause Chapter choice choose cited claim consequences consider constitution cooperation cost decision desire discussed disulfiram drinking economic effect emotions equilibrium event example expected experiment explanandum explanation fact favor fear Figure folk psychology French game theory grim trigger hyperbolic discounting idea individuals induce instance intentional interaction interest investor irrational Kitty Genovese later less loss aversion magical thinking mechanism motivated mutation natural selection observed occur offer one’s opportunity optimal option outcome party payoff percent person player pluralistic ignorance political precommitment predict preferences present value probability proposal proverb punishment rational agent rational-choice reason reward risk rumors sense situation social norms social sciences strategy subjects suicide Suppose tendency theory Tocqueville triggered trust Ultimatum Game utility voting wishful thinking workers
Популярні уривки
Сторінка 172 - Extend the sphere and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens; or if such a common motive exists, it will be more difficult for all who feel it to discover their own strength and to act in unison with each other.
Сторінка 283 - By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention, v Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part of it.
Сторінка 321 - It is not a case of choosing those which, to the best of one's judgment, are really the prettiest, nor even those which average opinion genuinely thinks the prettiest. We have reached the third degree where we devote our intelligences to anticipating what average opinion expects the average opinion to be.
Сторінка 192 - For the purposes of a typological scientific analysis it is convenient to treat all irrational, affectually determined elements of behavior as factors of deviation from a conceptually pure type of rational action.
Сторінка 80 - From the other point of view, however, we see this same ego as a poor creature owing service to three masters and consequently menaced by three dangers: from the external world, from the libido of the id, and from the severity of the super-ego.
Сторінка 101 - State attachments and state importance have been the bane of this country. We cannot annihilate, but we may perhaps take out the teeth of the serpents. He wished our ideas to be enlarged to the true interest of man instead of being circumscribed within the narrow compass of a particular spot. And after all, how little can be the motive yielded by selfishness for such a policy! Who can say whether he himself, much less whether his children, will the next year be an inhabitant of this or that state?
Сторінка 213 - We talked of the education of children; and I asked him what he thought was best to teach them first. JOHNSON. "Sir, it is no matter what you teach them first, any more than what leg you shall put into your breeches first. Sir, you may stand disputing which is best to put in first, but in the mean time your breech is bare. Sir, while you are considering which of two things you should teach your child first, another boy has learnt them both.
Сторінка 271 - But, for our purpose, a form of Selection, which may be called Unconscious, and which results from every one trying to possess and breed from the best individual animals, is more important.
Сторінка 100 - Only one must not form the narrow-minded notion that the petty bourgeoisie, on principle, wishes to enforce an egoistic class interest. Rather, it believes that the special conditions of its emancipation are the general conditions within the frame of which alone modern society can be saved and the class struggle avoided.