NUS.

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ANTHROPOMOR

ANTHRE- The larvæ are found in skins and other dried animal substances, and are very destructive to museums. ANTHRIBUS, in Zoology, a genus of insects, of the ordre Coleoptera; family Bruchelæ. Generic PHITE character; antennæ clavate; the club ovate, abrupt, incrassated; ; eyes not emarginated; elytra covering the extremity of the abdomen; body short, oval, thick; thorax transverse, broader behind, lobated; rostrum short.

ANTHROPOLITES, a term denoting petrifications of the human body, as those of animals are called Zoolites.

ANTHROPOLOGY, from av@рwπоs, man, and Xoyos, a discourse, signifies any treatise upon human nature. In Theology, the term is used to denote a way of speaking of God, after the manner of men, by attributing to him human passions and affections.

ANTHROPOMORPHITE, }

From Ανθρωπος, ANTHROPOMORPHITISM. man; μopon, form, shape. One who believes God to have members, shape, and countenance, similar to those of man.

...

The doctrine of the Anthropomorphites, and the Euchitæ, proceeded from the literal sence of some texts of scripture. Taylor's Polem. Discourses.

1. We are not to conceive of God as having a body, or any corporeal shape or members. This was the gross conceit of the Anthropomorphites of old, and of some Socinians of late, which they ground upon the gross and literal interpretation of many figurative speeches in Scripture concerning God, as where it speaks of his face, hand, and arm, &c. But we are very unthankful to God, who condescends to represent himself to us according to our capacities, if we abuse this condescension to the blemish and reproach of the divine nature. If God be pleased to stoop to our weakness, we must not therefore level him to our infirmities.

Tillotson's Sermons, s. 2. b. 73. But because I know you are not much swayed by names and authorities, I shall endeavour to shew you, a little more distinctly, the inconveniences of that Anthropomorphism, which you have Hume's Dial. concerning Nat. Religion.

embraced.

In ecclesiastical history, Anthropomorphites were a sect of ancient heretics, who imagined God to be formed in the shape of a man. Locke seems to think that this prejudice is almost inherent in the mind: it was entertained by the whole sect of the Stoics, and examples of its influence may easily be traced, not only in the writings of many of the fathers, but also among modern divines. Other writers, however, have fallen into the opposite extreme; and supposed, that God is not only a stranger to human affections, such as pity, love, joy, &c., but that even the ideas of wisdom, justice, mercy, are different in the divine mind from what they are in our conceptions, not merely in degree, but even in kind. This opinion was embraced by Mr. Hume, and admitted by Archbishop King, though on different principles of reasoning; and has latterly received the sanction of a learned and able writer of the present day. If we consider wisdom and justice merely as affections of human nature, like pity, and joy, and love, it is undoubtedly easy to suppose that they are different, or even that they do not exist in the Divine mind. But if we refer them to the nature of things, and to the abstract principle of right and wrong, which is the commonly received standard, in that case the supposition is difficult, and would be of dangerous consequence: for it seems to admit the possibility, that the actions of men may hereafter be tried by laws, of which they could not be previously informed,

The eating of human flesh appears to have been a custom, which has always prevailed among different nations of the globe, though not always from the same incentive. M. Petit has written a learned dissertation, in which he discusses the history and origin of man eating. According to him, the reasonableness of the custom was maintained by the whole body of Stoical philosophers; and Sextus Empiricus conceived, that to prohibit the practice of it, was the original cause of the institution of laws. Usually, this practice has been exercised by nations upon the bodies of their enemies. The Massageti, however, as described by Herodotus, killed and ate those who were weak with age: but they buried their dead in the case of such as died from sickness. Garcilasso de la Vega mentions a people in Peru, who made eunuchs of their children, in order to fatten them for the table; and Herrera speaks of the markets in China as being regularly supplied with human flesh, which was considered as a delicacy, and only fitted for the rich. The history of Milan furnishes an extraordinary instance of Anthropophagia. A woman was broken on the wheel, and burnt in that town in the year 1519, whose crime was a long continued practice of enticing children into her house, whom she killed and salted.

ANTHYLLIS, in Botany, a genus of plants, class Diadelphia, order Decandria. Generic character. Calyx ventricose, 5 toothed, enclosing a small roundish legumen, which contains from one to three seeds.

This genus contains many species, most of which are natives of Europe. The A. Vulneraria, Kidney Vetch, or Lady's Finger, is frequently met with, in elevated situations, both in England and Scotland.

ANTIBACCHIUS, in ancient poetry, a foot, consisting of three syllables, of which the two first are long, and the third short.

ANTIBES, a sea-port of France, in the department of Var. The harbour is small. N. lat. 43° 50′. E long. 7° 9'.

Lytell chyldren, it is the last tyme, and as ye haue herde how that Antichrist shall come, euen now are there many begonne to be Antichrists allredy, wherby we knowe, yt is the last tyme. Bible, 1539.

If once that anti-christian crew Be crush'd and overthrown, We'll teach the nobles how to crouch, And keep the gentry down. Francis Quarles in Ellis, v. 3. p. 123. S. Paule saithe, that Antichriste, the man of sinne, shal sitte in the Temple of God: whereby no doubte he meante the Churche. Jewel's Defence of the Apologie.

By the help of Sergius and the rest, in contempt of the Olde and New Testament, he made his Antichristian Alcharon, wherein he forbade the beliefe and use of Holy Scriptures, commanding them to continue circumcision, and utterly to abolish baptisme.

Stow's Chronicles.

These lies become the basis of impious theoremes, which are certainly attended with ungodly lives; and then either Atheism or Antichristianism may come, according as shall happen in the conjunction of time and other circunstances. Taylor's Apology for Authorized and Set Forms of Liturgy, Pref.

Had he gratified, he thinks, antiepiscopal faction with his consent, and sacrific'd the church government and revenues to the fury of their covetousness, &c. an army had not bin raised.

Milton's Ans. to Eik. Basilike.

That pretended friends to the government, and real enemies to this constitution, no matter whether they are such by principle, or become such by their crimes, will get into superior power, in some future time, and under some weak or wicked prince: and when ever this happens, the subversion of our constitution, and of our liberty by consequence, will be the most easy enterprise imaginable; because nothing can be more easy, than the creation of an anticonstitutional dependancy of the two houses of parliament on the crown will be in that case.

Bolingbroke. On Parties.

Nothing can be more reasonable than to admit the nominal division of constitutionists and anticonstitutionists, or of a court and a country party, at this time, when an avowed difference of principles makes the distinction real.

Bolingbroke. On Parties. When the antichristian powers attack religious establishments by the sword they may and must be defended. Horsley's Sermons. ANTICHRIST, in Theology, is a word that frequently occurs in the New Testament; according to the different senses in which the Greek preposition is sometimes used, it may either signify Christi vicarius one who put himself in the place of Christ, or else, one who acts in opposition to Christ. In this last sense, in 1 John c. ii. v. 18, the word is applied to all false teachers; the Apostle says, even now there are many Antichrists;" and in the 22d verse of the same chapter, we are told that whoever denies "the Father and the Son," is Antichrist.

In the book of Revelations, however, the individual spoken of as the Antichrist, and who is doubtless the same as the man of sin, mentioned by St. Paul, 2 Thess. c. ii., seems to be described as a person who

ANTI

ANTICI

would not merely oppose Christ, but usurp his seat. The Bible seems to speak of him as of a single indi- CHRIST vidual; but most interpreters, both Protestant and Papist, appear to have understood the prophecy as PATE. pointing out some corruption in the Church, exhibited in the usurped power of a long series of individuals; and this they infer from the nature of the actions and effects attributed to him.

Who this individual, or this series of individuals is, or is to be, is a question about which the opinions of Theologians has been much divided. The general persuasion among Protestants has always been, that it is the Pope of Rome, who is the object of this celebrated prophecy; but the Papists themselves, interpret it of the persecutions which the church endured under the dominion of Imperial Rome.

Besides these two, which are respectively the popular opinions among Protestants and Papists, there are several other interpretations that are, in some degree, peculiar to individuals.

Some have supposed that Antichrist is the devil, others that he is to be begotten of the devil; others again, (and this has not been an uncommon opinion) that he is to be a Jew of the tribe of Dan.

Le Clerc, in his exposition of St. Paul 2 Thess. c. ii., appears to believe that Simon, the son of Gioras, (mentioned by Josephus), and the rebel Jews who followed him, were to be considered as Antichrist. Dr. Hammond contends, that Simon Magus, and his disciples the gnostics, were the Antichrist. See his Paraph, and Annot. on 2 Thess. c. ii. The belief of Dr.

Whitby was, that we must look to the Jewish nation, and to the Sanhedrim for the interpretation of this prophecy. Lightfoot thinks that Antichrist consists of three branches; and that the term may justly be applied to Judaism, Pagan Rome, and Popery. Oper. tom. II. p. 122. The newest opinion is that of Faber; who, in his dissertation on the prophecies, regards revolutionary France, as the true object of this prediction. It may here be noticed, that among the early fathers, it is often stated that a peculiar mark of Antichrist was to be, that while he subverted the true worship, he would yet not lead the world into idolatry, ουκ εις ειδωλατρείαν αξει εκείνος, αλλ' αντίθεος τις εσται "it will be some person, who will not lead men into idolatry, but will nevertheless be an enemy to God." Chrys. Hom. III. in II. ad Thess. de Antichristo. Theophylact in II. ad Thess. uses nearly the same words. Cyrillus says in like manner, μελλει τα ιδωλα μισεῖν ὁ Αντιχριστος, Antichrist will hold idolatry in aversion." Jun. Catec. Illum xi. Accordingly, some have supposed that the prophecy looked to Mahometanism, which many think to be upon the whole, as unobjectionable an interpretation of the words of Scripture as any that have been named.

ANTICHTHON, a term used by the Pythagoreans to denote a supposed earth on the opposite side of the sun, invisible to us from the interposition of that luminary.

ANTICHTHONES, in Geography, are those nations who inhabit countries diametrically opposite to each other.

ANTICIPATE,ANTICIPATION, ANTICIPATORY,

Anticipo, from ante, before, and capio, to take.

To take beforehand, by fore

ANTICI thought or prejudgement; by foretaste, or presentiPATE. ment.

ANTICI PATION.

To prepossess, to prejudge, to prevent, to preclude. The Erles of Marche and Warwicke, and other beyng at Calice, had knowledge of all these doynges, and secrete conuenticles: wherfore to anticipate and preuent the Dukes purpose, they sent Jhon Dinham the ualiaunt esquire, with a small numbre of men, but with a multitude of couragious hartes, to the toune of Sand

wyche, whiche sodainly entered the same, and tooke the Lord

Rivers in his bedde, and his sonne also.

Hall. Henry VI. fo. 176. c. 1. Some clown's coarse lungs will poison thy sweet flower,

If by the careless plough thou shalt be torn;

And many Herods lie in wait each hour,

To murder thee as soon as thou art born.
Nay, force thy bud to blow, their tyrant breath,
Anticipating life, to hasten death.

Sir Richard Fanshaw, in Ellis, v. iii. p. 221. This payment was called an anticipation, which is to say a thing taken or a thing comyng before his tyme or season. This terme was new to ye cominaltie, but thei payd wel for their learnying, for their money was paied out of hand wout delay.

Hall. Henry VIII.
AGA. Here art thou in appointment fresh and faire,
Anticipating time. With starting courage,
Giue with thy Trumpet a loud note to Troy
Thou dreadfull Aiax, that the appaulled aire
May pierce the head of the great combatant,
And hale him hither.

Shakespeare's Troylus and Cressida. It must therefore be your part, we offering, and you accepting the league, to begin with them, and to anticipate plotting, rather than to counterplot against them. Hobbes's Thucydides. Prophecy, being an anticipatory history, it is sufficient that it speak according to the usual language of historians.

More, Seven Churches, Pref. a. 5.

To light created in the first day, God gave no proper place or fixation; and therefore the effects named by anticipation (which was to seperate day from night) were precisely preformed, after this light was congregated and had obtained life and motion.

Raleigh's Hist. of the World.

ANTICIPATION, in logic, is used to denote a preconception; in the Epicurean philosophy, it signifies the first idea or definition of any thing; in medicine, it is used to express the appearance of symptoms at an early period of disease, which in the regular course of it would have appeared later; in music, a sound is said to be anticipated, when a composer wishes a note to be heard before its time in plain counterpoint; in rhetoric, anticipation is the same figure as prolepsis. This word, however, is used by some writers, and particularly by Lord Bacon, as synonymous with hypothesis; and one principal object of his celebrated work, the Novum Organon, was to expose the futility of this method of philosophy, and to substitute a better, which he calls the Interpretation of Nature, in its stead. The effect of Bacon's writings in bringing men to a more sober spirit in the prosecution of scientifical researches, was strikingly exemplified in the rapid progress which was made in almost every kind of knowledge, as soon as philosophers had em

ANTICK

braced the advice, which is so eloquently and power- ANTICI
fully urged on this subject, in his Instauratio Magna PATION
Scientiarum. It is therefore no derogation from the
wisdom of his remarks, that there are upon record,
several remarkable exceptions to his general assertion,
that "if all the wits of all ages were to meet in one,
and confer their endeavours, never could any great
progress be made in science by anticipation," I.
30.
The circulation of the blood was anticipated
by Hartley, previous to the actual discovery of that
great fact; and to advert to instances of smaller mo-
ment, the combustibility of the diamond was antici-
pated by Newton; who, having found that media
which are inflammable, have a remarkably high re-
fractive power; and observing that a diamond re-
fracted much more than in proportion to its density,
was led to conjecture that its substance would be
found to be combustible, as has since been demon-
strated by experiment. A similar conjecture, and
founded upon the same analogy, was formed by
Newton respecting water, which he predicted would
be found to contain some inflammable ingredient;
which likewise has been completely confirmed by the
discoveries of modern chemistry. One of the most
remarkable proofs, however, that discoveries in na-
tural philosophy, may sometimes be rightly antici-
pated, will be found in Bacon's own works; in which
not only is the doctrine of gravitation plainly antici-
pated, but the very experiment recommended, by
which the truth of the fact might be, and has been
ascertained. It is necessary, he says, that heavy
bodies tend to the centre of the earth, either by their
own nature, or else that they be drawn and attracted,
(attrahantur et rapiantur), to the great mass of matter
in the earth, by some secret sympathy or consent. If
this should be true, he goes on to observe, it will
needs happen, that the further bodies are removed
from the earth, the more slow will be their motion to-
wards it; so that, if they could be raised to a sufficient
height above the earth, they would at length remain
pensile and motionless. In order to ascertain the
fact, he directs us to take a clock, whose motion de-
pends upon a weight, and to place it on some high
its rate of motion, to take it into a mine; if it goes
mountain, or other elevation; then having watched
slower in the former case than in the other, it will be
clear, he says, that the cause of weight, is the attrac-
tion of the great mass of matter; recipiatur pro causâ
ponderis, attractio a massâ corporæâ terrâ. Nov. Org.
lib. ii.

AN'TICK,v. Probably Antique. To have the od-
ANTICK, N. dity, the singularity of that which is
AN'TICK, adj.antique.
AN'TICKLY, To resemble, to imitate, to assume
ANTICKNESS, the odd forms or shapes of the an-
tique. And then, To be odd, singular, fantastick.

At the entrying into the palace before the gate, on the plaine greene was buylded a fountaine of embowed worke, gylte with fyne

golde, and bice, ingrayled wyth anticke workes, the olde god of wyne called Baccus birlying the wyne, which by the conduytes in the earth ranne to alle people plentiously with red, white, and

claret wine.

ANT

Much favrer then the former was that roome,
And richlier, by many parts, arayd;

For not with arras made in painefull loome,
But with pure gold it all was overlayd,

Wrought with wilde antickes which their follies playd
In the rich metall, as they living were.

Spenser's Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 12.

Behold distraction, frenzie, and amazement,
Like witlesse antickes one another meete,
And all cry Hector, Hector's dead: O Hector!

He charme the ayre to give a sound
While you performe your antique round;
That this great king may kindly say,
Our duties did our welcome pay.

Shakespeare's Macbeth.

This towne [Renchester] is farre more ancient than Hereford, it standeth on the same side of the river Wie, and three miles or more above Hereford, and was in the Romans' time, as appeareth by many things, especially by antike mony of the Caesars very often found within the towne, and in plowing thereabout, the which, the people there calleth dwarfe money.

Stow's Chronicle.

In Shrove-tide, 1556, sir Thomas Pope made for the ladie Elizabeth all at his own costes, a great and rich maskinge in the great halle at Hatfielde; wher the pageaunts were marvellously furnished. There were thar twelve minstrels antickly disguised; with forty-six or more gentlemen and ladies.

T. Warton's Life of Sir T. Pope.

In painting and sculpture, the word antics is used to signify any figures, whether of birds, fishes, or flowers, that have no existence in nature; in Architecture, any figures placed as mere ornaments of a building are called by this name.

ANTICLIMAX, from avτ against, and μağ, gradation, in Rhetoric, is a figure to signify the progress of a discourse or description from great to little. In serious writing, it is commonly a fault in composition; as in these lines of Waller :

Under the Tropics is our language spoke, And part of Flanders hath received our yoke. Considered, however, as a figure of rhetoric, the proper use of it is to render something small more strikingly so by contrast; as in Horace," parturiunt montes, nascitur ridiculus mus."

ANTICOSTI, in Geography, a barren island near the mouth of the St. Lawrence, frequented for its woods, and for the abundance of cod that is found on its shores.

ANTICUM, in Architecture, a porch before a door, also that part of a temple which lies between the body of the temple and the portico, called the outer temple. ANTICÝRA, in Ancient Geography, now Aspro Spitia, a city of Phocis, on the Gulf of Corinth, celebrated for its hellebore, for which it was resorted to

This genus is principally confined to the East Indies. ANTIDICOMARIANITES, from avridikos, an adversary, and Mapia, a sect in. Ecclesiastical History, who believed that the Virgin Mary, after the birth of our Saviour, was the mother of several children.

ANTIDOSIS was an institution of Solon; the object of which was to relieve those who considered themselves as unequally affected by the public burthens. There were certain charges in the Athenian commonwealth, called Aerovpai, the expense of which devolved wholly upon wealthy individuals. If any person appointed to undergo one of these Metrovрiai or duties, could find another citizen of better substance than himself, who was free from any similar burthen, in that case the complainant was excused. But in case the person thus substituted in the other's place denied himself to be the richest, then they exchanged estates; which was effected according to certain prescribed forms. The word comes from αντι and διδωμι, I give.

AN'TIDOTE,n.
ANTIDOTE, V.
ANTI DOTAL,
ANTIDOTALLY,

MAC. Canst thou

AVTICOTOV, from av, against, doTov, given, from didw, to give. That which is given against, or as a remedy or preventive.

With some sweet oblivious antidote, Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff

That weighs upon the heart?

Shakespeare's Macbeth, v. 3. Particular discontents and grievances are either of body, minde, or fortune, which, as they wound the soul of man, produce this

melancholy, and many great inconveniences, by that antidote of good counsell and perswasion may be eased or expelled. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.

The last quære remains, of the virtue of this [unicorn's] horn, which some exalt so high, that it is not only antidotal to several venomes and substances destructive by their qualities, which we can command ourselves to believe; but also that it resisteth poysons which kill by second qualities, that is, by corrosion of parts. Fuller's Worthies. London.

This [the tooth of a sea-horse] in northern regions is of frequent use for hafts of knives, or hilts of swords, and being burnt becomes a good remedy for fluxes: but antidotally used, and exposed for vnicorn's horn, it is an insufferable delusion.

Brown's Vulgar Errours.

To wake thy dead devotion was my point;
And how I bless night's consecrating shades,
Which to a temple turn an universe;
Fill us with great ideas, full of heaven,
And antidote the pestilential earth.

Young's Complaint. Night ix.

ANTICY

RA.