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SEA.

ANGLE tain being taken with that of Penrhyn Ddu mine, in Caernarvonshire, by Messrs. Roe and Co. of Macclesfield. Their first trials upon this property were equally unsuccessful; and the little profit on what was discovered, was greatly overbalanced by the loss of working it. Their agent, at last, was upon the point of abandoning the shafts, when imagining that a spring of water, near a place now called the Golden Venture, must come from a body of mineral, he fortunately penetrated to the solid mass of copper ore, which has since been so productive; and which he found, on the 6th of March, 1768, at the depth of seven feet from the surface. The anniversary of this discovery is regularly kept among the miners, who have greatly increased the population of the island. From 1,500 to 2,000 men were constantly employed here some few years ago, who, with other dependent workmen and their families, made up from 8 to 10,000 persons, obtaining their living from this remarkable mountain. The prosperity of the port of Amlwich wholly originated in its connection with these mines. Of late years, however, they have not been so productive; the number of miners being reduced, in 1809, to less than one half of the number in Mr. Pennant's time.

Mode of working them.

The mode of working the ore in this mountain is peculiar, perhaps, to itself. As it lies not in veins, but in a solid mass, it is extracted by direct labour on the body of the metal, which is laid open in considerable pits. The sides of these excavations are generally perpendicular; but, for convenience, or to follow a richer body of copper, passages of every shape are cut into the mountain, and supported by arches and columns of metal. This manner of working in quarries open to the day, is said to be very favourable to the health of the miners. The sides of the chasms are bordered by a sort of wooden platform, to which windlasses are fixed, and workmen are suspended from them, who procure the greatest part of the ore by means of pickaxes, directed against the perpendicular face of the hollow. In other parts of the mountain, they resort to blasting by gunpowder, ofwhich several tons are used annually for this purpose in the neighbourhood. The ore, thus obtained in small pieces, is further broken by hammers, and then submitted to the operation of firekilns. These are brick-vaulted passages, of about the height of a man, and from eight to ten feet wide. Attached to one end is an apartment connected with the kiln by three flues, which are designed to collect the sulphur; or, according to a recent improvement, this apartment is on a level with the top of the ore, and the whole is of the shape of our lime-kilns. When the ore has been properly heated by coal, the oxidation of the metal itself, and the formation of portions of the sulphur into sulphuric acid, maintain the combustion ; while the rest of the sulphur, collected into vapour at top, falls down in the finest flowers of brimstone. These, being melted in adjacent apartments, are formed into the stone-brimstone of the shops. Sometimes, one or two thousand tons of ore are burnt together in these chambers.

After this operation, which reduces it to a fourth of the quantity, the metal is dressed and washed, when the superior ore is dried and transferred to the reverberatory furnaces of the neighbouring shores. The inferior ores are committed to furnaces on the spot, which produce at the rate of about half a hundred weight of copper from 12 cwt. of ore.

The water which exudes from the crevices of the ANGLEmountains, or is drawn up by pumps into pits on the SEA. surface, is a still more profitable source of pure copper. These pits are about 30 feet in length, two in depth, Value of the and four broad, connected by pools, which serve as a water. reservoir for the water in different stages of the process. Into them is carefully emptied the water with which the ore has been washed, which is strongly impregnated with sulphate of copper in common with the waters of the mountain; and old iron, or plates prepared for the purpose, being immersed therein, the copper is precipitated in the form of a dull red powder. If pure, this precipitate will yield 88 per cent. of pure copper; but from mixture with the clay, seldom averages more than 53 per cent. The water that has been drawn off into the reservoirs, affords an oxy-sulphate, which deposits a yellow ochre that forms a considerable article of commerce with the port of Liverpool. Green vitriol and alum are yielded by a similar process from these pits. A few linen and woollen cloths are the only manufactures of Anglesea; the herring fishery has been cultivated with considerable success on the shores; and abundance of shell fish are found in the bays and inlets. The Penmon oysters are much esteemed.

From the port of Holyhead, the London mails and Holyhead. packets sail regularly for Ireland; this port has received, in consequence, considerable attention from government, within the last ten years; and a project is still entertained of throwing a chain bridge across the strait of Menai, to connect Anglesea with the main land. In the most convenient part it would require only one arch of the span of 500 feet.

history of

Anglesea, according to many a chronicle, was the chief Ancient seat of Druidical superstition. One of its ancient names, before mentioned, Ynys Dowyll, the Shady island, evi- Anglese dently alludes to the grovesofthisremarkablepriesthood; but the annals of Tacitus supply us with the only historical data upon this subject, on which we can safely rely. When the Roman general Suetonius Paulinus had subdued the neighbouring provinces of the Britons, A. D. 59, he is said to have effected a passage for his infantry over the Menai, in flat-bottomed boats, while the cavalry readily swam across the strait, in pursuit of the last remnant of the ancient race. Before they had well effected a landing, the Druids called their votaries of both sexes round the spot (muliebre et fanaticum agmen); the women with dishevelled locks, running amongst their countrymen carrying torches, and echoing the imprecations of the priests, whose followers made a manly but vain resistance. So incensed was the Roman general at this opposition, and at the rites of their horrid superstition, which taught them, it is said, to sacrifice their enemies to the gods; that he did not hesitate to throw the few that escaped from the battle into the fires which they had prepared for their captives. Their groves were now burnt or cut down, and their altars and temples overturned; but before the extirpation of the Druids could be completed, the Roman army was recalled to Britain by a general insurrection of the provinces in their rear. This circumstance afforded the chiefs an opportunity to regain their independence, and re-establish their religion, which was not finally eradicated until about fifteen years from this date, when, after an incalculable loss, according to Tacitus, both of blood and treasure, on the part of the Romans, Julius Agricola finally subdued the island.

On the abandonment of Britain by the Romans, the

SEA.

ANGOLA.

ANGLE- princes of Cambria, were recalled to their ancient sovereignty, and Cadwallan, of the eldest branch of the Cynethian line of Druids, made Aberfraw the metropolis of the northern principality. At this place his sucessors held their seat, until the conquest of the island by Egbert, at the period of his uniting the Saxon heptarchy into one government. The English monarch met, at first, with a valiant and successful resistance; but finally overwhelmed its brave inhabitants by numbers, and the ancient line of their princes ultimately ceased in the person of Llewellyn, A. D. 1282. The army of Egbert is said to have passed over by a bridge of boats, at the same point of the Welsh coast from which the Romans invaded the island. This is now called Moel y Don, one of the five ferries between Anglesea and the Welsh shore.

Edward I. according to Hollingshead, built the castle of Beaumaris, to secure the quiet possession of this island, and to overawe the Welsh. It was long governed by a constable and captain of the town, an office of considerable authority in these parts. In the reign of Henry VIII. the island was first regularly incorporated with the kingdom of England; and constituted a county of the

ANGLIA, EAST, in Ancient Geography, one of the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, founded on the eastern coast of Britain, under twelve chiefs of the Angles, the survivor of whom, Uffa, assumed the title of king of the East-Angles, in 571. This kingdom, whose breadth was 55, and length 80 miles, was bounded on the W. by Mercia, on the S. by the kingdom of Essex, on the N. and the E. by the Humber, and the German ocean. It comprised the present counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and part of Cambridgeshire, containing the principal towns of Norwich, Thetford, Ely, and Cambridge. The last monarch of this kingdom, Ethelbert, succeeded Ethelred in 790, and two years after was murdered by Uffa, king of Mercia, who united this district to his own dominions.

SEA. ANGOLA.

principality, sending two members to parliament. In ANGLE-
1648, it made a noble stand in favour of Charles I.
against the forces of the parliament, and all the male
inhabitants from 16 years of age to 60, devoted them-
selves to assist the royal cause. Several plans were
partially acted upon at this time, for the purpose of set-
ting the king at liberty when he was a prisoner in Ca-
risbrooke castle, Isle of Wight; but the garrison was
finally obliged to surrender to the parliamentary forces,
and the inhabitants to submit to a mulct of nearly
20,000l. to be relieved from the sequestration of their
estates.

The cromlecs, or supposed altars of the Druids, are
still found in Anglesea, more than in any other part of
Great Britain. The larger ones are formed by one
immense flat stone; at the end of which is a smaller
one, both being in an inclined position, and surrounded
by others at a short distance, to the number of eight
or nine. Some have conjectured them to be sepulchral
monuments; twenty-eight of them are said to be found
here. Anglesea lies at an average distance of 250
miles N. W. from London; Beaumaris 241 miles,
Holyhead 278.

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and severity of diction; he is therefore sometimes verbose in his
transitions and connections, and sometimes descends too much to
idiomatical, it might have lost somewhat of its genuine anglicism.
the language of conversation; yet if his language had been less
Johnson's Life of Addison,

The same place and powers, which y had in the Greek language,
he [the letter U] stood fully intitled to in the English; and that
therefore of right he ought to be possessed of the place of even in
all Greek words Anglicisi.

Edward's Can, Crit. ANGLICUS, or ANGLICANUS SUDOR, in Medicine, the sweating sickness, once an English endemic of great prevalence, but now no longer known.

ANGLO-CALVINISTS, in Ecclesiastical History, a term which has been sometimes applied to the members of the church of England, by those who allege the doctrines of the church to be a modification of Calvinism. ANGLO-SAXON, the language spoken by the

ANGLICISE, v. To English; to make English. Saxons, who originally settled in England, in distine

That which casts our proficiency therein so much behind, is our time lost partly in too oft idle vacancies given both to schools and universities, partly in a preposterous exaction, forcing the empty wits of children to compose themes, verses, and orations, which are the acts of ripest judgment, *** besides the ill habit which they get of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idioms, with their untutor'd anglicisms, odious to be read.

Milton, on Education.

It was apparently his principal endeavour to avoid all harshness

tion from pure Saxon, as well as from modern English,
of which it contains the root and substance. Also the
name of the people who conquered England after the
Romans had abandoned it, and who spoke the Anglo-
Saxon language. These subjects, intimately con-
nected with each other, will be found to receive our
particular attention in the proper period of our Histo-
rical Division.

ANGOL A.

ANGOLA, a district of the coast of W. Africa, whose limits are variously described by geographers. Angola Proper was formerly a province of Congo, bounded by the Danda river Northwards, the Coanza on the South, and extending to unknown limits of the interior eastward. The sovereigns of this district, however, becoming independent, conquered the kingdom of Benguela, on the South, as far as Cape Negro, in lat. 16°, 21'; and the whole of this line of coast, being nearly 500 miles in length, has been generally

included in the name of Angola. A recent traveller,
indeed, asserts (M. Degrandpré) that the coast, as
high up as to the 1st degree of S. lat. is mercantilely
known as that of Angola; while the whole of the in-
terior bears the name of Congo; and, according to
every modern account (including that of the late ex-
pedition under Captain Tuckey), the inhabitants of this
line of coast are all of similar manners and character,
and speak the same language; which differs materially
from that of the nations of Northern Africa.
4 F 2

ANGOLA.

The Portuguese writers describe this country as being originally divided into seventeen provinces, eleven of which became subject to the king of Portugal in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The Danda and Coanza are the principal rivers, as Angola has generally been considered. At their entrance into the Atlantic they are not more than 70 or 80 miles from each other; but diverge to a much greater distance in the interior, as far as their courses have been traced. The former has been supposed to be navigable for about 30 leagues, and receives the Leucale, and several minor streams in its progress to the coast. The Coanza is a much larger stream, and has been navigated 150 miles inward to Cambambo, a Portuguese fortress. It is more than a league wide at its mouth, where, as well as for several leagues upward, it is adorned by various islands.

St. Paulo de Loanda, the capital of the Portuguese settlements in this direction, is a considerable and wellbuilt town. It is situated on the shores of the Atlantic, in S. lat. 8, 35′. The houses, which are full 3,000 in number, and inhabited solely by the European settlers, are built of stone; and the streets are wide and regular. The natives, who are still more numerous than the Portuguese, inhabit the meanest huts in the vicinity. As the commerce of the whole coast, and indeed all that is correctly known of it, has arisen from the abominable traffic in slaves, immense numhers of them are employed in the agriculture of the Portuguese provinces, from whence they are continually transferred to the Brazils. The Jesuits, who are the priests of the district, are said to have at least 1,200 under their control. The ecclesiastical and charitable edifices of Loanda are numerous and well-endowed. It is a bishop's see, and remarkable for the magnificence with which the festivals of the Catholic church are celebrated. Here is also a commodious port, with a sheltered roadstead of half a mile in breadth, opposite to which is the island of Loanda, which supplies the city with water, and is well inhabited. This island is five leagues in length, and one in breadth, and presents, with its fine churches and convent, an engaging prospect from the sea. See LOANDA.

From the southern limits of Angola, near Cape Negro, commences a remarkable range of mountains, which extend into the interior in a N. E. direction, and many of which are covered with perpetual snow. Of their exact height we have no dimensions; but the Portuguese call them Monti Freddi and Monti Nivosi, from their height and snow-clad appearance; and the highest summit Cambambo. The melted snow is said to rush from them in torrents during the summer season, and to form immense sheets of water at their base. On the Cambambo is a silver mine, all approach to which is guarded with great jealousy by the Portuguese. The plains of this region feed large herds of wild cattle and mules. The elephant, and the rhinoceros, the lion, and the tiger, rush from the mountains in great numbers, and find abundant prey.

Most of the tropical fruits and grains, particularly maize, or Turkey wheat, are found between the 8° and 12° of latitude, together with the manhioc, imported from the West Indies, and which is made into a coarse kind of bread. The Portuguese assume the merit of having introduced most of the fruit-trees which flourish here, but their accounts of the country are generally

so fabulous, and of such remote date, that we can ANGOLA. hardly either credit or controvert them. The palm, the banana, and bocova-trees, everywhere abound; and appear to attain to unusual height and beauty. Of the former, the most common is, a tree which yields a fruit, containing many kernels of the size of a filbert, which are of an exquisite taste, when ripe, and yield an agreeable eating oil. The leaves of this tree are large and strong, and used as a sort of thatch for houses; around its stem grows a beautiful downy moss. It also yields a pleasant liquor on incision. Another plant, resembling our apple-tree, affords a medicinal sort of resin, or thin wax, much used by the natives. In the province of Chipama, are some fine salt-pits, from which oblong cakes of salt are made by the inhabitants, and sent throughout Africa as an article of interior merchandize.

In addition to the silver mine, which we have already noticed, lead, and even gold, are said to have been found here, though never in considerable quantities. Some valuable iron mines are worked by the Portuguese at Cabezzo, and large quantities of ore are said to be washed down by the mountain torrents, which the natives intercept by laying straw and other substances across the stream.

We have also observed, that our principal knowledge of this coast arises from the extent to which that scourge of Africa, the slave trade, has been carried on here. The Portuguese tell us, that they found the natives a most wretched and cannibal race; preferring the flesh of man for food to that of animals, and always sacrificing numbers of human victims at their funerals. Some of the southern tribes are still said to addict themselves to these practices. But, though from the years 1580 to 1590, no less than 20,000 of the natives are stated to have been converted by the Portuguese missionaries, Christianity has made little abiding impression upon them; and of Christian example, what could have been expected to overbalance the iniquity on which their masters have, for centuries, fattened and flourished?

Availing themselves of the disputes at that time ripening between the kings of Congo and Angola, the Portuguese readily established themselves, in the first instance, and afterwards fanned the flame of war to procure the captives for their South American possessions. At this period (1584), it is stated that an army of 120,000 Angolians was routed by 500 Portuguese soldiers, assisted by about 1,000 of the Congese, and a similar rabble, in the following year, 10,000 in number, by 200 Portuguese. These were a sort of regular militia of the country, of which the king of Angola compelled every petty chief to furnish his quota for the public service. To this day, the native troops are stated to be very little superior, as such, to their forefathers. Their implements of war are the bow, sword, target, and dagger; with the drums, and European music, introduced by their conquerors. They attack with the usual savage shouts and momentary fury; but a slight, steady resistance defeats them beyond the possibility of recovery. Parties are frequently formed by the natives as well as their conquerors to roam for captives in the interior, that they may sell them to the European settlers and slave-ships. Sometimes they will take with them considerable herds of cattle, which they drive towards the quarter where a booty of this kind is expected, and concealing themselves in the

ANGOLA. long grass of the pastures, rush out upon the natives that come to seize the cattle with irresistible impetuosity.

ANGOULEME.

Great Britain, during her long connection with this accursed trade, had never any considerable intercourse with this part of the coast, and but one establishment in the neighbourhood, i. e. at the mouth of the Congo. After the Portuguese, the Dutch were tempted hither; and the French, previous to the Revolution, largely shared in the slave-adventures to Loanda and its vicinity; carrying off, it is supposed, from 15,000 to 18,000 slaves annually. Since the abolition of this traffic, by the British parliament, the trade has been concentrated, on this coast, in the hands of Spanish and Portuguese merchants; it is, perhaps, at present, nowhere so extensive; involving, on an average, the transportation of full 40,000 human beings per annum, of which the "finest species" are said to be procured from Malemba. The voyage to Angola, after having passed Cape

ANGRA.

Verde, is generally performed by one of two routes, ANGOLA. The first, which is called the long route, after a southwest course from the cape, crosses the line at the 23d degree of W. lon. and this direction is continued, until between the 20th and 25th degrees of lat. the vessels generally fall in with a propitious wind and tide, for the coast of Africa. This course, though always longer, on the average, of the two, than the one we are about to mention, is remarkably uniform in its winds, and may be calculated upon to a few days.

The other is known by the name of the short route, in which ships steer directly E. until they reach Cape Lopez Gonsalvo. In this course, they commonly have in the morning, a land-breeze; in the afternoon, a S. W. wind; and, during the night, a dead calm. The success of the voyage is dependant on the currents: if favourable, they soon waft the vessels to their destined haven; if adverse, the short route may prove by far the longer one, and be protracted to eight or ten months.

ANGORA, a large and populous city of Natolia, 212 miles from Constantinople; and one of the neatest and most polished towns of Asia Minor. The inhabitants, whose numbers cannot be exactly ascertained, are composed of Turks and Christians. It formerly was much more extensive, and its population perhaps double that of recent times, having been reckoned at 80,000 souls. The town stands on an eminence, and is surrounded by mountains, covered with rich gardens of fruit and flowers. It is a fortified place, having a strong castle, walls, and gates. The castle itself resembles a town; but the walls of the city are suffered to go to decay. The streets are causewayed by blocks of granite; but they have no foot-paths. There are seven churches here belonging to Greek and Armenian Christians, besides several mosques for the Mahometans. Angora was, at one time, a place of great trade; and the inhabitants still maintain a considerable manufacture of yarn, Angora stuffs, and shawls. It is supposed that not less than 15,000 pieces of these latter articles are yearly made in the city. The shawls are peculiarly fine, rivalling even those of Cashmere, and fabricated from the hair of the Angora goat. The surrounding country is chiefly occupied in the rearing of wheat. Opium, however, is cultivated in the district, and large quantities of honey and wax are obtained from the extensive bee-hives in and near the city. Angora stands on the site of the ancient ANCYRA, which see, in E. lon. 33°, 18. N. lat. 40°, 4'.

ANGOSTURA, a town of South America, in the kingdom of Granada, 140 miles from Santa Fe de Bogota, situated on the banks of the Magdalena.

ANGOT, a province of Abyssinia, now suffered to go to decay. See ABYSSINIA.

ANGOU, a province of Congo, on the northern bank of the river Zaire. The chief town is Bomangor; but the principal part of the commerce is carried on at Calenda.

ANGOULEME, a town of France, situated on the right bank of the river Charente, of the department of which it is now the capital; 20 leagues from Bourdeaux, and 165 from Rochefort. It is an ancient and very important town, and at present contains a population of about 14,745, inhabitants, who carry on a

considerable trade in wine, brandy, salt, saffron, cherries, and other fruits; besides some manufactures of paper, linen, and woollen cloth. There were formerly here ten convents, two abbeys, a college of Jesuits, and an extensive hospital; but at present, with the exception of its trade and commerce, Angouleme is remarkable only for the rank it holds in the annals of French History, and for conferring the title of duke on the nephew of the king of France.

ANGOUMAIS, a province of France, of which Angouleme was the capital; but the changes which have of late years taken place with respect to the civil divisions of that country, have, in a manner, destroyed the appellation formerly given to this district. It is a rich and important portion of the kingdom, yielding grain of all sorts, besides several valuable productions of the mineral kingdom, particularly iron. Red and white wines are made in various parts of this district; and the famous Cogniac brandy comes from Charente, one of the towns within its precincts.

In the Chronicles of Froissart, and other French historians, the province of Angoumais occupies a very important station. It was at one time dignified with the title of a county; and has very often changed masters. In the wars and tumults occasioned by the disputes between the Catholics and Protestants, the Angoumais were very actively engaged. The capital was twice in the hands of the Protestants. By the treaty of Bretigny, in the year 1360, it was ceded to the English; but the inhabitants shortly afterwards transferred their allegiance to Charles V. of France. In the year 1515, Francis I. erected it into a duchy in favour of his mother, but after her death it reverted to the crown. The entire length of this district, which is now divided into the departments of the Charente, the Charente Inferieure, the Dordogne, and the Deux Severes, is 24 French leagues, and its breadth 10, comprising an area of 240 square leagues.

ANGOXA, a river of Africa, on the eastern coast of that continent, in the country of Mosambique. There are several small islands near its mouth, and a bay which bears the same name, in S. lat. 16°, 30'.

ANGRA, a town of Tercera, one of the Azore islands. It contains five parish churches, a cathedral, four monastries, and four convents of nuns; and is the seat of the

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ANGRA. Portuguese local government. Its harbour is very fine, but the fortifications of the town have been suffered to go to decay. The English, French, and Dutch have OVUM. consuls resident here.

ANGUINUM

ANGRE, a town of France, in Anjou, department of the Maine and Loire, arrondissement of Segre, five leagues from Angers.

ANGRIVARII, in Ancient Geography, a people of Germany mentioned by Tacitus, as occupying a country between the Weser and Ems. Annal. ii. c. 8. ANGROGNE, a commune of Lucerne, in Piedmont, watered by a river of the same name. It is a rich and fertile country abounding in chestnuts and other fruits, with much valuable pasture land. It lies in a valley, many parts of which are inaccessible, and on this account, during the persecution of the Albigenses, and the Waldenses, it formed their last and

most secure retreat.

ANGRUS, in Ancient Geography, a river of Illyricum, which flowing in a northern direction through the plain of Triballi, fell into the Brongus.

ANGUEAH, a district of Abyssinia, watered by a river of the same name, which falls into the Tacazze,

about 50 miles from Axum.

ANGUILLA, or SNAKE ISLAND, an island in the West Indies, in which the English formed a settlement in the year 1650. It is the most northerly of the Caribbee islands, lying in W. lon. 63°, 10, and in N. lat. 18, 12. It is 10 leagues in length, and three in breadth, and of a serpentine figure. Tobacco, maize, sugar, and cattle are among its principal productions; but there is only one sea-port of consequence. Anguilla is also the name of one of the Bahama islands, being 20 miles long, and five broad. To the north-west of the island are a great number of rocks and islets, collectively called Anguilla bank.

the same name.

ANGUILLARA, a town of Italy, in the vicariate of Padua, six miles from Rovigo, situated on a lake of It contains 2,860 inhabitants, who carry on a trade in fish, which are caught in great plenty in the Aguillara lake. There is also a village of this name in Italy, where the river Arone issues, from the lake of Bracciano, 12 miles from Rome. Pope Benedict XIV. in the year 1758, erected this place into a duchy.

ANGUILLE, a bay on the N. N. E. side of the island of St. John's, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, opposite the Magdalen isles. It has St. Peter's harbour on the S. E. and Port Chimene on the N. W. There is also a cape of this name in Newfoundland, on the W. side; also in the gulf of St. Lawrence, six leagues N. from Cape Ray.

ANGUINAL HYPERBOLA, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to his curves of the species xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv. xxxvi. of the second order; being hyperbolas of a serpentine figure, thus expressed; xy + eya-x3 + bx2 + cx +ď.

ANGUINUM OVUM, or SERPENT'S EGG, in the customs of the Druids, was a ball or egg enchased in gold, and worn, according to Pliny, as a badge of their office. He describes it, Hist. Nat. xxxix. c. 3. as "about the bigness of a moderate apple; its shell is a cartilaginous incrustation, full of little cavities, such as are on the legs of the polypus." The manner of its production was reported, according to the historian, to have been most extraordinary. It was said to be composed

OVUM.

AN

of the joint saliva of a bed or cluster of snakes inter. ANQUI
twined together; and never to be discovered, but by NUM
its being lifted up in the air by the hissing of the snakes;
when it was caught in a clean white cloth before it fell
to the ground. But this interference with their progeny GUOUR
was violently resented by the serpents, from whom,
the person seizing the egg, was obliged to escape on
horseback, at full speed. The test of its being a ge
nuine egg of this kind, was equally marvellous. When
enchased in gold, it was thrown into a river, and, if
genuine, would swim against the stream. Mason, in
his Caractacus, thus perpetuates the description of
Pliny.
When in undulating twine,

The foaming snakes prolific join;
When they hiss, and when they bear
Their wond'rous egg aloof in air,
Thence, before to earth it fall,
The Druid in his hallow'd pall
Receives the prize,

And instant flies,

Follow'd by the envenom'd brood,

Till he cross the crystal flood.

engine of superstition and empiricism, as an amulet; It need hardly be added, that this was a most potent in particular, says Pliny, it made the wearer successful in all disputes and controversies, and in procuring the favour of the great. After all, it would seem to be nothing but a large bead of glass, more or less streaked, and traces of a popular reverence for this kind of amulet are found in the West of England, Wales, and the Highlands, to this day.

ANGUIS, in Zoology, a tribe of serpents, none of which are venemous. See ZOOLOGY Div. ii. AN'GUOUR, n. Fr. Angoisse. It. Angoscia. Sp. AN'GUISH, Angustia. Ger. and Dutch, Angst. AN'GUISHED, All from the same source as Anger. AN'GUISHOUS. See ANGER. A. S. Ang-jumian, vexare, contristare, angere; to vex, to make sorry. Applied generally to any great distress, or excessive pain of body.

To excessive vexation, trouble, distress of mind, for affliction already befallen: and may thus be distinguished from Anxiety.

Some with grete processyon in gret anguysse and fere
Wepynde byuore be kyng, & her relykes myd hem bere,
And oper holy chŷrche þynges bare vorbe echon.

R. Gloucester, p. 177. Who thanne schal departe us fro the charite of christ? tribulacioun or angwisch, or hungir or nakidnesse or persecucioun or peril or swerd? Wiclif. Romayns. c. viii. Who shall seperate vs from ye loue of God? shall tribulacyon? or anguysshe? or persecucyon? other honger? ether nakednesse? ether parell? ether swearde? Bible, 1539.

But when I me awake, and find it but a dreme
The anguish of my former wo beginneth more extreme,
And me tormenteth so, that unneath may I find,
Some hidden place, wherein to slake the gnawing of my mind.
Surrey.

Pe fader kyng Henry [the second] in herte had he payne,
& anguised greuosly, pat Thomas was so slayn.

R. Brunne, p. 132. A ghe carynthis, ghe ben not angwischid in us, but ghe ben angwischid in ghoure ynwardnessis. Wiclif. 2 Corynth, ch. vi. Kyng Arture was anguysous in ys companye, þat þe luper traytor adde of scaped hym so tuye.

R. Gloucester, p. 222.

And further-over contrition shuld be wonder sorweful and asguishous: and therfore yeveth him God plainly his mercie: and therfore whan my soul was anguishous, and sorweful within me, than had I remembrance of God, that my praier might come to him. Chaucer. The Persones, Tale, v. ii. p. 302,

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