VER- or fit for the wars; to train up in martial discipline. RY. Cotgrave.

GY.

ANI.

never seen an enemy.

An army the best aguerried of any troops in Europe that have Lyttelton AGUIGNAN, or Island of Holy Angels, one of the Ladrone islands, about a mile distant from Tinan. Servitores, a Spanish priest, visited it in the year 1669. It is about nine miles in circumference. E. lon. 146°. N. lat. 14°, 48'.

AGUILA VILLA GUTTIEREZ DE LA, formerly a considerable town of Mexico, in the Guadalaxara, about nine leagues E. from Xeres.

AGUILLANEUF, in Ancient Customs, (French a, to, gui, misletoe, and l'an neuf, the new year) principally applied to an old Druidical custom among the Franks of welcoming in the new year. Some of the Druids, or priests, gathered misletoe from the oak with a golden instrument in the month of December, while others received the sacred symbol in a white cloth. On the first day of the year, the misletoe was distributed amongst the people, with cries of "A gui l'an neuf," which was considered as a sort of blessing, or consecration of it.

AGUIRRA, a river in South America, in Guiana. It has its source about fifty miles north of the Orinoco, into which it falls. It is a navigable river; but only by means of small shallops, large vessels being considerably impeded by the tall trees, which line and overhang its banks. AGUISE', T. See GUISE. To prepare a dress, or

ornament.

And other whiles vaine toyes she would devise
As her fantastick wit did most delight:
Sometimes her head she fondly would aguise
With gaudie girlonds, or fresh flowrets dight
About her neck, or rings of rushes plight.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, book ii, c. vi.

Then gan this crafty couple to devise, How for the court they might themselves aguise. Ib. Mother Hubbard's Tale. AGURAH, in Jewish Antiquity (in the Septuagint, oßolos), a Jewish coin, equal to one-twentieth part of the shekel. Sometimes it was called gerah, or keshitah.

AGY

AHMEDABAD.

AGYRIUM, or AGURIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town in the interior of Sicily, which gave birth to Dio- RIUM. dorus Siculus, so named because born in this island. The inhabitants were sometimes called Agyrinenses. AHANTA, the richest and most improved district on the Gold coast of Africa, extending from the Ancobra to the Chamah; having Apollonia on the W. and the Fantee territories on the E. Almost every species of tropical produce is found here in abundance, particularly the sugar cane, which grows to a very great height;-also most kinds of serviceable timber, especially a very fine wood not much inferior to mahogany. Gold appears in considerable quantities on the coast; but is not allowed to be procured, except in some of the inland parts. The gold dust of Warsaw and Dinkara is reckoned very fine. The people, who are well disposed towards strangers, are governed by a limited monarchy.

AHEAD'. On head.

And so, some mounted vpon the walles, and threwe themselfe from
Nicoll's Thucidides, fol. 47, c. 2.
The flattering index of a direfull pageant;
One heau'd ahigh, to be hurl'd downe below.
Shakespeare. Rich. III. act iv.

since.

AGYEI, in Antiquity, obelisks or columns, put up in the streets of cities, and dedicated to Apollo, whose image they bore. Apollo was called Agyieus, from the Greek ayvia, a street; his worship being often performed in the public ways. HORACE, I. iv. ode vi.

AGYLLA, in Ancient Geography, a city of Etruria, about four miles inland, built by some Pelasgians, but afterwards possessed by a colony of Lydians, who changed its name to Cære. STRAB. 1. v. See CERE. AGYNEIA, in Botany, a genus of plants, class Monœcia, order Gynandria.

AGYNIANI (from a priv. and yuvŋ, woman), in Ecclesiastical History, a sect of the 7th century, who proscribed marriage and the use of animal food. Sometimes called Agnnenses and Agynii.

VOL. XVII.

From the dread somnet of this chalkie bourne Looke vp aheight, the shrill-gorg'd larke so farre Cannot be seene, or heard: Do but looke vp.

Id. Lear, act iv.

AHLDEN, or AHLEN, a town and bailiwic, in the kingdom of Hanover, principality of Luneburg, near the river Leine, at a short distance from the Aller. E. lon. 9°, 40', N. lat. 52°, 49'.

AHLEN, the principal town of an upper bailiwic, in Swabia. It was once a free imperial city, and continued to possess that honour till the year 1802. It is situated in the newly created kingdom of Wirtemberg, district of Ellwangen, on the river Kocker, at no great distance from the town of Gemund, and only forty miles from Augsburg. It contains a population of nearly 2,000 inhabitants.

AHMEDABAD, a town of Hindostan, the capital of the province of Gujerat. It was founded by the sultan

2 H

AHRBERG, a market town and castle, in Germany, now included in the Bavarian circle of the Rezat, district of Herrieden, three miles from Ohrenbau. It has a population of upwards of 3,300 persons.

AHRENFELS, an ancient imperial domain of Germany, situated on the Rhine, and formerly of some note. It still has a castle on its borders near Lintz. There is also a village of this name 17 miles N. W. of Coblentz.

AHULL, a sea phrase, applied to a ship when nearly abandoned to the wind and sea; her sails are furled, her rudder useless, and she lies in the trough of the sea, or her broadside to the weather.

AHUN, the principal town of a canton, in the department of the Creuse, arrondisement of Guèret, in France. It is a well built town, though containing only about 130 or 140 houses; and 1600 inhabitants.

When any of the gheastes would have touched any thinge, it vanished suddainely awaie, and was turned to nothinge. And so,

when their eies were ful, they put vp theire kniues and rose ahungred. Jewel's Defence of the Apologie.

AN. The dinner attends you, Sir.
SL. I am not a-hungry, I thank you, forsooth.

Shakespeare. Merry Wives of Windsor, act i.
Of this King Henry [the first] it is said, that he seldom did eat
but when he was a hungry.
Baker's Chronicle.

AHUYS, a town of Sweden, in the island of Gothland, province of Schonen, near the Baltic, and about six miles from Christianstadt, in N. lat. 56°, 20'. E. lon. 14°, 10'. This town derives its principal importance from the circumstance of its being the depôt for the Christianstadt market. It has a tolerably good harbour, and was at one time a strong town.

AHWAS, sometimes called Havisa, a town of Persia, situated in E. lon. 48°, 58'. N. lat. 46°, 10'. It is in the province of Kuzistan, near the river Ahwas, or Karasu, and distant about 48 miles from Suster, the capital. Though once a flourishing town, it is now a place of little note.

The AHWAS river, is said to exceed 400 English miles in length. It is one of the largest rivers in all Persia, and has been supposed to be the Choasapes, of Herodotus, who describes its waters as being so sweet and pleasant, as to induce the Persian kings to refuse all other; and, that they might preserve it during their expeditions, to have previously ordered large quantities of it to be boiled. The Ahwas rises in the mountains of Elwend, pursuing a southern course; one of its branches enters the Tigris, a little above its junction with the Euphrates, while the main stream flows into the estuary of these conjunct rivers. By the edge of this river, at the town to which it gives a name and consequence, stand the ruins of a very large castle or palace, of hewn stone; but by whom, or at what time, it was erected, does not now appear.

AI, in Scripture Geography, a town of Palestine, N.W. of Jericho, and W. of Bethel, contiguous to both

AI.

places. It is called by the Septuagint, Agai, and by Josephus, Aina, and was the place at which the Israelites received their first repulse in entering the land ALAS. of Canaan, on account of Achan's sin.

AJACCIO, or AJAZZO. See ADJACCIO. AIAGHA TAG, a range, or chain of mountains, in Persia, running along the river Ahwas, until it enters the Tigris. This range is supposed to be the Zagres of the ancients, mentioned by Strabo, as on the confines of Media and Babylonia. Its commencement is between Erivan and Nagjowan.

AJALON, in Scripture Geography, a city in the tribe of Dan, between Timnath and Bethshemeth, in whose neighbourhood Joshua commanded the moon to stand still. It was also the name of a town in the tribe of Benjamin, three miles east of Bethel; a third in the tribe of Ephraim, near Shechem; and a fourth in the tribe of Zebulun, whose situation is uncertain.

AJAN, or AXAN, a name given to the eastern coast of Africa, from Cape Guardafui to Magdasho, or Magadoxa. This is thought to be the same as the Azania of Ovid, and Pausanias; in which flowed the anti-vinous fountain of Clitorius. Prior, however, to the accurate and indefatigable researches of Mr. Salt, this maritime district was but little known to modern travellers and geographers. That gentleman describes it as chiefly inhabited by the Somauli tribes, most of whom are Mahometans. Though itself a desert and arid coast, the Persian tribes carry on a considerable trade in ivory, ambergris, and gold; and in the northern and more inland parts, which are somewhat mountainous, myrrh and other aromatics are produced, besides a breed of horses of considerable value. In our map of Africa, the reader will find the coast of Ajan, commencing about 3° N. of the equator, and about 50° E. lon. comprehending about 9° of latitude. See ADEL, which is one of the principal states or kingdoms of this district.

AJAR'. On jar; i. e. on char, on the turn: from the AS. Lýpan, Acypan, to turn.

The leuys remanis vnsterit of thare place,

Na partis not furthe of reule, quhill per case
The pyping wynd blaw vp the dure on char,
And driue the leuis. Douglas, book iii, p. 83. Æned.
There still they lye, nor from their orders moue, if nothing touch,
But when the dore by chance doth turne & wind the corner blowes,
Their heaps asunder fall.
Virgil, by Thomas Phaer. Id.

The mystic numbers, in the cavern laid,
Are rang'd in order by the sacred maid;
There they repose in ranks along the floor;
At length a casual wind unfolds the door;
The casual wind disorders the decrees,
And the loose fates are scatter'd by the breeze.

So rumour says, who will believe,
But that they left the door ajar,
Where safe, and laughing in his sleeve,

He hear'd the distant din of war.

Pitt. Id.

Gray's Long Story. AIAS, or AJASSO, thought to be the Issus of the ancients, where Alexander the Great defeated, with immense slaughter, the Persian army under Darius. See the art. Issus. Aias, or as it is sometimes called, Aisse, is a sea-port town of Asiatic Turkey, in a bay of the Mediterranean, called the gulph of Ajasso. There are several celebrated warm baths here. Thirty-six miles from Marasch. The surrounding country is remarkably fertile..

AJAX, in Grecian Antiquities, a furious dance mentioned by Lucian, and supposed to be so called from its imitating the madness of Ajax, after he was defeated by Ulvsses.

AICHSTADT, a town of Franconia, in Germany, founded in the year 748, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mentz; it afterwards became the capital of a sovereign bishopric, containing ten towns, and a territory of about 50 miles long and 20 broad, which is now included in the Grand Duchy of Salzburg. The town was once celebrated for a superb vessel of gold, called the Sun of the Holy Sacrament, presented to it by the bishop in 1611, of 40 marcs weight, and adorned with the almost incredible number of 350 diamonds, 1400 pearls, and 250 rubies.

Douglas, book vii. p. 234. To Turnus aid,

A thousand men the youthful heroe led.

Dryden. Ib. She [the Duchess of Burgoyne] promised gladly to the messengers not onely to maintaine, ayde, further and succour their purposed entent with money and substaunce, but with all the labour and payne that she might, to encourage, stomach and entise many other to be auders, assisters, and partakers of the same conspiracie, and shortly to ioyne with the chieuetaines of the sayde enterprise.

p.

165.

Grafton, v. ii. He that spendeth his liuelode to helpe the poore at theyr nede, semeth mad vnto hym who hath reposed the ayde of this presente lyfe in worldly riches. Udall, Mark, chap. ii. fo. 22. col. 2. She can unlock

The clasping charm, and thaw the mumming spell,
If she be right invok'd in warbled song;
For maidenhood she loves, and will be swift
To aid a virgin, such as was herself.

Milton. Comus.

The Promise of Mercie, the Grace of God, our Faithe in Christe, Goddes Woorde, and the Holy Sacramentes, that are the aides, and healpes of our Faithe, are of the Holy Anciente Writers called a substance. Jewel's Defence of the Apologie.

Oft have I seene a timely-parted ghost,
Of ashy semblance, meager, pale, and bloodlesse,
Being all descended to the labouring heart,
Who, in the conflict that it holds with death,
Attracts the same for aydance 'gainst the enemy.
Shakespeare. 2d part Henry VI.
power

GENT. Many simples operative, whose
Will close the eye of anguish.

COR.

Our Lord Jesus is the Saviour of all men, as having purchased and procured for them competent aids, whereby they are enabled to perform the conditions required of them in order to their salvation. Barrow's Sermons.

A golden coffer in her hand she bore,
The present treacherous, but the bearer more ;
"Twas fraught with pangs; for Jove ordain'd above,
That gold should aid, and pangs attend on love.

Parnell's Hesiod.

As Theodore was born of noble kind,
The brutal action rous'd his manly mind;
Mov'd with unworthy usage of the maid,
He, though unarm'd, resolv'd to give her aid.

Dryden's Theodore and Hornoria. Neither the towers, nor any other part, nor the whole together, unless well aided by perspective, and the introduction of trees to hide disgusting parts, can furnish a good picture.

Gilpin's Tour to the Lakes of Cumberland, &c.
Sure there is need of social intercourse,
Benevolence, and peace, and mutual aid,
Between the nations in the world, that seems
To toll the death-bell of its own decease.

Couper's Task.

The person, who shall dare to commit another contrary to this law [the Habeas Corpus Act], shall be disabled from bearing any office, shall incur the penalty of a præmunire, and be incapable of receiving the king's pardon: and the party suffering shall also have his private action against the person committing, and all his aiders, advisers, and abettors, and shall recover treble costs.

Blackstone's Commentaries.

AID, in Feudal Customs, was a sum of money due to the lord from his tenants on customary occasions; and differed from a tax, in that it could not be levied at pleasure. Magna Charta provides that no Aids can be taken by the king without the consent of parliament, nor in anywise by inferior lords, except only the three ancient ones, "for making the lord's eldest son a knight, for marrying his eldest daughter, and for ransoming his person if he shall be taken prisoner."

AID of the KING, in Law, is where a tenant of the king prays aid of the king on account of rent demanded of him by others. This aid stops all other proceedings, until the king's cause shall be heard by his Counsel; but an aid cannot be granted after issue.

An AID in EXTENT is much of the same nature: the king's debtor prays aid of the king, to secure his (the debtor's) claim upon a third party's estate, because if that debt, owing to the king's debtor, be not discharged, he shall be therefore the less able to discharge his own debt to the king. An aid in extent cannot be supported after issue joined between the other parties.

AID PRAYER, in Law, a term used for a petition in court, which implores help from another person interested in the case at issue. This junction gives strength to both the party praying, and to that granting the aid. Thus a tenant for life, or a term of years, may pray in aid of him in reversion.

AID DE CAMP, in Military Tactics, an officer of a certain regimental rank, usually not under that of captain, appointed to accompany the person of a general. His duty, as well in the field, in action, as at all other places and times, is to carry especial messages, orders from battalion to battalion, or any other command of the general, to whose staff he is said to belong. The king may nominate as many aids-de-camp attendant upon his own person as he pleases, and confers the rank of colonel by this appointment. Full generals, being field-marshals, have four aides-de-camp, lieutenant-generals two, and major-generals but one aid-de ·

ATLES pear. Subsequently, however, it became a royal manor, BURY. belonging to William the Conqueror, who invested his favourites with some of his lands, under the singular tenure of providing "straw for his bed and chamber, and three eels for his use in winter; and in summer, straw, rushes, and two green geese, thrice every year, if he should visit Ailesbury so often." Monarchs of later ages would deem this somewhat "hard measure;" but, as appears by the first volume of the Archæologia, straw was used for the royal bed as late as the reign of Henry VIII. In the reign of this monarch, the manor of Ailesbury was purchased by Sir John Baldwin, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, having then descended to the heir of the earl of Wilts and Ormond, who had inherited it from the Fitz-Piers, Earls of Essex. The daughter of Sir John Baldwin having been married to one of the Packingtons, this manor came into that family, and has regularly descended in that line to the present times. This town is most delightfully situate in " The Vale of Aylesbury." Aylesbury's a vale that walloweth in her wealth,

"

And (by her wholesome air, continually in health)

Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength."
Drayton's Poly-Olbion.

Fuller, in his "Worthies of England," says, "the best, and biggest-bodied sheep in England, are in the Vale of Ailesbury, where it is nothing to give ten pounds or more for a breed-ram. So that, should a forrainer here of the price thereof, he would guess the ram rather to be some Roman engine of battery, than the creature commonly so called." The same writer also remarks, that in this vale an "intire pasture, called Beryfield, in the manor of Quarendon, is let yearly for eight hundred pounds, the tenant not complaining of his bargain." Fuller wrote in the year 1662. In Leland's time the houses were of timber, but now they are mostly of brick. Though the county gaol is at Aylesbury, the summer assizes are holden at Buckingham. They were, however, at one time, removed to this town, and the Lent assizes are still holden here. It consists of several irregular streets, containing, altogether, according to the last census, 729 houses, occupied by 3447 inhabitants. The county hall is a handsome modern fabric, and the church a very ancient and spacious edifice. It was made prebendal to the see of Lincoln by William the First. The town was incorporated by royal charter, and empowered to return two members to Parliament in 1553. In the Rolls chapel, among the writs for the parliamentary returns, in the 14th Eliz. is a curious document, addressed by "Dame Dorothy Packington, late wife of Sir John Packington, Kt. lord and owner of the town of Aylesbury," to "all Christian people, &c." stating, that she had chosen, named, and appointed her trusty and well-beloved Thomas Litchfield and George Burden, Esqrs. to be her burgesses of her said town of Aylesbury;" and further stating, that whatever the said Thomas and George should "do in the service of the Queen's Highness, in that present parliament," &c. "she did ratify and approve to be of her own act, as fully and wholly as if she were witness or present there!" On first receiving the privileges of a borough, the electors of Aylesbury were confined to the bailiff, nine aldermen, and twelve burgesses: but this charter being lost through neglect, the elective franchise was ex

AIM.

tended to all householders, not receiving alms; who AILESamounted to between 300 and 400. This privilege BURY. also having been abused and corrupted, in the year 1804 a bill was brought into parliament for still further extending the right of election to the three adjoining hundreds; so that the number of voters are now nearly tripled. Besides the church, already mentioned, there are places of worship for several denominations of Protestant Dissenters.

During the late exile of the royal family of France, Aylesbury very sensibly felt the benefits of having even a banished monarch in its neighbourhood. Louis XVIII. with various members of his family, resided some years at Hartwell, about two miles from the town; and here his amiable consort, Marie Josephine Louise de Lavoie, Comtesse de Lille, died on the 13th Nov. 1810, in her 58th year.

Aylesbury gives the title of earl to the Brudenel family.

AILSA, a rocky islet, about 940 feet high, and two miles in circumference, near the isle of Bute, on the western coast of Scotland, seven miles from the shore. W. lon. 5°, 8'. N. lat. 55°, 18'. It is of considerable use as a land-mark, and is remarkable for the great quantities of sea-fowl, and solan geese, with which it abounds; as also for the goats and rabbits that inhabit its acclivities. The ruins of an ancient castle stand on this rock, which some writers have ascribed to Philip II. of Spain, but upon what authority is uncertain.

AILWESTON, a township of England, in the county of Hunts, about two miles from St. Neots and fiftyeight from London. At one time this place was celebrated for some medicinal springs, now disused. AIM, v.

Fr. Aesme. Esme; from the Lat.
AIM, n.
Adæstimare. Menage. Skinner he-
AIM'LESS. sitates; but adds to Estimare, i. e. to
weigh attentively: for we usually, before we throw
or strike at a mark, consider it well, and estimate
or reckon the distance of it accurately. And in this
application it is constantly used, both literally and
metaphorically.

Then Turnus aiming long in hand a dart of sturdy oke
Well tipt with steele, at Pallas forth it flung, and thus he spoke,
Lo, see if that our dart be sharper than thy weapon was.
The tenth Book of Aeneidos, by Phaer and Twyne.
Here first this goddesse faire, with passing speedy course doth light,
And from this hillocke farre at Aruns aimes within her sight.
The eleventh Booke of Aeneidos, by Twyne.

First, that I must kneeling yield Both the bow and shaft I held Unto her; which love might take At her hand, with oaths, to make Me the scope of his next draft, Aimed, with that self-same shaft.

Ben Jonson's Underwoods. Distemper'd, discontented thoughts, Vain hopes, vain aims, inordinate desires, Blown up with high conceits ingendering pride. Milton. Paradise Lost, book iv. All might go well in the common-wealth, if every one in the parliament would lay down his own interest, and aim at the general Selden's Table Talk. good. He that aims at a good end, and knows he uses proper means to Barrow's Sermons.

attain it, why should be despair of success.

Its proper power to hurt each creature feels.
Bulls aim their horns, and asses lift their heels.

Pope's Horace, book ii.