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jointed, or chain and screw harrow, plate I. fig. 4, consists CULTU of two triangular harrows so put together by joints as RAL to form a square frame; they are drawn by one of the MENTS. angles of the square. A chain is applied across the harrow which tends to keep the two parts together, or if this chain is shortened, the two parts of the harrow may be made to incline from one plane, so as to fit the hollow of a furrow, if it is required to pass a harrow down a furrow.

Various harrows.

This was invented by Mr. Sandilands, and its properties are, that if the ridges of the land are high and narrow, and require to be harrowed from one end to the other, by lengthening the chain (which the screw commands), the harrow, when drawn along, forms an angle downwards, so as to miss none of the curve of the ridge so far as it extends; this may be nine feet in length, in the direction of the joint between the two, and the distance in the direction of the chain is five feet six inches. When the crowns of the ridges have received sufficient harrowing lengthwise, the chain is to be shortened by the screw so as to form an angle upwards, the harrow is then drawn by the horses, one on each side the furrow, which completely harrows it, and the sides of the ridges, if eighteen feet broad. When even ground, or high ridges are to be harrowed across, the harrow can be made horizontal by the screw, so as to work like a solid harrow which has no joint.

The bush-harrow is formed by the interweaving of some kind of brush-wood in a frame constructed for the purpose. It is occasionally employed in putting in grass or other small seeds, as well as for harrowing in dung and earthy composts into grass lands.

The double seed harrow consists of two small harrows joined together by a piece of wood, or iron, which is screwed at each end to the middle bull of each, and is called a lay-over. This harrow is much in use in the northern parts of England, and is often drawn by one horse. It is very necessary to have some plan to prevent the harrows from getting one upon the other, when more than one is used; the lay-over seems to answer this purpose; or the harrows may be joined together by hooks and eyes.

The grass harrow is a small light kind of harrow, with short tines, set very close. It is beneficial in covering grass, or other small kinds of seed, for it is capable not only of rendering the bed of the mould much more fine, but also of introducing the seed to the most proper depth, and covering it in the most complete manner.

The iron harrow (constructed wholly of that metal) was invented by Mr. Arthur Young, in consequence of his finding, from experience, that wooden harrows soon decay, and in many cases are much too light to answer the intended purpose.

The wheeled harrow consists of a frame of wood somewhat in the form of the common harrow, to the fore part of which a pair of low wheels are attached, which are so managed as to raise and lower the harrow part at pleasure. It was invented by Mr. Knight, in Essex.

Mr. Curwen's drill harrow. This is a wheeled harrow, to harrow or scarify the spaces of land in the intervals between rows of corn, without injuring the plants, and of course can only apply to the drill husbandry. As machines, for this purpose are principally of the hoe

kind, Mr. Curwen's machine has been called a horse-hoe, AGRIthough its principle of action is that of harrow or CULTU scarifier; it is in fact a strong harrow, which is guided RAL by a carriage and wheels, that it may be drawn straight along the drills not to injure the plants.

Plucknet's cast-iron harrow consists of four similar bars of cast-iron, each having a proper number of strong teeth cast in the same solid as the bars. These four bars are joined together by rivets and pins at the ends, so as to form a square frame, but the joints are capable of motion, so that the frame can be put out of the square into the shape of a rhombus, if required, or it can be retained in any required position by a chain which is extended diagonally across the frame, from one angle to the other, in the direction of the chain by which the harrow is drawn; by lengthening or shortening the diagonal chain, the harrow is made to occupy more or less breadth of land, when it is dragged along; but as the number of its teeth is always the same, it is obvious that a greater effect will be produced on the ground when the frame is so placed as to pass over a small breadth of ground, than when it sweeps over a greater breadth; by this means the same implement is made to serve the purposes of two or three common harrows. If it is required to have other bars across the frame, besides the four outside bars, it may be done, if all the joint pins are capable of motion.

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It is evident, that the construction of harrows ought Constru to depend on the nature of the soil; those, for instance, tion) which are best calculated for strong clay cannot be suited rows, to light sandy soils. The following are the principal rules regarding the formation of harrows of any kind; 1st that no two of the teeth should move in one track; 2d, that the tracks should be at equal distances from each other; and 3d, that the teeth should either be round, or perhaps with a sharp edge bent forwards, like so many coulters, these clear themselves better than when they are square, or of any other shape, and follow easier after the horses. The teeth of harrows are often of unequal lengths, the front row being about half an inch longer than the second, and the third one inch shorter than the first; so that each row backwards is about one half inch shorter than the one that precedes it.

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The brake, or twitch harrow, is appropriate to light land which has been ploughed for a turnip fallow; and especially to fen-land for the cleaning process of shortfallowing. The second harrow is more generally used in fallow-fields, under the old system, as the teeth are somewhat shorter and more numerous; after the first, or second harrow, in all cases, the seed harrows, in pairs, follow to reduce the soil still finer, and to draw out, or expose the root-weeds to the sun, or to the rakes or hands which are to gather and destroy them; this is the process of harrowing, fallowing, or cleaning the land. In other respects, when land is cleaned and ploughed for seed, there is no succession of harrows required; if the seed is sown by hand, the seed harrows follow, two, three, or four times in a place, as the pulverization of the soil, and as the covering of the seed may require; extra harrowing, and sometimes crossharrowing, or harrowing diagonally, are employed, either to level the furrows (if the land be sown down in grass) or to expose what twitch may yet remain, and facilitate the last process of hand-picking. On the contrary, if the seed be to be sown with the drill, the

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RI seed harrows go before, to lay the soil level, and make LTV. it fine. It has been observed, that the first and second harrows, as they are represented in plate I, cover too much surface, and will not penetrate to the requisite depth, that is, to the depth to which the land is ploughed; but the scarifier may be made to go very readily under, and through the furrows, or flags, so as to stir them and break them effectually.

The couch-grass drag is a useful kind of harrow, in the process of summer fallowing. This implement is made in the same form as the scarifier, which is represented in perspective in the third figure of plate III. and will be described more minutely as a scarifier, which may be considered as another name for the same thing; the only difference is in the form of the teeth, which are made more curved forwards at the points, if they are only intended to drag out the couch from light soil; but if the implement be required to work in stiff land, where it should reduce the soil to a pulverent state, as well as draw out the couch, the teeth must be stronger and rather less curved, as is shown in the drawing. This implement is of great utility in clearing land infested with weeds of the couch-grass family, as it tears them up to the surface without ploughing the ground or much breaking the roots. It is capable of doing as large an extent as fifteen acres in the course of a day, with two men and four horses. It is considered as the proper time for the use of this tool, when the couch-grass has been collected by the common harrow, after the second ploughing.

The wrack harrow, invented by Mr. Sandilands, is nearly the same machine as the above; but it acts without any wheels, the shaft for the horse being fixed immediately on the beam of the rake, or rather harrow, for it is a plank with two rows of teeth, the front row containing twelve teeth, and the second thirteen, the teeth being five inches asunder, and interspaced; they act at intervals of two and a half inches distant from each other; the length of the teeth beneath the wood is seven inches.

3. The scarifier or grubber.

This is an improvement on the harrow by having the iron teeth made with sharp edges and bent forwards like so many coulters. It is an implement heavier than the harrow, but covering less surface, and having tines constructed to penetrate, made triangularly, and going with their acute angle foremost; as the tines are sharpened to a point, and bent a little forward, they have an inclination to enter the subsoil, and consequently to increase the draft beyond necessity; the implement is, therefore, furnished with wheels to regulate its depth of going. It has been extensively used on heavy soils to facilitate the operations of fallowing. The most essential purpose of fallowing is to pulverize the soil, and few of the objects of fallowing can be attained without it; the plough and harrow can accomplish only the stirring or turning of it over, to make fresh exposure; depending on the evaporation from alternate suns and showers, to reduce the clods. The scarifier is shown in perspective in the third figure of plate III. It is a strong triangular frame, with a rail extended across the middle, and joined into the most advanced angle of the triangle; the machine is drawn by a hook or swivel at the end of this piece of wood, which is rather bent upwards to make the point of draft higher; a wheel is

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also fixed at this place to bear up the fore part of the AGRImachine. The hinder part is sustained by two wheels CULTU fixed in the handles, by which the machine is steered, and all the wheels are capable of regulation in respect MENTS. to height, so as to allow the teeth to penetrate to any required depth. The teeth are fixed in rows on all the rails of the triangular frame, they are rather curved forwards at the back, but the advanced sides of the tines or teeth are made sharp to cut and divide the clods of the soil. It has been observed, that if the scarifier is drawn by a chain fastened to the frame itself, the person that holds it is able to work it better than if it were drawn by a beam like a plough; the machine goes more freely than it would if some of the claws were in the piece of timber, the sole use of that piece being to draw by. This implement is sometimes made of a square form, it being found that when it was made in a triangular form, and with the same number of claws, it was apt to go irregularly for want of sufficient bearing on the ground, or by raising the hindmost claws out of the ground, to work frequently at one corner only. Sir John Sinclair in his Code of Agriculture strongly presses the great utility of the scarifier.

Several other light tools of the same description, have been lately provided by implement-makers in different parts of the country, which were well adapted for particular uses in the cultivation of land, and which by their convenience and modes of working save much labour and expence. Some of them are made with two rows of claws or shares, and four or five in each row, about six inches each in breadth, the front one cutting the inter-spaces of the hinder ones, by which means the work is done in an excellent manner. The depth of working is regulated by small wheels that let up and down, and they prepare bean and other stubbles admirably, for wheat or any other crops.

The cultivator is a name given occasionally to any of the implements employed for pulverizing the soil after it has been ploughed, viz. scufflers, scarifiers, and horsehoes. If it were used generally it would be a very applicable term, but as it has been frequently given to particular kinds of these implements, it has introduced some confusion; Lester's cultivator is properly a scuffler,. and there are bean cultivators which are properly horse-hoes; one of these, by Mr. C. Western, is a very useful implement,

§ 4. Of scufflers..

A scuffler is a kind of machine, derived from an imple- The scuffler.. ment called the Kentish midget, it has a number of triangular plates or feet, the edges of which are steeled, and fixed at the bottom of as many iron bars, somewhat similar to the legs and feet of a duck. The operation. of the scuffler is, to cut horizontally beneath the surface in the manner of hoeing. It is a useful implement on light lands that are free from stones, and of a plain sur face, because it not only cuts up all weeds, but pulverizes the soil. Scuffling strong land, and exposing it to the sun and air, is greatly preferable to harrowing, which tends to consolidate the surface. The Norfolk scuffler is described in the agricultural survey of that county, as being formed from a double-breasted foot plough, by taking off the breasts and applying a new share, larger and flatter than the original one. At the hinder end of the beam of the plough is fixed a cross beam of

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Lester's cultivator.

AGRI- wood, three feet long, four inches broad, and four inches CULTU thick, in a direction at right angles to the beam; at RAL the distance of twelve inches and a half each way from MENTS. the centre of this cross-beam, are inserted two coulters, each twelve inches long, three inches broad, and a AGRI quarter of an inch thick in the back, but reduced to three-eighths in the front; and into these coulters, at the bottom, are rivetted two shares of nearly the same size as the first share, which was nine inches broad, but these two are only eight inches. The cross-beam is strengthened by two iron braces fixed to the ends of the cross-beam, and also to the fore-part of the beam of the plough, in the best manner for the purpose. It may also be noticed, that the coulters which are fixed to the cross-beam do not stand perpendicularly, but inclining like the common coulter in the beam of the plough; they are fixed in a cross-beam by means of a screw and a nut, so as to keep them quite fast and steady. This scuffler is used with two horses only, and does the work of more than two ploughs, as the three shares cut nearly the width of thirty inches, whereas two ploughs would cut only twenty-four inches. Manley's patent scuffler, 1809, is also called an expedition plough. It is very nearly the same as the Norfolk scuffler. Three shares, or hoes, are used. Lester's cultivator is another form of the scuffler; the principal difference is in the shape of the teeth, or rather shares, which are of a triangular figure, like trowels, and affixed to stems in a horizontal position, with the points forwards. These shares being sharp at the edges, they cut the ground horizontally at a given depth beneath the surface. For soils of medium strength, and in seasons of moderate drought; and in general, for heavy soils, when the first operations of fallowing are performed earlier, the scuffler may be beneficially changed for this form of the implement, a perspective view of which is given in the second figure of plate III. The beam from which the horses draw, is supported by a wheel at the fore end, and has two handles for steering at the hinder end: about the middle of the beam is a joint, to connect it with two oblique pieces which form the sides of the triangle, and each of which carries three shares. The opposite ends of these pieces are attached to a semicircular sweep, which is fixed to the hinder end of the beam, and is provided with rows of holes to receive bolts, by which the oblique sides are fastened to the sweep, and held in their required position. In this way the angle which the two sides make with the beam, can be made greater or less at pleasure, and the shares will be made to work upon a greater or lesser width of land; and when they are

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set nearer together, the shares will follow each other AGRIthrough the same space of ground, and act more CULTU powerfully upon the land. At the extremities of the curved sweep are two other wheels, which sustain the MENTS hinder part of the machine; but all the wheels may be regulated to the depth at which the shares are to AGRIwork; also the shares are fixed by their square stems in mortises in the beam, by means of wedges, so that they can be regulated in depth at pleasure.

By the expansion and contraction of the cultivator, the points of the shares are in a small degree moved out of the direct line; but this is so trifling, that it is no impediment to its working. When the machine is first employed on the land, the bars are expanded as much as possible; as the soil becomes more loosened, they are brought nearer to each other; the shares then occupy a less space, and the soil will consequently be better pulverized. This is a very useful implement for cultivating the land in a fallow state, it will work or scuffle over seven acres per day with six horses; from its property of contracting and expanding, it is calculated to work the same land in a rough or fine state, by which means it unites the principles of two implements in one.

When fallows are early ploughed, they must be frequently stirred; and, as this early ploughing facilitates the after operations which are necessary for cleaning the land, the cultivator becomes a highly useful and important implement.

§ 5. Of the roll.

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In the old-fashioned fallowing, very little use was The roll. made of the roll. Almost the only implement of this kind was the field roller (plate III), which was a cylindrical log of wood, of no great weight, drawn by one horse, in the spring of the year, over the growing crops; it merely crushed a few clods, and made the land look level. The same kind of implement is still in use for running over fields of barley that have been sown with clover, and for going before the drill in sowing turnips and wheat: but for the purposes of improved fallowing, heavier rollers have been adopted, and sometimes rollers furnished with acute-angled rings, or charged with spikes.

In hastening the pulverization of hard soils, a heavy roller (plate III.) is indispensible; the best land is rather strong, and good ploughing must be performed when the soil is somewhat tender with wet; in that state it cannot be harrowed, and it is often worse than useless to go upon it with any implement whatever, for the furrows must necessarily be a little hardened, before it can be attempted to pulverize them.

AGRIGAN, one of the Ladrone islands, sometimes called the Isle of St. Francis Xavier, in the South Pacific ocean. It is situated between the islands of Pagon and Assonsong, and is nearly 50 miles in circumference, containing several mountains, of which some are volcanic. N. lat. 19°, 40'. E. lon. 146°. AGRIGENTUM, in Ancient Geography, a celebrated city of Sicily on its southern shore.

Authors differ in their account of its founders. Strabo calls it an Ionian colony, but Polybius says its first inhabitants were Rhodians, and is supported by Thu

cydides, who, in his 6th book, relates that the Geloi, who were of Rhodian origin, built this city, after having been about 100 years in Sicily, and called it Acragas, from a river near it, under which name it is mentioned in the Greek authors. This event took place about 600 years before the birth of Christ. More fabulous accounts assign its erection to Dædalus, who fled to Sicily from the resentment of Minos.

The situation of the city was peculiarly strong and imposing, standing on a bare and precipitous rock 1100 feet from the level of the sea; protected on the

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GRI south by the river Acragas, and on the west by the Hypsas; but its industrious inhabitants increased their security by a wall along the margin of the rock, and a citadal which rose in the eastern quarter of the town, and was so environed by a deep gulph, that it was approachable by only one narrow path.

To its advantages as a place of great strength, the city added others of a commercial nature, being within two miles and a half of the sea, by which an easy intercourse was afforded with the ports of Africa, and the south of Europe. The soil about Agrigentum was very fertile, and was laid out chiefly in olive yards, the products of which were carried to Carthage, and brought immense wealth to the cultivators. By these means the city rose to such influence as to be considered the second in Sicily, and was so splendidly adorned with temples and other public works, that Polybius, 1. ix, says, it surpassed in grandeur of appearance most of its contemporaries. Among the more important of its buildings were the temples of Minerva, and of Jupiter Atabyris, built on the highest ground in the city, and the temples of Jupiter Olympius, and of

Hercules.

The temple of Jupiter Olympius, which vied in size and grandeur of design with the finest edifices of Greece, is said by Diodorus Sic. 1. xiii, to have been 340 feet long, 60 broad, and 120 high, the foundation not being included, which was itself remarkable for the immense arches upon which it stood; the walls of the building had half columns let into them, measuring twenty feet round on the outside, and flutings of depth sufficient to allow a man to stand in them. The porticoes were very grand; the eastern representing, in admirable sculpture, the battles of the giants; and the western, the siege of Troy. A war prevented the completion of this temple, when the roof only remained unfinished. There was also an artificial lake, cut out of the solid rock, near the city, of about a mile in circuit, and thirty feet deep, from which fish were obtained in abundance for the public feasts, and which was rendered an object of pleasure to the citizens, by the number of swans and other water fowl which frequented it. But the mud being suffered to accumulate in this basin, it was at length filled up, and vines being planted, it became a remarkably fruitful spot. This lake, and the temple just described, were the work of a number of Carthagenian captives, by whose labour were also built the public shores, which were objects of admiration for their strength and size.

The Agrigentines were noted for their luxurious and extravagant habits, their great opulence enabling them to indulge in the most expensive hospitality, for which a citizen of the name of Gellius was so remarkable, that when 500 horsemen once applied for a lodging at his house, they were all liberally entertained by him, and furnished during their stay with garments from his wardrobe. So effeminate, however, and luxurious were the Agrigentines at last, that Empedocles reproached them with building as if they should never die, and feasting as if they were sure of living no longer. They were famous for their attention to the breeding of horses (VIRGIL, En. 1. iii. v. 705); and as an instance of their possessions in this way, Diodorus relates, that when a native had been crowned victor at the Olympic games, he was brought into the city with great pomp, attended by 300 chariots, each

drawn by a pair of white horses, the property of the ci- AGRItizens. In their early history, the Agrigentines were GENTUM. formidable for their military enterprizes; but being in- AGRISE. volved in the Punic wars, the city suffered greatly from frequent sieges, during one of which it held out seven months, and was reduced by famine. After the expulsion of the Carthagenians from Sicily, Agrigentum fell with little resistance under the power of the Romans. The population, in its best days, is stated by Diodorus to have been not less than 120,000 persons. The remains of its former magnificence are particularly described by Swinburne, in the 4th vol. of his Travels in Sicily. The town, now standing partly on the site of the old city, is called Gergenti. The ruins of the temple of Concord form the church of St. Gregory, and another church has been erected out of the remains of the temple of Ceres and Proserpine.

AGRIMONIA, in Botany, Agrimony; class Dodecandria, order Trigynia. Out of five sorts of this plant, four are the produce of Europe, and the peroiflora only of North America. It is used in its flower, by dyers, for producing different shades of yellow.

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA (as some think from nap, the liver), the name of agrimony in the Pharmacopæias.

AGRINIUM, in Ancient Geography, a city of Acarnania, near the Achelous.

AGRIONIA, in Antiquity, a Grecian festival observed in honour of Bacchus, who was called Agrionius, from his fondness for savage beasts. It was celebrated at night, when the women present made a search after the god as if he had fled from them, and not finding him declared that he had concealed himself among the Muses. The rest of the time was spent in solving ænigmas, and difficult questions. This mystery was thought to teach, that at table the conversation should be such as would give some exercise to the understanding, and prevent excess in drinking. Plutarch, Sympos. lib. viii.

AGRIOPHAGI (aypios wild, and payw I eat), in Ancient History, one of the nations of Ethiopia, who are represented by Pliny and others as feeding upon wild beasts. See ABYSSINIA.

AGRIPNIA, or AGRYPNIA, in Physic (ayружviа vigilia), a privation of sleep. This is rather a diagnostic or symptom of a disease, than a disease itself. In the Greek church, the term is used to express the vigil of any great feast day.

AGRIPPINIANS, in Ecclesiastical History, the disciples of Aggrippinus, a bishop of Carthage, in the third century, who are said to have first introduced the practice of rebaptization. AGRISE', v.

Le-rinan, griran, agлuran; to

Or AGGR'ISE. crush. To beat, bruise, or dash against; and consequently to confound, to terrify.

Tho were the porters agrise sore of thulke sizte & caste hom
the keyen vawe that hii mizte.
R. Gloucester, p. 539.

Tho kinges herte of pitee gan agrise
Whan he saw so benigne a creature
Falle in disese and in misaventure.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, vol. i. p. 202.
And as she slept, anon right tho her met
How that an egle fethered white as bone
Under her brest his long clawes set
And out her harte he rent, and that anon
And did his harte into her brest to gon

AGRISE.

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Of which she nouzt agrose. né nothing smart
Aud forthe he flieth, with hart left for hart.

Chaucer. Troilus, book ii. fol. 162, c. 3.

But more happy he, than wise,
Of that seas nature did him not avise.
The waues thereof so slowe and sluggish were,
Engrost with mud, which did them foule agriese,
That every weightie thing they did vpbeare,
Ne ought mote euer sink downe to the bottome there.
Spenser's Faerie Queene, book iì. c. vi.

For near❜st to mortals, though my state I keep,
Yet not the colour of the troubled deep,
These spots supposed, nor the fogs that rise
From the dull earth, me any whit agrise.

Drayton's Man in the Moon. AGROM, a disease frequent in Bengal, produced it is said, by excessive heat in the stomach. The tongue becomes parched, and adheres to the roof of the mouth, and sometimes is cleft in several places, and covered with white ulcerous spots. The black-seeded basilica, taken with mint juice or chalybeate water, is the common remedy.

AGROP'E, v. See GROPE.

For who so will it wel agrope,
To hem belongeth all Europe,
Whiche is the third parte euen

Of all the worlde vnder the heuen.
Gower. Con. A. book v.

AGROSTEMMA, in Botany, a genus of plants, class Polygynia, order Decandria.

AGROSTIS, in Botany (from aypos a field), bentgrass. It is of the order Triandria, and class Digynia, and belongs to the species of common Gramina.

AGROSTOGRAPHIA (from αγροστις, grass, γραφη, writing or description), the history or description of grasses. It is the title of a celebrated work, by John Scheuchzer, which describes four hundred different species, but it is still an incomplete history.

AGROTED. Tyrwhit explains, cloyed, surfeited. Skinner, ingurgitated, saturated; from gross.

This honorable quene Philis doth him chere
Her liketh wel his sport and his manere

But I am agroted here beforne

To write of hem that in loue been forsworne.

Chaucer. The Legend of Good Women, fo. 209. c. ii. AGROTIRI, in Ancient Geography, a promontory on the southern shore of the Island of Cyprus, now called Cape de Gatti.

AGROUND', a. On the ground.

And headlong downe the master falles, and thrice the keele aground. The water whirld, and at the last the wilde sea swallowd round.

Virgil's Æneidos. Book 1st. By Thos. Phaer.

He [Megabazus] besieged them [the Grecians] a year and a half, till such time as having drained the channel, and turned the water another way, he made their gallies lie aground, and the island for the most part continent.

Hobbes's Thucydides.

[blocks in formation]

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South America. Descending from the Cordillera of AGUAR the Andes, near San Miguiel de Ibarra, it washes the territory of the Sucumbios Indians, and falls into the Napo, about lat. 1°, 23' S. The sands of this river contain much gold.

AGUATULCO, a river of New Spain, which running in an easterly direction, falls into the Pacific ocean, near the Capolita. A'GUE, v. Gothic. Agis. trembling. Serenius A'GUE, n. and Tooke. A'GUED, A'GUISH. shuddering.

A disease; the distinguishing mark of which is, trembling, shivering,

Tooke quotes with approbation the remark of Johnson that the cold fit is, in popular language, more particularly called the ague; and the hot, the fever." By Tindale and Sir Thomas More this distinction is disregarded.

For I will bring vpon you fearfuluesse, swellyng of body, and the burnynge agew, to consume youre eyes and gendre sorow of Bible, 1539. Leuit. ch. xxvi.

hert.

If he [the cunnyng phisicion] haue his pacient in an ague, to the cure wherof he nedeth his medicines in their woorking cold; yet if he hap ere that feuer be full cured, to fall into some such other disease, as except it were holpen with hoate medicines, wer likely to kill the bodye before the feuer coulde be cured, he would for the whyle have hys most care to ye cure of that thyng, wherin wer most Sir T. More's Works, p. 1195, c. 1.

present perill.

The aforesayde Richarde, lyke an unkinde childe persecuting and taking part with the French king against his father [Henry II.], brought him to suche distresse of body and minde that for thought of heart he fell into an ague, and within foure dayes dyed in Normandy. Grafton. Vol. i. p. 219.

But now will canker-sorrow eat my bud,
And chase the natiue beauty from his cheeke,
And he will look as hollow as a ghost,
As dim and meager as an ague's fit,
And so he'll dye.

AGUE

Shakespeare's K. John, act iii. sc. 3. Three fits of an ague can change it [beauty] into yellowness aud leanness, and the hollowness and wrinkles of deformity.

Taylor's Holy Living and Dying.
Cold shivering agues, melancholy care,
And bitter blasting winds, and poison'd air.
Dryden. Palemon and Arcite.

It may enjoy th' advantage of the north,
And aguish east, till time shall have transform'd
Those naked acres to a sheltering grove.

Cowper's Task.

AGUE, in Medicine, a term significant of all fevers, which return periodically. Thus we have a tertian, third day's; or quartan, fourth day's, ague, &c. See MEDICINE.

AGUE-CAKE, a name in some parts of England for a hard humour on the left side under the false ribs, which appears after intermittent fevers.

AGUE-TREE, a popular name given to Sassafras, on account of its febrifuge virtues.

AGUELAON, one of the Laccadive islands in the Indian sea. N. lat. 11°. E. lon. 73°, 25'.

AGUE-PERSE, or AIGUE-PERSE, a town of France, in the department of the Puy de Dome, arrondissement of Riom. It is in the head of a canton, and contains about 5,000 inhabitants. It is a long place, consisting of a single street, situated on the banks of Beuron, about 18 miles from Clermont-Ferrand.

AGUERO, a town of the district of Huesca, province of Arragon, in Spain

AGU'ERRY, v. Fr. Aquerrir. To make warlike,

RY.

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