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ANIMOSITY.

ANIMAL When the horse stands at his ease, this position of the STRENGTH. traces is rather inclined upwards, from the direction of the road; but when he leans forward to draw the load, the traces should then become nearly parallel to the plane over which the carriage is to be drawn; or, if he be employed in drawing a sledge, or any thing without wheels, the inclination of the traces with the road, supposing it to be horizontal, should be about 184°, see (art. 159) DYNAMICS; and even when wheels are employed, as we cannot conceive friction to be wholly destroyed, it is obvious, that a slight inclination from the parallel position of the traces upwards would be rather advantageous than the contrary; although it is difficult, if not impossible, to estimate the degree of that inclination.

forse in a

ircular

ath.

What we have said above is with reference only to one horse; when several are harnessed together in a line so as all to draw at the same load, and the slope on which they are drawing changes, we must resolve the line of direction of each horse into two others, the one parallel and the other perpendicular to the plane of the carriage, and thus estimate the ultimate result; but this consideration leading to little or no practical deductions, we shall not insist upon in this place, but refer the reader who is desirous of following the investigation, to the work of Prony, before referred to, or to Gregory's Mechanics, vol. ii.

28. We shall here only further observe, that when a horse is made to move in a circular path, as is often practised in mills and other machines, it is requisite to give to the circle which the animal has to walk round, the greatest diameter that is consistent with the local and other conditions to which the motion must be subjected. It is obvious, indeed, that since a rectilinear motion is the most easy for the horse, the less the line in which he moves is curved the greater will be the ease with which he will effect his purpose. Experiment has shown, that in the cases to which we have above alluded, although a horse may draw in a circle of 18 feet diameter, it will be much better if the diameter be extended to 25 or 30 feet, and even

40 feet diameter would be preferable to either of the ANIMAL former.

STRENGTH.

ANISUM.

and others.

29. Desaguliers states, in the 1st volume of his Experimental Philosophy, that a horse employed daily in drawing nearly horizontal, can move, during eight hours Power of a in the day, about 200 lbs., at the rate of about 2 miles horse estian hour, or 3 feet per second. If the weight be aug- mated by mented to about 240 lbs., or 250lbs., the horse cannot Desaguliers move more than six hours in the day, and that with less velocity. And, in both cases, if he carry some weight, he will draw better than if he carried none. Sauveur estimates the mean effort of a horse at 175 lbs. French, or 189lbs. English avoirdupoise, with a velocity of rather more than two feet per second. But these are all probably too high to be continued for eight hours. In another place Desaguliers states the mean work of a horse as equivalent to raising a hogshead of water 50 feet high in a minute. But Smeaton, who examined every circumstance connected with his profession with great accuracy, reduces this effect to a height of 40 feet. And by certain experiments, made before the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, it was concluded that, a horse moving with a velocity of three miles per hour, can continue to exert a force of 80 lbs. But we do not find these experiments detailed at sufficient length to give us much satisfactory information on the subject. Indeed, it is an investigation so extremely difficult to carry on with mathematical accuracy, that we are not surprised to find so great a variety of opinions; much necessarily depends upon the size, strength, and condition of the horse, the opinion of the person making the experiment, as to what the animal is capable of performing, and the time that he may be employed; so that little correct information is, perhaps, to be expected on this point; but with regard to the mechanical advantage or disadvantage of the direction in which his power is applied, this is a subject which comes fairly within the province of Mechanics, and may be determined with all the precision appertaining to that branch of science, and on the principles illustrated in our treatise of Dynamics.

ANIMALLY, or ANIMALAYA (Elephant-hill), a town in the district of Coimbetoor, Hindostan, on the west side of the river Alima, 18 miles from Coimbetoor, and 35 from Daraporum. Great numbers of elephants are found in the neighbourhood. It consists of about 400 houses. ANIME, a resinous substance which is procured from the Hymenæa Courbaril of Linnæus, a tree found in New Spain, the Brazils, &c. A superior kind is sometimes imported from the east. ANIME is also an Heraldic term for the blazoning of the eyes of ferocious animals, otherwise called incensed.

ANIMOS'ITY, Lat. Animosus, from Anima, met.

Spirit.

Fulness, warmth of spirit; vehemence of passion. Applied where the passion is malevolent.

How apt nature is, even in those who profess an eminence in holiness, to raise and maintain animosities against those, whose calling or person they pretend to find cause to dislike.

Bp. Hall's Letter of Apology.

You shall hear them pretending to bewail the animositics kept up

between the Church of England and Dissenters, where the differences in opinion are so few and inconsiderable; yet, these very sons of

VOL. XVII.

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ANINGA, in Commerce, a root, the produce of the Caribbee islands, which is a valuable substitute for the arsenic formerly used in the refinement of sugar.

ANIO, or ANIEN, in Ancient Geography, a river of Italy, now the Teverone, supposed to have received its name from Anius, king of Etruria, being drowned in its waters; and which falls into the Tiber, five miles north of Rome. PLIN. iii. 12. VIRG. Æn. vii. 683, &c.

ANISUM, or ANISE-SEED, in Botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class Pentandria, and order Digynia. A distilled water, and essential oil are procured from the seeds of this plant; which are also used without preparation as a stomachic.

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ANJENGO, a town and fortress of Hindostan, in Travancore, from which place it is distant 40 miles, and 70 from Cape Comorin. The fort was built by the English, in the year 1695; and this place commands the pepper market of the country. The native inhabitants of the town are described as extremely rude and unpolished, and the place abounds with noxious reptiles. Towards the latter end of the seventeenth century, a most cruel and barbarous massacre of the English settlers, by the Moplays, took place here, during a visit of ceremony which they paid to the queen of the Autinga.

ANJOU, an ancient province of France, now divided into the departments of the Maine and Loire, the Loire Inferieure, the Vendée, the Indre and Loire, the Sarthe, the Ille and Vilaine, the Mayenne, and the Deux Sevres. The entire district contains about 256 French square miles, and is watered by upwards of forty rivers. When it formed a distinct province, it was divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower Anjou. The lands of this district are very fruitful in all sorts of grain, fruits, hemp, and flax; there are also excellent pastures and rich vineyards. A considerable portion of the wine produced from the latter is distilled into brandy, which finds its principal markets at Nantes and Paris. Anjou contains likewise mines of coal (which are not, however, very productive from the awkward situation of the strata), lead, and tin; and several marble quarries. The manufactures are camlets, serges, wax, glass, saltpetre, refined sugar, leather, light stuffs of various kinds, and paper. The chief town is Angers, and the population was taken, prior to the revolution, at upwards of 90,000 families.

ANKER, or ANCHOR, in Commerce, a liquid mea-
sure used in Holland, principally at Amsterdam. It
is the fourth part of an awn, containing two stekans,
or thirty-two mengles, the mengle being equivalent to
two pints, Paris measure.

ANKLAM, an important town of Sweden, in Pome.
rania, 36 miles from Stralsund. It is the chief town
of the circle of the same name. Here are two
churches, three hospitals, and an endowed grammar-
school. The minister of the church of St. Nicholas, is
superintendant of the Anklam synod. The harbour of
Anklam is well adapted for commerce; there are se-
veral yearly fairs or markets here, which are much
frequented, and some flourishing woollen and stuff
manufactories. In the year 1720, it was ceded to
Prussia by the Swedes; and in 1762, its fortifications
were entirely destroyed during the seven years war of
Frederic the Great. It belongs at present to Sweden.
Population 4,000.
AN'KLE, n.
AN'KLED,

A.S. Ancleop, Ger. Enckel, which
Wachter thinks is the diminutive
S
of Anke; the bone at the bottom of
the leg, by which it rests upon the foot.

AN'KLE-BONE.

As Haunch is the part by which the lower limbs are

hankyd or hanged (from Hangan, A. S.) upon the body
or trunk, so Ancle-bone may be the bone by which the
foot is hankyd or hanged to the leg.

And he toke hym by the ryght hande, & lyfte hym vp. And im- ANKLE
mediatly his fete and ancle-bones receaued stregth.
Bible, 1539, Actes iii.

These manacles upon my arm
I, as my mistress' favours, wear;
And for to keep my ancles warm,

NIECE.

SIR GR.

I have some iron shackles there.

Loyalty confined. Percy's Reliques, v. ii. p. 335. a tolerable man,

Now I distinctly read him.

Hum, hum, hum.

NIECE.

Say he be black, he's of a very good pitch,
Well ankled, two good confident calves.

Beaumont and Fletcher. Wit at several Weapons.

muscular arrangement, is so decisive a mark of intention, that it
always appeared to me, to supersede, in some measure, the neces-
sity of seeking for any other observation upon the subject: and
that circumstance is, the tendons, which pass from the leg to the
foot, being bound down by a ligament at the ancle.
Paley's Natural Theology, 156.
ANKOBER, the capital town of the province of
Efat, in Abyssinia. It is the residence of a prince,
who has rendered himself entirely independent."

The next circumstance which I shall mention, under this head of

ANN,ST. a river of North America, in Lower Canada, which rises in the mountains of Quebec. Thence flowing in a southerly direction for some miles, it strikes off to the S. E. and after a course of 70 miles, falls into the St. Lawrence. It is 400 yards broad at its mouth; but the navigation is much impeded by rapid falls. On the eastern bank, near its mouth, there is a village of this name, and at its entrance into the St. Lawrence, are the fertile islands St. Margaret, St. Ignace, Dutarge, and Durable. There is also another river of this name, flowing from the north, and falling into the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Orleans, Also a lake in Upper Canada, N. of Lake Superior, which empties itself into the James's bay, through the waters of Albany river.

ANN, ST. a town of Parana, in South America, in the eastern division of Paraguay. It is the chief town of the province.

ANN, CAPE, a small town of North America, in the state of Massachusetts, 20 miles from Boston.

ANN, FORT, a fort of North America, in the state of New York, at the head of the Batteaux navigation, on Wood creek; 10 miles from Fort George, and 12 from Fort Edward, on the Hudson, or North river.

ANN ARUNDEL, a county of Maryland, United States, lying between the rivers Patuxent and Patapsco, N.W. of the Chesapeak. Annapolis is the capital.

ANN, ANNAT, or ANNATES, an ecclesiastical tax of the value of every spiritual benefice for one year, which the pope formerly levied throughout Christendom, on issuing bulls to the new incumbent. Its origin is very obscure; some writers have traced it to Anthonine, bishop of Ephesus, in the fifth century, who imposed a tax of this kind on all the prelates he consecrated. According to Hume, it was first levied in England, by Clement V., in the reign of Edward I.; but Blackstone ascribes the introduction of this impost to the usurpation of Pandulph, the pope's legate, in

the reigns of King John and Henry III. In the exchequer is still preserved a valuation of them, by commission, from Nicholas III., A. D. 1292. At this period, however, they would appear to have been but partially In the name of Jesus Chryst of Nazareth, ryse vp and walke. levied, principally in the see of Norwich. Blackstone

ANN, ST.

ANN.

AN-
ALIS.

agrees with Mr. Hume, that it was only in the time of Clement V. that they were first attempted to be made universal in England. Though, strictly, the annates was only to amount to a year' income of the new incumbent, it frequently was increased by the efforts of the papal agents, and their accessibility to the intrigues of the clergy, to much more than the actual value; while, in other cases, it was comprised for much less. In the reign of Henry VIII. it was transferred by statute to the king, and regularly received by the crown, under the name of first fruits, until the time of Queen Anne, when the entire amount of this tax was appropriated to the augmentation of poor livings, under the name of Queen Anne's Bounty. See FIRST FRUITS. In Scotland, the ann, or annat, is a half year's income of the benefice enjoyed by the widow, children, or representatives of a deceased clergyman. If he die without children, the widow receives one half of the annat, and the nearest relatives of the deceased the other; if there are children, she receives one-third, and they two-thirds; if children only are left, they obtain the entire amount.

ANNA, or ANA, in Arabia Deserta. See ANA. ANNA, in Ancient Geography, the name of a town in the Holy Land, N. of Jericho, called by Josephus, Aina. Also a town of Lydia, sometimes written Anaia. ANNA LIFFEY, or LIFFEN, a river of Ireland, which runs in the county of Wicklow; and passing through Kildare, runs through the Leinster aqueduct, under the grand canal, and falls in a cascade down the rock of Leixlip. Thence pursuing its course, it passes through the county and city of Dublin, and finally empties its waters into the Dublin bay.

ANNABERG, ST. a town of Saxony, in the circle of the Erzgeberg, in Misnia, 21 miles from Freyberg, and 36 from Dresden, with a population of about 4,500 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the mines, which have long been famous in the neighbourhood: but they are said to be now nearly exhausted. The manufacture of lace also employs a great number of women in this town. Here are a mint-office, a public academy, an orphan-house, and a very large machine for the twisting of red silk. Not far from the town there is an immense basaltic rock, called the Pilberg; the Schreckenberg, another hill in the vicinity, at one time contained a mine of silver, now disused. A great part of the town was burnt down in the year 1731. ANNABON. See ANNOBON.

ANNAH, a well-built town of Turkey, in Asia, in the government of Bagdad, situated on the E. bank of the river Euphrates, about 150 miles from Bagdad.

ANNALE, in some authors of the middle ages, has the same meaning with anniversarium; that is, a day held yearly in commemoration of the dead. But it is more peculiarly applicable to the masses for the dead celebrated for a year.

ANNALES, in old writers, is a term used to denote yearlings, or young cattle of a year old.

ANNALES LIBRI, in the Civil Law, are books containing the whole proceedings and acts of a year, in which it stands in opposition to semestres libri, which contain the constitution and acts of six months.

ANNALIS BACULI, a kind of almanack made of wood, used by our forefathers, who denominated them clogs, or rumstocks.

ANNALIS CLAVUS, in Antiquity, the nail which hte

AN

ANNA

dictator, consul, or prætor drove annually into the temple of Jupiter, upon the ides of September, to mark NALIS, the number of years. ANNALIS LEX, in Antiquity, a Roman law, appoint- MOOKA. ing the age at which a citizen should be eligible to exercise any office of state. This law was brought from Athens by the tribune L. Villius, on which account himself and posterity were distinguished by the surname of Annalis. Liv. xl. c. 43. QUINTIL. vi. 86. AN'NALIZE, v.) Lat. Annalis, from Annus, a ANʼNALIST, year.

AN'NAL.

To recite events chronologically, in the years in which they happened.

For among so many writers there hath yet none to my knowledge published any full, playne and meere Englishe historie. For some of them of purpose meaning to write short notes in maner of Annales commonly called Abridgementes, rather touch the tymes when things were done, then declare the maner of the doyngs. Grafton. Epistle to Sir Wm. Cecil.

The miracle is deserving a Baronius to annalize it.
Sheldon, on Antichrist.

He that can prevail with himself to believe this, I do not see why he may not as well admit, that if there were made innumerable figures of the one and twenty letters, in gold, suppose, or any other metal, and these well shaken and mixed together, and thrown down from some high place to the ground, they when they lighted upon the earth, would be so disposed and ranked, that a man might see and read in them Ennius's Annals.

Ray's Wisdom of God in the Creation. The rapid progress of conquest, which we so much admire in ancient history, was here renewed in modern annals. Hume's History of England.

write, the kingdom of Kent and Essex. But the Saxon annalist, He [Ethelwolf] gave to Ethelstan his brother, or son, as some

and Sussex, were bequeathed to Ethelstan by Ecbert his father. whose authority is elder, saith plainly, that both these countries Milton's Hist. of England.

Goddesse, should I from their original
Our sufferings tell, should you give eare to all
The Annals of our toyles; approaching Night
First in Olympus would inclose the light.

Sandys. Virgil's Eneis, book i.
Could you with Patience peace, or I relate,
O Nymph! the tedious Annals of our Fate!
Thro' such a train of Woes if I shou'd run,
The day would sooner than the tale be done!

Dryden.

ANNAMABOE, a town of Africa, on the gold coast, formerly the great market of the slave trade. It is a strongly fortified place, having a port, which, in 1808, with only a British garrison of 30 men, withstood the attacks of 20,000 Ashantees, who were compelled to raise the siege and retire.

ANNAMOOKA, or ROTTERDAM, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, being one of those called the Friendly islands, in W. lon. 174°, 38', and S. lat. 20o. It was discovered in the year 1643 by the celebrated Dutch navigator, Tasman, and has been frequently visited by Europeans since. Captain Cook was here in 1774, and again in 1777; Captain Bligh, in the Bounty, in 1789, and Captain Edwards twice in the year 1791. It is of a triangular form, from 10 to 12 miles round, and of similar character and productions with the whole group of the FRIENDLY ISLANDS, which see. In the centre is a large salt water lake. The shores of this island are often dangerous to reach for the sand-banks and islets which surround them; but the ships, in passing, generally call for wood, of which,

ANNAPOLIS.

and various useful vegetables, this island ANNA- and of yams MOOKA. contains a great abundance. There is one tree here, however, called by the natives Faitanoo, of which the navigator should be warned. It is a species of pepper, and so inflammatory to the eyes and any of the part of the body with which it comes in contact, that the most violent effects have frequently been produced by the attempting to cut it down. The inhabitants of this island are extremely rapacious, and of a more licentious disposition than those of the rest of the group. ANNAN, a sea-port town of Scotland, in the county of Dumfries, situated on a river of the same name, and the capital of Annandale. It is 14 miles from Dumfries, and 56 from Edinburgh; the borough contains a population of about 2,500, but the entire parish upwards of 3,300 inhabitants. This is a royal burgh, and sends a member to parliament in conjunction with Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Lochmaben, and Sanquhar. The harbour is good, and the port has 16 vessels belonging to it, many of which are employed in the country trade, and in the salmon fishery, at the mouth of the river, across which there is a bridge of five arches, near the town. There is a cotton manufacture at Annan, driven by water, and many weavers in the adjoining new village of Bridekirk. Annan was, as is supposed, a Roman station, several coins and other antiquities having been dug up on both sides the river. In later times, the town was a considerable resort of the border warriors and robbers; and there are still to be seen the ruins of a castle, built by the ancestors of the celebrated King Robert Bruce, who acquired it, together with the neighbouring territory, as a fief. The river Annan, which contains abundance of salmon and trout, rises in the county of Peebles, and flowing through Dumfriesshire, falls into the Solway Frith, after a course of about 30 miles.

ANNANDALE, a district or stewartry, on the banks of the above river, about 30 miles in length, and from 15 to 18 in breadth. It is but partially cultivated, but contains abundant evidence of its former importance. During the Roman domination, it was comprehended in the province of Valentia. Numerous fortresses were also erected upon it by the borderers, both English

and Scotch.

ANNAPOLIS, a town of North America, on the river Severn, in the state of Maryland, of which it is the capital. It is at present a small but thriving city, advantageously situated on the borders of the Chesapeak bay; and the inhabitants are, for the most part, reckoned wealthy. The state-house is in the centre of the town, from which well-built streets branch off in all directions. Distant 30 miles S. of Baltimore, and 32 E. by N. of Washington.

ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, originally called Port Royal, by the French, is a handsome town of Nova Scotia, standing at the mouth of a small river of the same name, and having one of the finest natural ports in the world. The basin is large enough to contain several hundred ships, being two miles in length by about one broad; nor has it anywhere less than four or five fathoms of water; in most places six or seven; and on one side as much as 18 fathoms. In the centre is Goat island, which, with the mouth of the harbour, is frequently enveloped in fogs. There is a fort here, manned by about 100 men. The city has some excellent houses, but is at present rather small in extent. It was origi

nally founded under the name of Severn, by the ANNAremains of an army settled here in the reign of Queen POLIS, Anne. The French occupied it for a short time about the year 1605; but they were driven out of it by the English. The county of this name, which lies on the banks of the river Annapolis, contains five townships.

ANNE, ST. of Sleswick Holstein, a Russian order, instituted in the year 1738 by the czar Charles VI. The motto of the order is "Amantibus justitiam pietatem fidem;" and its badge, four large rubies set in gold, the angles between the cross set with diamonds, and on the centre a medallion with the figure of St. Anne.

ANNE, ST. the name of a port on the eastern coast of Cape Breton island. Also the name of one of the principal towns in the province of New Brunswick. ANNEAL', v. A. S. An-ælan, ælan, to heat, to ANNEALING. burn.

Assub, he saith, is thilke same,

The whiche in sondrie place is founde,
Whan it is fall downe to grounde
So as the fire it hath aneled,

Like vnto slime, whiche is congeled.

Gower. Con. A. book vii. It is much suspected aneyling of glass, especially of yellow, is lost in our age, as to the perfection thereof.

Fuller's Worthies, Kent.

So faultless was the frame, as if the whole
Had been an emanation of the soul;
Which her own inward symmetry reveal'd,
And like a picture shone, in glass anneal'd.

Dryden's Epitaph. xii. ANNEALING, or NEALING. See USEFUL ARTS, Div. ii.

ANNECY, or ANNECI, a town of the duchy of Genevois, the largest of all the Savoy part of the duchy, of which it is the capital. It is 30 miles from Chamberry, in a delightful country, at the extremity of a lake of the same name, on the road between Chamberry and Geneva, and contains a population of about 3,440 inhabitants. The canal of Thioux runs through the town, in its passage from the lake to the river Sier. The lake of Annecy is about 12 miles in length, and above two in breadth. It is principally formed of the snows of the Alps, which rush into it in copious streams, and is very deep and cold.

ANNERY, one of the Asiatic tribes of the desert W. of Palmyra, who rear some of the noblest horses of those regions, and perhaps of the world.

ANNEX

ANNET, one of the Scilly isles, about a mile from St. Agnes. It is at present entirely uninhabited; but the foundations of buildings are sometimes to be seen at low water, besides several stone basons; these are conjectured, but without any certain authority, to be Druidical remains.

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NIHIATE.

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I made these wars for Egypt :-and the queen,
Whose heart I thought I had, for she had mine,
Which whilst it was mine, had annex't unto't
A million more now lost. She, Eros, has
Pack'd cards with Cæsar, and false playd my glory
Unto an enemy's triumph.

Shakespeare's Ant. and Cleo. act iv. sc. 12.

He [Satan] hath endeavoured to make the world believe, that he was God himself; and failing of his first attempt to be but like the highest in heaven, he hath obtained with men, to be the same on earth. And hath accordingly assumed the annexes of divinity. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

My worthy kinsman, Mr. Samuel Barton, archdeacon of Gloucester, knowing in how good terms I stood at court, and pitying the miserable condition of his native church of Wolverhampton, was very desirous to engage me in so difficult and noble a service, as the redemption of that captivated church. For which cause he importuned me to move some of my friends, to solicit the dean of Windsor, who by an ancient annexation is patron thereof, for the grant of a particular prebend, when it should fall vacant in that church. Bp. Hall's Account of Himself.

And lo! behold these talents of their hair,
With twisted metal amorously impleach'd,
I have received from many a several fair,
With the annexions of fair gems enrich'd.

Shakespeare's Lover's Complaint,
It is a massie wheele

Fixt on the sommet of the highest mount, To whose huge spoakes, ten thousand lesser things Are mortiz'd and adioyn'd: which when it falles, Each small annexment, pettie consequence Attends the boystrous ruine. Id. Hamlet, act ii. Industry hath annexed thereto, by divine appointment and promise, the fairest fruits, and the richest rewards.

Barrow's Sermons.

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mihilate and frustrate.

Spirits that live throughout
Vital in every part, not as frail man
In entrails, heart or head, liver or reins,
Cannot but by annihilating die.

Id. Ib. fo. 189.

Milton's Par. Lost, book vi. In vain, therefore, dost thou seek to delude me with these pretences of indemnity and annihilation; since it cannot but stand

with the mercy and justice of the Almighty, to dispose of every soul according to what they have been, and what they have done.

Bp. Hall's Satan's Fiery Darts Quenched.

It must in reason be supposed, that this Jupiter or Universal Numen of the world, was honoured by these stoics far above all their other particular gods; he being acknowledged by them to have been the maker or creator of them as well as the whole world; and the only eternal and immortal God; all those other gods, as hath been already declared, being as well corruptible, mortal, and annihilable; as they were generated or created.

Cudworth's Intellectual System. Though the military spirit had been long extinct in the eastern empire, and adespotism of the worst species had annihilated almost every public virtue, yet Constantinople, having never felt the de

structive rage of the barbarous nations, was the greatest, as well as ANNIHIthe most beautiful city in Europe Robertson's State of Europe.

If it be allowed then that space is a substance, it is either created or increated. Surely it cannot be a created substance, because we cannot conceive it possible to be created, since we cannot conceive it as non-existent and creatable, which may be conceived concerning every created being. Nor can we conceive it properly as annihilated or annihilable, which we may suppose of every creature. Watts's Phil. Essays.

ANNIHILATION, in a theological sense, is, perhaps, as difficult to human comprehension as creation itself, its opposite. Hence, among the profoundest philosophers of the heathen world, neither idea seems to have been brought into discussion, for a real First Cause teaches that a succession of annihilations has already was no part of their system. The Brahminical faith taken place in the material system of the universe; and will continue, at intervals, eternally. The Siamese consider personal annihilation the greatest possible reward of virtue.

Among Christian writers, the subject of annihilation has been a fruitful source of controversy. Some writers have argued for its being abstractedly impossible even to Deity; while others have contended that it must be the easiest of all operations, or rather that it needs no exertion whatever, on the part of God, all things having a tendency to destruction, and infinite power being required to uphold them. Such speculations it would seem impossible, to finite minds, to set at rest. They arise out of that most unanswerable of all questions, What is possible or impossible to Omnipotence? Mr. Evans, in his popular Sketch of the Denominations of the Christian World, has introduced an account of a sect called Destructionists, who contend, with some learned men of former times, for the annihilation of the wicked as their final punishment; and so understand all the passages of Scripture, which speak of their being destroyed, &c.

ANNIVER'SARY, n. ANNIVERSARY, adj. ANNIVERSARILY, AN'NIVERSE.

yearly.

Annus, a year; and verto, to turn.

That which returns at the end of the year; or

And soon after dyed dame Blaunche, somtyme the wyfe of Henry duke of Lacastre, and was buryed at Poules vpon the northe syde of the hyghe aulter, by her husbande; where she ordeyned for hym and her-iiii. chautres for euer, and an annyuersarye yerely to be kept. Fabyan, p. 480.

tory of Daiphantus before the city Hyampolis; and not only we We verily (as you know well enough) make feasts for the vickeep yearly holiday then, but also the whole country of Phocis (upon that anniversary day) is full of sacrifices and due honours. Holland's Plutarch's Morals.

Shall an anniverse

Be kept with ostentation to rehearse
A mortal prince's birth-day, or repeat
An eighty-eight, or powder-plot's defeat?

Hale, on Christmas Day, 1658.

1688, a club of dissenters, but of what denomination I know not, I find, upon inquiry, that on the anniversary of the revolution in have long had the custom of hearing a sermon in one of their churches. Burke, on the French Revolution. When Nicanor, the deadly enemy of the Jews, was discomfited and slain, a day was appointed by public authority, next before Mordekee's feast, to be kept anniversarily sacred unto the memory of that deliverance and victory. Bp. Hall's Polemical Works.

ANNOBON, an island of Africa, about 300 miles W. of Cape Lopez, on the coast of Congo, in E. lon. 5°, 30', and S. lat. 1°, 32'. It is inhabited by a mixed race of Portuguese and Negroes; and abounds with cattle and fruits of various kinds.

LATE.

ANNOBON.

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