NIA. bitants of the country as can well be obtained. The temperature of the whole district is mild and healthy, especially in the upper part which is consequently the best peopled. In the spring there is seldom much rain or long continued droughts; but the autumnal rains last a month; in the close of the season, the sky presents the most perfect clearness, while the middle of the day is as warm as in our June. The heat in summer is very oppressive, but the winter does not last more than two months. The physicians in all the large towns are Greeks, and well-informed men; the surgeons generally Albanians, and very ignorant. Mr. Hobhouse mentions a method of kneading the shoulders and pulling the limbs which he saw practised for a cold, and as singular a remedy for fevers. The patient stretches out his arm, and the doctor runs his thumb forcibly along the principal artery, from the wrist up to the shoulder. This he repeats several times, until he has thrown the man into a complete perspiration, when he covers him up warm, and considers him in a fair way of recovery. and The Albanians are of middle stature, muscular, and I the straight in their make, and particularly small round the loins; the expression of their eyes is very lively; their chests full and broad. They wear a tight girdle round their waists, and puncture and stain their skin. The women are tall and strong, rather than beautiful, and bear many marks of wretchedness in their general appearance. Their common dress is a coarse cotton, with the head covered by a shawl, clasped under their ears. Some of them substitute a white woollen dress; and some of the younger women, wear a kind of scull-cap, under which the hair is braided, and flows down, strung with their smaller pieces of money. The Albanian women have a general taste for the fantastical in their dress, and are not very scrupulous as to clean liness. The common attire of the men is a shirt of cotton, generally worn from white to quite black, and often falling to shreds, and well inhabited before it is changed; drawers of the same materials; a mantle of white woollen, and a large great coat, or capote, famed in our poet Spenser's time, "huge capote Albanese wise." This has loose open sleeves, and a hood which hangs in a square piece behind, but when used upon the head it is fastened into form by a long needle, or sometimes with a pistol ramrod. It is also made of white woollen, or sometimes of horse-hair. Their waist-girdle is a coarse shawl drawn very tight by a belt that contains their pistols. When they go to rest, they loosen this, draw the capote about them, and frequently have no other covering. In the summer they throw off the capote, and sometimes the mantle. The poorest Albanian is not to be found without his pistols; and the long gun, in the use of which, they are very dexterous, has a place in every cottage. Besides their pistols, their belt generally contains a case knife, variously ornamented, and the handle strung with amulets; and the "calamaro," a sort of portable inkstand and pen, of which they are said to be very proud, whether they can use it or not." The whole Albanian costume, when quite clean and new," says Mr. Hobhouse, "is incomparably more elegant than any worn in the Turkish empire, and it may be made very costly. The agas, who can afford such an expence, to their other two jackets, add a third without sleeves; and all three of ALBANIA. these suits being of velvet,.richly worked with inlaid gold or silver, the body of the dress has the appearance, and, indeed, almost the stiffness, of a coat of mail." Lord Byron says the resemblance between the Albanians and Highlanders, struck him forcibly. Their cottages are neat, and consist generally of one Houses and floor, divided into two rooms, in one of which they keep manners. their maize in the stalk, or their grapes, which they sprinkle with salt to preserve them. Each person generally has a small garden; and the villages have a green for holiday sports, and a circular piece of paved ground attached to it, on which their corn is trodden out by eight or nine horses abreast, driven round a stake fixed in the centre. The principal food of the Albanians is wheaten or barley bread, or cakes of boiled or roasted maize, cheese made of goat's milk, rice mixed with butter, eggs, dried fish, olives, and other vegetables. Sometimes they kill a kid or sheep, and fowls are every where plentiful, but their proportion of animal food is always small compared with their vegetables. Both Mahometans and Christians drink wine, and an ardent spirit called rackee, extracted from grape husks and barley; they take also water in large draughts, and during the most violent exercise without any apparent inconvenience. Coffee is found in some houses in the towns. The Albanians are generally temperate, economical, and even avaricious; but they are idle and ignorant as husbandmen, many of whose most important avocations they transfer to the women. Until lately, the whole country was infested with strong bands of robbers, and though they have been greatly suppressed by the strict police of Ali Pasha, it is not thought disgraceful to have been connected with them, and they are still very able at their trade. Robbing and stealing are said to be reckoned two such different vices, that while in the former they will even glory, from the latter the lowest orders are remarkably free. The Albanians have some curious forms of salutation. Salutations. From the rising of the sun to three hours afterwards, they say 'mire nestrascia,' or 'nestrascia emire,' good' morning. From the third hour to noon,' mire minghiessi,' literally, a good cheese-making to you, from the time: when the shepherds make their cheese. Good day, good evening, and good night, are used much the same as amongst us. To a man in his own house they say, mire mbe sctepij, well at home; to a person at work, mire mbe pune, well at your work; and mire mbe dieli,. well in the sun, to those who are reclining in the sun. The Albanians are extremely fond of music, and every common troop of soldiers is provided with its mandoline and singer. As soon as the daily occupation is over, the Albanian begins to sing and play; he is his own composer and poet, and the music is generally nothing more than a repetition of monotonous sounds, struck at random with the fingers from an uncouth mandoline, and accompanied with rough, howling tones of the voice. Their fondness for the dance is equally strong; and the execution of it, for gracefulness, somewhat similar. As a specimen of Albanian manners we subjoin Mr. Hobhouse's account of this their favourite amusement : Albanian dances. ALBANIA. with the most persevering energy and outrageous glee. I allude to their dances, which, though principally resorted to after the fatigues of a march, and during their nights on the mountains, are yet occasionally their diversion on the green of their own villages. There is in them only one variety: either the hands of the party (a dozen or more in number), are locked in each other behind their backs; or every man has a handkerchief in his hand, which is held by the next to him, and so on through a long string of them. The first is a slow dance: the party stand in a semicircle; and their musicians in the middle, a fidler, and a man with a lute, continue walking from side to side, accompanying with their music the movements, which are nothing but the bending and unbending of the two ends of the semicircle, with some very slow footing, and now and then a hop. Handker "But in the handkerchief dance, which is accomchief dance. panied by a song from themselves, or which is, more properly speaking, only dancing to a song, they are very violent. It is upon the leader of the string that the principal movements devolve, and all the party take this place by turns. He begins at first opening the song, and footing quietly from side to side; then he hops quickly forward, dragging the whole string after him in a circle; and then twirls round, dropping frequently on his knee, and rebounding from the ground with a shout; every one repeating the burden of the song, and following the example of the leader, who, after hopping, twirling, dropping on the knee, and bounding up again several times round and round, resigns his place to the man next to him. The new Coryphæus leads them through the same evolutions, but endeavours to exceed his predecessor in the quickness and violence of his measures; and thus they continue at this sport for several hours, with very short intervals, seeming to derive fresh vigour from the words of the song, which is perhaps changed once or twice during the whole time. Music. Trade. "In order to give additional force to their vocal music, it is not unusual for two or three old men of the party to sit in the middle of the ring, and to set the words of the song at the beginning of each verse, at the same time with the leader of the string; and one of them has often a lute to accompany their voices. "It should have been told that the lute is a very simple instrument; a three-stringed guitar, with a very long neck and a small round base, whose music is very monotonous, and which is played with what I shall be excused for calling a plectrum, made of a piece of quill, half an inch in length. The majority of the Albanians can play on this lute, which, however, is only used for, and are just sufficient for the accompaniment, and marking the time of their songs. "The same dance can be executed by one performer; who, in that case, does not himself sing, but dances to the voice and lute of a single musician. We saw a boy of fifteen, who, by some variation of the figure, and by the ease with which he performed the pirouette, and the other difficult movements, made a very agreeable spectacle of this singular performance." The trade of Albania is not inconsiderable, and is much encouraged by the reigning Pasha. The exports, which are chiefly conducted through the gulf of Arta, are grain, timber, oil, tobacco, cotton, and wool; but the merchants who conduct it reside principally at ALBANIA Ioannina. The grain is chiefly Indian corn, and upwards of fifty cargoes annually are sent out to the Ionian isles, the shores of Italy, and Malta; but the Vizier has monopolized and injured this trade. The timber is grown almost on the shores; a French agent resided at Arta, during part of the revolutionary war, to contract for supplies of it to the marine arsenals of France. The tobacco is cultivated chiefly in Upper Albania. The cotton and cotton-yarn are received through Thessaly, and exported to the German and Italian ports of the Adriatic. The only manufactured article which is exported is the Albanian capote, before described, in which they are said to return 150,000 piastres annually. The imports are sugar, coffee, gunpowder, fire-arms, ironmongery, common cloths, linen, and velvets. The chief connections of the coast are with Greek houses at Trieste, and Maltese houses, through which they receive the manufactures of Great Britain. bits. The characteristic of this people is their love of war; Warlike and they are found in the Turkish service, in all parts of the Ottoman empire. Accustomed to the cold temperature of their mountains, and defended by their thick capotes, they dread neither heat nor cold; they seldom make use of barracks or tents when out on service, and are incomparably more active than any other portion of the Turkish soldiery. They are temperate and extremely sober, when engaged in this their favourite pursuit; a few black olives, or pilchards, with from one to two pounds of flour of maize, or wheat, is their general military ration. To their bravery we have already adverted, and they seem to have imbibed almost a contempt of death. M. de Vaudoncourt (Memoirs of the Ionian Islands, &c. 8vo.) gives an instance of this, which occurred under his own observation. "An individual of the Liapis clan being Anecdote condemned to death, was brought out to be conveyed to the place of execution, which was situated without the walls of Prevesa. Being arrived about midway, he passed by a large fig-tree;" Why," said he to those who conducted him, "do you wish me to travel half a league further in the hottest part of the day? Can't you hang me here?" This favour was granted him, and he himself put the rope round his own neck. A few hours afterwards, another Liapis passed by the same place, and seeing that the clothes of the deceased were better than his own, with the greatest indifference he began to undress him, and exchanged them for his own rags." The Albanians are known by the name of Arnauts in the Turkish armies, a name that is transferred occasionally to all the inhabitants of the country; but the title of honour, in which they take the highest pride, is that of Palikari, which signifies brave. Their discipline is very imperfect, and Imperfe they have hardly any conception of what it is to observe disciplin rank or file. A column of 6000 men will straggle over five or six leagues in marching; and when they arrive at the scene of action, like their remotest ancestors, they begin the battle with loud shrieks and reproaches, which they renew at every pause; their fire commences entirely at their own will, and each troop in battle collects round its chief, and fights separately from the neighbouring one. The usual arms of the Albanians are two pistols in the sash or girdle; an atagar, or cutlass, slightly bent forward, resembling the harpion of the an SI. ¿ANIA. cient Greeks; a sabre bent backward, hung to a belt and placed horizontally; and a long musket. They are imBAN'S, patient to come to close quarters with their side-arms, of which they make the most effectual use. The fine arts are unknown amongst the Albanians, and the mechanical arts chiefly exercised by foreign residents. There is an university in the neighbouring district of Ioannina, and some learned Greek professors; but the three exclusive professions of the Albanians, properly so called, are those of shepherd, agriculturalist, and warrior. zion The only two religions publicly acknowledged in Almorala bania are the Mussulman and that of the Greek church. Jews are tolerated, and Latin catholics are found amongst the foreign residents; indeed the system of Ali Pasha is that of the most complete toleration, and the Mahometan makes no difficulty in observing Easter occasionally with the Greeks, who, in return, will assist at the Mussulman Rhamazan, as family alliances or personal interest may require. Little can be said in favour of their morals. The remains of a feudal independence among the clans keep the country in comparative anarchy, even under the most rigid general government, and tombs and bones scattered every where attest the frequency of desperate quarrels. The wandering race, known under the name of gypsies in England, and called by the Turks Tehinguenes, are exitality, tremely numerous here. But the rights of hospitality are as much respected in the wildest districts of Albania as in the early days of Greece; and should a traveller among the mountains accidentally enter under the roof of a robber-chief, he may rely on protection, and even courtesy. Some of the usages described by Homer will still be found here. When a stranger, for instance, arrives in a village, he is immediately surrounded by its chiefs; if the weather be fine he is invited to the public square, when the old men interrogate him respecting his country and travels, and relate to him their chief affairs. He is presented with wine and fruits; and, at the hour of usual repast, invited to one of their houses; a sheep roasted whole is placed upon the table, which is surrounded by the principal inhabitants, and he is invited to eat it with their homemade unleavened bread. M. de Vaudoncourt describes himself as having thus been received in their districts. Land of Albania! where Iskander rose, Theme of the young, and beacon of the wise, GOD! was thy globe ordained for such to win and lose? Childe Harold passed o'er many a mount sublime, Iskander is the Turkish word for Alexander, the christian name of Scanderberg; whose countryman, Mr. Gibbon, makes Alexander the Great. ALBANIÆ PORTÆ, in Ancient Geography, a name given to the defiles which opened across Caucasus into Albania in Asia. ALBANO, a well-built town of Italy, standing on or near the site of the ancient Alba Longa. It is situated in the once happy and fertile province of Campania, about fifteen miles S. E. of Rome, on a beautiful lake of the same name, and is still frequented by the nobility and gentry of that city as a place of pleasure and retirement during the summer months. Among the remains of antiquity in this place, are still seen the ruins of the supposed tombs of Ascanius, son of Æneas, and of the Horatii and Curatii; or, as some have alleged, of Pompey the Great. Here also are the ruins of the palace of the emperor Domitian; and on the top of Mount Albano, generally called Monte Cavo, those of a temple dedicated to Jupiter and Juno.. ALBAN'S (St.), a market town of great antiquity, in Hertfordshire, whose history is connected with and elucidates the earliest records of the Christian faith in this island. At the close of the third century, the first Christian Martyrdom martyrdom in England, of which we have any account, of Alban. took place on or very near the site of this town, in the person of a man of the name of Alban, a native of the ancient Verulam, from the ruins of which city St. Alban's was erected. Though somewhat irreverently spoken of by Milton, in his History of England, this circumstance stands upon authority which never yet has been disputed; and his persecutors are said to have inscribed the account of his murder upon marble, and inserted it in the city walls. It is true, however, as Milton asserts, that the " story of his martyrdom," has been "soil'd, and worse martyr'd with the fabling zeal of some idle fancies, more fond of miracles than apprehensive of truth." The ancient Verulam, or Virulamium, was a consi- Verulam. derable city of the Britons, and the seat of the princes ST. Verulam. ST. venues. cessors in perpetuity, the payment of Peter-pence ALBAN'S (which had originally been granted for the maintenance of a Saxon college at Rome); the monastery, which was richly endowed, was dedicated to the perpetual main- Monastery tenance of one hundred benedictine monks," and the entertainment of all travellers who should seek relief within its precincts." It is not necessary to detail the history, however curious, of this famous monastery, and the various improvements, &c. it underwent under the abbots by which it was governed till the period of its dissolution by Henry VIII. At that time its entire revenues were estimated, according to Dugdale, at 21021. 7s. 14d. per annum; but Speed says, they amounted to 25101. 6. 14d, a sum, in those days, Its readmirably calculated to inflame the zeal and tempt the cupidity of the new "head of the church." The abbey church, however, was not disposed of till the reign of Edward VI. who sold it to the inhabitants of St. Alban's for 4007. This venerable and beautiful structure is still standing, and contains, besides the remains of its tutelar saint, the ashes of king Offa, and those of Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, the youngest son of Henry IV. The church of St. Michael, in this town, was Churches the burial place of the celebrated Lord Bacon. There is St. Alban a third parish church dedicated to St. Helen; besides several places of worship for Protestant dissenters. The neighbourhood is also distinguished in history for two decisive battles fought here between the armies attached to the houses of York and Lancaster; the first took place in the year 1451, the last ten years afterwards. In this engagement Queen Margaret, who was along with the troops, rescued her husband from captivity. ALBAN'S, of the Cassii. If the Roman historians may be relied upon, it was built even before London itself. British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities have rewarded the laboHistory of rious researches of antiquaries, during the period of upwards of 1000 years; nor is the stock of these venerable remains even yet exhausted; a portion of the massy walls of the original city may still be discovered, as also several indications of extensive streets. Tacitus gives this city the name of Verulamium; and Ptolemy that of Urolamium. The Roman invaders, from whom doubtless it derived its greatest strength, beauty, and importance dignified it with the privileges of a municipium, and this as early as Aulus Plautius. It was afterwards made a free imperial city of the Roman empire. These advances towards grandeur and importance, at length inflamed the patriotic envy of queen Boadicea, who, at the head of a powerful army, made a vigorous assault upon this rising colony. The elegant pen of Tacitus has recorded these attempts of the native Britons with a portion of acrimony and insinuation hardly worthy so faithful an historian. Boadicea, however, ultimately failed in her enterprize, and Verulam again rose to its former lustre. When the overgrown empire of Rome had become too unwieldy for the management of its proud and extravagant masters, and their legions had finally abandoned the shores of our island, the incursions of the Saxons extended to this city; to which they gave the name of Werlamcestre, and Watlingceastre; the former a corruption of its Romish appellation; the latter evidently derived from its connection with the celebrated Roman via ficinalis, called Watlingstreet. Its early name of Verulam was clearly connected with the river Ver, near which it stood. Matthew Paris calls this the Werlam river. Uter Pendragon, after an obstinate seige, wrested this city from the Saxons; but they recovered it again; on which occasion it is supposed they demolished the public edifices and other buildings, and put the inhabitants to the sword. After this event, no mention is made of this place in history during more than two centuries, though there is good ground for supposing that it was not completely deserted till the rise of the present town of St. Alban's, in connection with the following circumstances. Saxon names. Rise of St. Alban's. Offa, the celebrated Mercian king, being at Bath, "in the rest and silence of the night," fancied that an angel appeared to him, directing him to raise the precious relics of the martyr Alban from the ruins of this place, and to enshrine it with ornaments more suitable to the dignity and virtues of the proto-martyr of Britain. The real, or supposed remains of the martyr having been discovered, they were conveyed with great pomp and ceremony to "a certain church, small in size, that had formerly been constructed by the new converts to Christianity, without the walls of Verulam, in honour of the blessed martyr, and on the very spot where he suffered." The venerable Bede, who died only fifty-five years previous to Offa's visit to Verulam, describes this church as one of "admirable workmanship, and worthy of such a martyr." After the body had been enshrined, Offa is said to have placed a circle of gold round the scull of the saint, inscribed with his name and title; and to have set about to fulfil his intention of erecting a monastery in this place. Having obtained the approbation of the Pope, in the granting of which the pontiff contrived to secure to himself, and his suc The borough gaol of St. Alban's is a wooden building, Prisons. in which few prisoners are ever confined; but in which the mixture of men and women in the apartments (separated by an open railing alone, the bars of which are six inches distant from each other) is most objectionable. The Abbey of St. Alban's gateway contains the entrance to the House of Correction on one side, and the gaol for the Liberty of St. Alban's on the other. Mr. BUXTON, a benevolent individual, who, with S. Hoare, jun. Esq. visited these prisons in January and February of the present year (1818), thus describes their wretched state and regulations: ton's ac count of "House of Correction, generally for persons sentenced Mr. Bax to hard labour.-There is no salary for a clergyman, and no provision of labour. One pound and a half of bread their sta is the daily allowance to each individual, and no firing. The room in which they pass the day, cook their victuals, and sleep at night, was very close, and emitted a very offensive smell. The necessary is in a closet in the same room. The bed consisted of straw on the floor, with four blankets and two rugs for five men; one of them looked exceedingly ill. There is no infirmary, no clothes allowed, and all were very ragged. I asked the gaoler, do you think the prisoners' morals improved by coming here? No, sir, quite the contrary, they do one another mischief; they go out worse than they come in; and so it must be till old offenders are separated from others, and till they are employed.' "The Gaol for the Liberty of St. Alban's.-No fire; one pound and a half of bread per day. I asked the gaoler if this was sufficient. Some, he said, could eat double as much. No separation, except between men and women. The men's sleeping room is without air or light, except what may be received through a grating, AN'S which T. ANY opens into a passage, which opens into the day room, which communicates with the yard. The building is an old fortification, and into this room there is one of the loop-holes, which are common in such buildings; but this was stopped to exclude the cold air. When the door was open, it was so dark that we hesitated about entering, being unable to perceive whether there was or was not a step. We were informed there was a load of straw, which we never saw: one blanket and some straw is the bedding allowed. The men are employed in making straw hats, baskets, &c. Women have no work at all. In the absence of the keeper, we asked the men to tell us truly, whether they were better or worse for being there? A decent looking man answered, In truth. sir, we all grow worse; I confess I have.' I asked the gaoler the same question; his answer was, 'If I must say the truth, they do all grow worse; they go out more corrupted than they come in; it must be so. There are in that yard all manner of offenders. That boy,' mentioning a lad about 20, robbed his master in London, and was committed to Newgate, and condemned to be hanged. He was saved by the intercession of his father, who is a very respectable and opulent man; he robbed his father to a great extent, and he is sent here for eighteen months for another robbery. Now he is such a desperate wicked character, as to be sufficient to corrupt all the boys, and men too, that come here in that time; he knows all the practices of London, and has told them to his companions. In the same yard are several boys for poaching, for keeping sporting dogs, and slight offences."" BUXTON, on Prison Discipline, 8vo. 1818. We hold it put these statements upon record, to contribute, at least, to the investigation of such abuses. On the site of the present market-house, which was built in the year 1810, formerly stood a cross, dedicated to the memory of queen Margaret. Edward VI. in the year 1553, granted to this town the honours and privileges of a corporate borough; and it now returns two members to parliament. The family of Beauclerc derive the title of duke from the place; and the WalterGrimston family that of baron from its ancient name of Verulam. According to the census of 1811, the population amounts to 2,152 persons, of whom nearly onethird are employed in trade, manufactures, and handicraft. There is a considerable trade in straw-platting for bonnets and hats carried on here. The town consists of three principal streets; it is 21 miles from London, and 13 from Hertford. ALBANS, ST. a township in Franklin county, Vermont, in the United States of America; also a village on the shores of lake Champlain, situated between 30 and 40 miles from Burlington. ALBAN'S HEAD, or HIGHLAND, ST. a cape, or point of land lying in the county of Dorset, a little east of the town of Weymouth. W. lon. 20, 10'. N. lat. 50°, 4'. ALBANUS, in Ancient Geography, a mountain near Alba, and about sixteen miles from Rome, where the Latinæ feriæ were celebrated. There was a lake at its foot about seven miles in circumference, called the Alban lake, and the neighbourhood was adorned with the villas of the opulent Romans. ALBANY, a county of North America, in the state of New York, on Hudson's river, between Ulster and Saratoga, by which, with Schenectady county, it is bounded on the N. having the county of Hudson or VOL. XVII. RAZIN. Rensselaer on the E.; Green county on the S.; and ALBANÝ. Schoharie county on the W. It comprehends an extent of about 462 square miles, and is of early origin ALBARin the history of America. The state of which it forms a part became a regular settlement, under the Dutch, about the year 1614, and Albany county sent two representatives, or delegates, to its first legislative assem-. bly, in 1691. This district has a great variety of soil and produce; it is agreeably diversified with hills and dales (for perhaps no part of these deserves the name of mountain or valley), and is watered by numerous navigable creeks, lakes, and rivers. In some places, particularly near its northern boundary, the land is nearly barren; indeed, though this county is deemed one of no small importance in North American statistics, the progress of cultivation does not appear to have been very rapid. The population in 1810 amounted to 34,660. The county town is ALBANY, the capital of the state of New York, situated on the western banks of the Hudson, about 160 miles north of the city of New York, and 394 south of Quebec. This is one of the most important cities, in a statistical point of view, in the United States; being but little inferior to New York itself, in wealth, population, trade, and commerce. It derives some considerable advantages from its situation, as a central point of communication on the great roads between the eastern states and the western country. In 1797, it is said to have contained about 6000 inhabitants, and in 1810 to have doubled that number. Here are several good places of worship for the episcopalians, presbyterians, the baptists, the methodists, &c. Besides these, there are numerous public buildings connected with the municipal government of the city, the commerce, manufactures, and amusements of the inhabitants. A reservoir of hewn stone, constructed on a rising ground, near the capitol, or state-house, receives the water from a spring a few miles distant, with which the inhabitants are plentifully supplied, through numerous small aqueducts. There are works for the manufacture of mustard, chocolate, tobacco, snuff, starch, &c. in the neighbourhood, equal in extent of business to any on this continent. The climate is healthy; and the inhabitants a mixture of almost every nation. The communication between this place and the city of New York, has, within these few years past, been greatly facilitated by the construction of steam boats, which perform their passages in about thirty-five hours, notwithstanding some rapids and shoals which are found in the course of this passage; and also against the tides, which often are very strong in the current of the river. ALBANY RIVER, in North America, falls into James's bay, after running in a N. E. direction, and communicating with several small lakes southward of Winnipeg lake. It lies in 84°, 30'. W. lon. and 51°, 30'. N. lat. ALBARIUM OPUS, in Ancient Architecture, the white covering or incrustation of the roofs of houses, and said to be made entirely of lime. The workmen were called Albarii and Albini. ALBARRAZIN, a strongly-fortified town of Spain, in the province of Arragon, near the river Guadalaviar, on the frontiers of New Castile, about 30 miles from Saragossa. It is one of the most ancient towns of Spain, being the see of a bishop, and containing three parishes. The fine wool, known by the name of Arra 2 L |