The utmost extent of their genius lies in naming their country habitation by a hill, a mount, a brook, a barrow, a castle, a baron, a ford, and the like ingenious conceits. Yet these are exceeded by others, whereof some have contrived anagrammatical appellations from half their own and their wives' names joined together. Swift. On Barb. Dens. in Ireland. [Robert Fludd hath] published [a book], under the name of Rudolfi Otreb, that is, anagrammatically, Roberti Flud.

Wood's Athena Oxonienses.

When the anagrammatist takes a name to work upon, he considers it at first as a mine not broken up, which will not shew the treasure it contains, until he shall have spent many hours in the search of it; ther, and to examine the letters in all the variety of stations in which

for it is his business to find out one word that conceals itself in ano

they can possibly be ranged.

Spectator, No. 60.

The ROMAN ANAGRAM seems to have been strictly confined to the dividing one word into two or more, retaining their original order. Thus Aulus Gellius mentions an ænigma of the god Terminus, founded on the anagram, Ter Minus, 1. xii. c. 6.

Modern anagrammatists transpose the entire of the letters in any way that will answer the purposes of this literary trifling; in the History of France we find the appointment of anagrammatist to Louis XIII. was worth 1,200 livres per annum, and the French are said to have had the honour of introducing the art, as it is now practised, in the reign of Charles IX. It seems to need no illustrations after those already given.

ANAGROS, in Commerce, a Seville measure of corn, somewhat larger than the Paris mine; forty-six of them being equal to 104 quarters, London.

ANAGYRIS, in Botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class Decandria, and order Monogynia.

ANAGYROS, in Ancient Geography, a district of Attica, between Phalareus and the promontory of Sunium, where the above plant is said to have been found in great abundance; and from its smelling more fetid the more it was handled, it gave rise to the proverb of" Anagyrum commovere," the bringing of misfortunes upon one's self. STRAB. ix. PLIN. Xxvii. 4. ANAHUAC, the name anciently given by the Indians to all those parts of New Spain lying between the 14th and the 21st degrees of latitude. They are now comprehended in the kingdom of Mexico, or New Spain. ANAITIS, in Ancient Mythology; also, and more generally, called TANAIS, which see.

ANAK-SUNGEI, a kingdom on the south-west coast of Sumatra, extending from the river Manjuta to the Urei. This kingdom owes its origin to the decay of Indrapura. Its first monarch, whose name was Gulema, was established in the year 1695, through the aid of the English. The capital is Moco Moco. The country being for the most part inhabited by Sumatrans, under their own chiefs, the supreme authority is under great restrictions here.

ANALCO, a jurisdiction, or alcadia mayor of Galicia, in New Spain, comprehended in the bishopric of Guadalaxara, from which it is about a league distant to the east, and 80 leagues west of Mexico. It is also the name of four other inferior jurisdictions in New Spain.

ANALECTA (of avaλeyw,' I gather), in Antiquity, was the waste meat or fragments which fell from the

table to the ground. Also the name of a servant whose ANALEC office it was to collect together what was left at the TA end of a meal. Analecta has likewise been applied ANALO in a literary sense to various collections of short pieces GIZE or fragments.

ANALEMMA, in Geometry, an orthographical projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, by perpendiculars drawn from every point of that plane, the eye being supposed to be at an infinite distance east or west. Consequently the solstitial colure and its parallels are thrown into concentric circles equal to the real circles of the sphere. All circles having their planes at right angles with the solstitial colure, viz. the equinoctial, the equinoctial colure, the horizon, &c. become right lines of equal length with the diameters of those circles; and all oblique circles are projected into ellipses whose transverse axis is equal to their respective diameters. See Geometry in PURE MA

THEMATICS, Div. i.

The ANALEMMA is also an astronomical instrument

on which the above projection is described, furnished with a cursor, or moveable horizon, and useful in ascertaining the sun's rising and setting, the length and hour of the day, as well as for laying down the signs of the zodiac, &c. in the construction of dials.

ANALEPTICS (of araλaußavw, to restore or recover), in Medicine, restoratives, whether applied by way of food or medicine, to an emaciated or exhausted constitution. It is a term exploded by Dr. Cullen as too ambiguous for scientific use. Analepsis is an old such parties. term of similar import, denoting the restoration, &c. of

ANALIS, in Entomology, the specific name of various genera of insects in the Linnæan and Fabrician arrangement. See ENTOMOLOGY, Div. ii.

ANALOGISTA, in Civil Law, a tutor declared by will or other instrument not to be legally responsible for his actions. The degree, however, to which this exemption could be availing is matter of dispute. ANALOGIZE, ANAL'OGY, ANALOGʻICAL, ANALOGOUS, ANAL'OGAL, ANALOGOUSLY,

the examples subjoined.

Αναλογία (from ava, and λόγος), ισότης, τελογε. Latine, says Cicero, Comparatio, proportione dici potest.

Our application of these words must be collected from

He calleth still the Lordes body the congregation redemed with Christes body as he dyd before, and also in the chapter folowyng fetching his analogie and similitude at the naturall body.

The Whole Workes of Tyndall, &c. fo. 473, c. 1.

First Albion is no latin word, nor hath the analogie, that is to say, the proportion or similitude of latine, for who hath found this si lable on, at the ende of a latin word. Grafton, vol. i. p. 25.

St. Paul loved the Jews, because they were his brethren according to the flesh: we that are of the heathen, by the same analogy, ought to be as tenderly affected towards the rest of our brethrens

Hale's Golden Remains.

The title of the subject to personal liberty not only is founded on ancient, and therefore the most sacred laws: it is confirmed by the whole analogy of the government and constitution. Hume's History of England.

We have words which are proper, and not analogical, to express the various ways in which we perceive external objects by the senses; such as feeling, sight, taste: but we are often obliged to use these words analogically, to express other powers of the mind which are of a very different nature. Reid's Inquiry into the Human Mind.

All the reformations we have hitherto made, have proceeded upon the principle of reference to antiquity; and I hope, nay, I am persuaded, that all those which possibly may be made hereafter, will be carefully formed upon analogical precedent, authority, and example.

Burke, on the French Revolution.

The unction of our Lord was the descent of the Holy Ghost upon him at his baptism. This was analogous to the ceremony of anointing. Horsley's Sermons.

Systems of material bodies, diversly figured and situated, if separately considered, represent the object of the desire, which is analogized by attraction or gravitation. Cheyne.

ANALOGY, in Philosophy, a species of resemblance or agreement in some respects between two or more things that differ in other respects. It is, therefore, a partial resemblance without an entire agreement; and becomes the stronger in proportion to there being a greater number or variety of particulars in which evidently distinct things or events agree, and weaker as the alleged points of agreement appear few or unconnected. In the logic of the schoolmen there are three kinds of analogy, upon which we are taught that we may safely reason: 1. Sameness of nature in the reason of the common denomination, co-existing with difference of degree or order, as the analogy between a man and a brute, as animals; and this is called the analogy of inequality. 2. Sameness in the reason of the common name, with a difference in respect of habitude, as strength may be analogically attributed both to a man and an exercise; which is called the analogy of attribution. 3. A proportional similarity arising out of the effects or uses of things really differing in their nature, as in the analogy between the eye of man and his mental perception; and this is termed the analogy of proportionality.

In the inductive philosophy of modern times, and latterly in several of our most respectable works on morality and religion, a just and beautiful use has been made of the argument from analogy. Newton gives it the second place amongst his laws of philosophising, and may be said to have established some of the most characteristic parts of his system, as arising out of the doctrine of gravitation, on its sober and patient use. Other philosophers, again, making his conclusions their foundation, and building still higher with the same kind of materials, having observed the great similarity between the planets of our system, their revolutions round the sun, their motions upon their respective axes, their attendant satellites, &c. have peopled by analogy first this system of planetary worlds with intelligent inhabitants, and various orders of subordinate creatures; and then "worlds on worlds," marshalled apparently by the same great laws of nature, as they are, unquestionably, by the same mighty hand.

There can be no mode of argument that requires more acuteness of observation and integrity of mind (in every sense of the term), than that which would

VOL. XVM.

GY.

build any thing important on alleged analogies in ANALOscience or morals. To say nothing of the dreams of the schoolmen when the physical operations of nature were so little known, in comparison with the present state of philosophy, abundant instances of the dominion of fancy and hypothesis in analogies of recent discovery will be present to the recollection of every intelligent reader, from Dr. Darwin, in the philosophical, to Mr. Owen, in the moral world.

Mr. Locke observes, that in those things which sense cannot discover, analogy becomes the great rule of probability. And these he divides into two principal classes: 1. The existence, nature, and operations of finite immaterial beings without us; as spirits, angels, devils, &c. or the existence of material beings, which, either from their smallness in themselves, or remoteness from us, our senses cannot notice. 2., The manner of operation in most parts of the works of nature. "We see animals are generated, nourished, and move," he remarks," the loadstone draws iron; and the parts of a candle successively melting, turn into flame, and give us both light and heat. These and the like effects we see and know: but the causes that operate, and the manner they are produced in, we can only guess, and probably conjecture. For these and the like, coming not within the scrutiny of human senses, cannot be examined by them, or be attested by any body; and therefore can appear more or less probable only as they more or less agree to truths that are established in our minds, and as they hold proportion to other parts of our knowledge and observation." And "thus finding in all parts of the creation that fall under human observation, that there is a gradual connection of one with another, without any great or discernible gaps between, in all that great variety of things we see in the world, which are so closely linked together, that in the several ranks of beings it is not easy to discover the bounds betwixt them; we have reason to be persuaded, that by such gentle steps things ascend upwards in degrees of perfection. Things, as far as we can observe, lessen and augment as the quantity does in a regular cone; when, though there be a manifest odds betwixt the bigness of the diameter at a remote distance, yet the difference between the upper and under, when they touch one another, is hardly discernible." This great philosopher then proceeds to furnish in himself an instance of the constant propensity of the human mind to pursue the argument from analogy to excess, by including the being and perfections of the Creator among these "ascending steps," toward which the rule of analogy would bring us, every one" being "at no great distance from the next to it." We have observed upon the absurdity of this attempted analogy between all finite and the Only Infinite being in another place. See the article ANGEL, in this Division.

The unquestionable analogy between the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms of nature, has encouraged the practical philosopher to many useful discoveries. Alike combining an incomparable mechanism in their parts, with an organization adapted to their respective grades in creation; alike exhibiting growth, dependence on what we call the elements of nature for support; and periods of comparative perfection, disease, and decay, they bear indispensable relations to each other, and while

3 Y

ANALO distinctions sufficiently obvious are found between them, GY. as in the colours of the rainbow, no separating lines can be drawn. The mineral grows, the vegetable feeds, if it do not sleep, and protects its young shoots, with almost a parental care; animal instincts are, in many instances, scarcely distinguishable from reason; and throughout the universe, as Paley says, "there is a wonderful proportioning of one thing to another." As suitableness to every class of its inhabitants characterizes the earth; a correspondency, or analogy must be found between them all. The last-mentioned author, indeed, grounds many of his admirable Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, on the striking analogies amongst themselves, and with the most ingenious contrivances of man, which the works of nature supply to the most ordinary observer. We refer to his chapter (xii) on Comparative Anatomy, and chapter (xv) on Relations in particular. We do not remember to have met with a finer instance of correct analogy, as indicating unquestionable design in both cases, than that which is alleged in the following parallel between the digestive organs, and the operations of a manufactory.

"In men and quadrupeds, the aliment is first broken and bruised by mechanical instruments of mastication, viz, sharp spikes or hard knobs, pressing against or rubbing upon one another; thus ground and comminuted, it is carried by a pipe into the stomach, where it waits to undergo a great chymical action, which we call digestion: when digested, it is delivered through an orifice, which opens and shuts as there is occasion, into the first intestine there, after being mixed with certain proper ingredients, poured through a hole in the side of the vessel, it is further dissolved: in this state, the milk, chyle, or part which is wanted, and which is suited for animal nourishment, is strained off by the mouths of very small tubes, opening into the cavity of the intestines; thus freed from the grosser parts, the precolated fluid is carried by a long, winding, but traceable course, into the main stream of the old circulation; which conveys it, in its progress, to every part of the body. Now I say again, compare this with the process of a manufactory; with the making of cider, for example; with the bruising of the apples in the mill, the squeezing of them when so bruized in the press, the fermentation in the vat, the bestowing of the liquor thus fermented in the hogsheads, the drawing off into bottles, the pouring out for use into the glass. Let any one show me any difference between these two cases, as to the point of contrivance. That which is at present under our consideration, the relation' of the parts successively employed, is not more clear in the last case than in the first. The aptness of the jaws and teeth to prepare the food for the stomach, is, at least, as manifest as that of the cider-mill to crush the apples for the press. The concoction of the food in the stomach is as necessary for its future use, as the fermentation of the stum in the vat is to the perfection of the liquor. The disposal of the aliment afterwards; the action and change which it undergoes; the route which it is made to take, in order that, and until that, it arrives at its destination, is more complex indeed and intricate, but, in the midst of complication and intricacy, as evident and certain, as is the apparatus of cocks, pipes, tunnels, for transferring the cider from one vessel to another; of barrels and bottles for preserving it till fit for use, or of cups

6

and glasses for bringing it, when wanted, to the lip of ANAL the consumer. The character of the machinery is in GY both cases this, that one part answers to another part, and every part to the final result.”

Butler's well-known work on the Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature, is introduced by the editor, Halifax, bishop of Gloucester, with the remark of the son of Sirach, All things are double one against another, and God hath made nothing imperfect," Ecclus. xlii. 24. on which single observation, he says, the whole fabric of our prelate's defence of religion in his Analogy is raised." If the dispensation of Providence we are now under, considered as inhabitants of this world, and having a temporal interest to secure in it, be found, on examination," he continues, “to be analogous to, and of a piece with, that further dispensa tion which relates to us as designed for another world, in which we have an eternal interest, depending on our behaviour here; if both may be traced up to the same general laws, and appear to be carried on according to the same plan of administration, the fair presumption is, that both proceed from one and the same author. And if the principal parts objected to in this latter dispensation be similar to, and of the same kind with, what we certainly experience under the former; the objections being clearly inconclusive in one case, because contradicted by plain facts, must in all reason be allowed to be inconclusive also in the other." This is a fair abridgment of the argument of the entire work.

The chain of this useful and highly interesting application of the argument from analogy, has been recently attempted to be completed by a work of Mr. Gisborne's, entitled, The Testimony of Natural Theology to Christianity. He professes to commence from the points at which Dr. Paley terminates his argument. "I conceive," says this writer," that natural theology not only has for its office to promote by the development of those attributes (enumerated by Dr. Paley) the conversion of an atheist or of a polytheist into a rational theist, and by preparatory influence to dispose him to listen to any credible revelation; but that it is able, and that it is intended, by ulterior and direct facts and arguments within its own province, powerfully to assist the advancement of the deist into the Christian." He then examines the present state of the exterior strata of the earth, the actual appearances of its surface, the objects it presents complete, or as within human attainment, for the benefit of man; the structure of his frame; his mind; and the facts of common life, as all agreeing to indicate that man is in a state of moral discipline, or in exactly such a state of merciful punishment and hopeful probation, as in the clearer language of the Christian revelation he is now said to occupy.

"In the situation of man upon earth there is a feature, which not only is intimately and at every moment connected with moral discipline, but is in itself so remarkable, and in its implications so pointed, that it must not be left without distinct observation. Man, stationed as it were in the centre of the visible works of God, is endowed with faculties rendering him capable of discovering by means of those works the existence and many glorious perfections of his Creator. He has

ALO intellectual powers qualifying him to glorify that CreGY. ator, to adore him, to praise him, to feel his excellences, to comprehend his will. For these very purZE. poses man appears to have been formed. Yet from immediate and open intercourse with his Maker, he stands debarred and cut off. He addresses the Divinity by prayer as by a messenger conveying to another world the sorrows and the petitions of the supplicator. He knows his God, as he knows the wind, by effects. But his God meets not his eyes; utters not an audible voice; discloses not himself to the organs of mortal sense; grants not to the human race the degree nor the kind of intercourse for which, by faculties bestowed, he has graciously vouchsafed to make them competent. I speak of the human race collectively, and of the state of facts as it manifests itself to natural theology; not of those few individuals, prophets, apostles, and other holy men of old, excepted from the general law ordained for the countless myriads of mankind, and admitted for the furtherance of the divine plans of mercy to special and miraculous communications with their God. Is not then the condition of man, in the particulars at present under contemplation, marked by a close analogy to that of sons dismissed, in consequence of flagrantly evil conduct, from the presence of their parent, yet not cast off from his affectionate solicitude; furnished by him with means of subsistence and various comforts; permitted to communicate to him by letters and messengers their wants and their wishes; but prohibited from personal access to him, and from personal intercourse with him, although allowed to hope that, if ever a radical change of character shall have been effectually wrought and manifested, the period of penal exile will be terminated? Is it conceivable that man, spontaneously and benignantly fitted in his faculties for a measure of immediate intercourse with his heavenly Father, would be-debarred from that intercourse, if he had not forfeited the privilege by disobedience? Observe the accordance between these views, suggested by natural theology and the Scriptures. Man in paradise had direct communication with his God. Man renovated through his Redeemer, shall enjoy it again, and for ever." GISBORNE'S Testimony of Nat. Theology, 12mo. p. 231-234.

For the closer application of analogy to the philosophy of the mind, and various rules for its practical uses, see METAPHYSICS and LOGIC, Div. i.

ANALOGY, in Grammar, the general agreement which a word or phrase is found to bear with the received idiom or forms of a language.

ANALOGY OF FAITH, among Divines, is a certain consistency of revelation with itself, in all its various parts; which is said to constitute an impartial rule of interpreting Scripture, and of reconciling apparent con

tradictions.

AN'ALYZE, t.
ANALYSIS,

The celebrated M. Des Cartes wrote an express treatise de Methodo; wherein he reduces the whole art to four rules, that seem con

tained in Aristotle's analytics. Bacon's Novum Organum, App. HOR. His learning savours not the school-like gloss,

That most consists in echoing words and ternus,
And soonest wins a man an empty name;
Nor any long or far-fetch'd circumstance
Wrap'd in the curious generalties of arts;
But a direct and analytic sum

Of all the worth and first effects of arts.

Ben Jonson's Poctaster, act iii.

As Stellus, late dictator of the feast,
The nose of haut-gout and the tip of taste,
Critiqu'd your wine, and analyz'd your meat,
Yet on plain pudding deign'd at home to eat.

Pope's Moral Essays.

By high-colouring is not meant a string of rapturous epithets, but an attempt to analize the views of nature-to open their several parts, in order to shew the effect of a whole.

Gilpin's Tour to the Lakes of Cumberland, &c. Pref.

Our lecturer concluded his discourse with a most ingenious analysis of all political and moral virtues, into their first principles and causes, shewing them to be mere fashions, tricks of state, and illusions on the vulgar. Bp. Berkeley's Minute Philo.

Although you may pass for an artist, computist, or analyst, yet you may not be justly esteemed a man of science and demonstration. Id. Analyst.

It may be proper, before we examine the scenes themselves, to take a sort of analytical view of the materials, which compose themmountains-lakes-broken grounds-wood-rocks-cascades-vallies--and rivers. Gilpin's Tour to the Lakes of Cumberland, &c.

I have seen sketches and rough draughts of some poems he designed, set out analytically; wherein the fable, structure, and conof ornaments, were finely laid out. nection, the images, incidents, moral episodes, and a great variety Oldisworth in Johnson's Life of Smith. To investigate truth with success, in mathematics, in natural philosophy, and, indeed, on every occasion where it is difficult to be found, the analytic method must be employed.

Bolingbroke's Essay on Human Knowledge.

I need no better analyser than yourself; save that you do not only resolve my parts, but add more: whereas, every motion hath a double term; from whence, and whither; both these could not but fall into our discourse. Bp. Hall's Polemical Works.

ANALYSIS, in Mathematics, generally denotes the method of resolving mathematical problems by decomposition, or by reducing them to equations, and may be divided into ancient and modern analysis.

The ancient ANALYSIS, as it is described by Pappus (in Mathematical Collections, lib. vii. p. 157 ed. Commendini, 1588), is the method of proceeding from the thing sought, taken for granted, through its consequences, to something which is actually known or admitted; in which sense it is opposed to synthesis, or composition, which commences with the last step of the analysis, and traces the several steps backwards, making that, in this case, antecedent, which, in the other, was consequent, till we arrive at the thing sought, which was assumed in the first step of the analysis. See Geometry, in PURE MATHEMATICS, Div. i.

ANALYSIS, modern, comprehends algebra, arithmetic of infinites, infinite series, increments, fluxions, or the differential calculus, the calculus of variations, of functions, &c. We have also the antecedental analysis, the combinatorial analysis, the residual analysis, &c.

The doctrine of the former class of subjects will be illustrated in our treatises on the different branches of the Pure Mathematics, forming as they do, a necessary part of such a course; but the three latter, being rather collateral and partial applications, may be briefly defined in this place.

ANA

Antecedental ANALYSIS, is a branch of general proLYZE. portion, or universal comparison; it is derived from an ANAMAexamination of the antecedents of ratios, having given NI. consequents, and a given standard of comparison, in the various degrees of augmentation and diminution which they undergo by composition and decomposition. This analysis was first invented by the late James Glenie, Esq. and published by him in 1793; a further application of it in his Doctrine of Universal Comparison, or General Proportion, appeared in 1798. The author professes to employ it with advantage instead of fluxions, but it has not been much attended to by other mathe

maticians.

Combinatorial ANALYSIS is a branch of mathematics, which teaches us to ascertain and exhibit all the possible ways in which a given number of things may be combined and mixed together, so that we may be certain that every possible arrangement has been made; it proceeds one step beyond what has been usually denominated the doctrine of combinations, which frequently refers only to the number of changes, without contemplating the method of forming them. We have a work on this subject by Hinderburgh, a German mathematician, and another more recently by Mr. Nicholson, so well known for his various treatises on the different branches of civil architecture. To these works, and particularly to the latter, we would refer the reader for the particular nature of, and notation employed in this analysis.

Residual ANALYSIS is a branch of mathematics, invented by Landen, and applied by him in the solution of those problems which are generally solved by means of fluxions, or the differential calculus. This method has been denominated the residual analysis, because in all cases where it is made use of, the conclusions are obtained by means of residual quantities. In this analysis, a physical or geometrical problem is reduced to another purely algebraical, and the solution is then obtained without any supposition of motion, and without considering quantities as composed of others infinitely small.

The residual analysis proceeds by taking the difference of the same function of a variable quantity in two different ways, or in two different states of that quantity, and expressing the relation of this difference, to the difference between the two states of the said variable quantity itself. This relation being first expressed generally, is then considered in the case when the difference of the two states of the variable quantity is equal to zero.

Landen published the first book of his Residual Analysis in 1764, and in it exemplified its application to several algebraical inquiries, as well as in determining the tangents, evolutes, ordinates, points of inflection, double and triple points, nodes asymptotes, centres, &c. of curve lines; and in the second book, it was intended to show the application of the same analysis to a variety of mechanical and physico-geometrical problems; but, for some unassigned reason, this part of the work was never published.

ANALYSIS, in Chemistry. See CHEMISTRY, Div. ii. ANALYSIS, in Logic. See LOGIC, Div. i. ANAMABOE. See ANNAMABOE. ANAMANI, in Antiquity, inhabitants of Cisalpine Gaul, at the foot of the Appennines, south of the Po, and allies of the Romans.

LAS.

ANAMBAS, the name of several islands in the ANAM Chinese sea. The Great Anambas comprise a cluster of islands, in E. lon. 105°. 56', and N. lat. 3°. Three ANAPA small islands, in E. lon. 106°, and N. lat. 3°. 56', are called the Little Anambas. Another cluster, in E. lon. 106°, 22', and N. lat. 2o, 20', have the name of the South Anambas.

ANAMIS, in Ancient Geography, a river which is mentioned by Arrian, and thought to be the same which Ptolemy and Pliny call Andamis. It belongs to Carmania, and, according to M. d'Anville, flows through the strait which joins the Persian gulf to the sea.

ANAMMELECH, in Scripture History, one of the idols of the Sepharvites, to whom they sacrificed their children.

ANAMNESEIS, in Antiquity, the eulogies of those persons who had distinguished themselves in a civil or military capacity, repeated to the emperors of Constantinople, to procure them suitable distinctions. ANAMOOKA. See ANNAMOOKA.

ANAMORPHOSIS, in Optics, denotes a monstrous projection, or the representation of some image, either on a plane or curve surface, deformed or distorted, but which, in a certain point of view, shall appear regular and well-defined. See OPTICS, Div. ii.

ANAMSAGUR, a town of Hindostan, in the district of Moodgul, and province of Bejapoor, distant from the town of Moodgul about 20 miles W.

ANANAS, in Botany, a species of Bromelia, commonly called pine-apple, from the similarity of its shape to the cones of firs and pines.

ANANCITIS, in Antiquity, sometimes called sy nochitis, a figured stone, which was supposed to possess the power of raising the infernal gods.

ANANPOUR, a town in the province of Bednore, Hindostan, 120 miles N. W. of Seringapatam, and 20 S. E. of Bednore.

ANANTAPOUR, a town in the Carnatic, 13 miles S. E. of Cuddapah, Hindostan.

ANANTPOUR, a town of the Mysore, or south of India, Hindostan, about 140 miles N. N. E. of Seringapatam. This town was taken by the British in the year 1783, on which occasion no quarter was given, on account of a flag of truce having been violated. It was taken by the Mahrattas in the year 1791.

ANANURI, a town and quadrangular fortress of Georgia, situated on the small river Arkala, in the district of Sseristo, 40 miles N. N. W. of Teflis. It contains three churches. The houses on the east side of the fortress consist of deep pits or caverns, the tops or roofs of which are level with the ground, and light is admitted through an opening in the middle, which also serves to let out the smoke. These houses were formerly surrounded by a wall; but it is now fallen to decay.

ANAPA, or ANAPEA, a town of Circassia, on the Sundjik bay, in the Black sea, 70 miles from Theodosia. The town, which is fortified, is about two miles in circuit, has a fort, a good harbour, and carries on a considerable trade. The fort was erected by the Turks, in 1784, when the Russians took possession of the Crimea and Isle of Taman. It afforded protection to the fugitive inhabitants of Taman, and to the wandering Nogays on the banks of the Kuban. The citizens, however, reluctantly submitted to the authority of the Turkish pasha, who resided at another fortified town,