Hierzu die hsg. von 1778: „,Play the fool in folly" is a poor expression at any rate. We think Mr. Seward's first conjecture of discarding the word in the first line, happier than his second, which he seems most inclined to adopt." D setzt:

474) Nach,,And here I feale it" D: [Kisses her".

475)

„I may kisse a stranger"; W: „Marston, a very severe satirist,
lashes this custom in the following words, which he puts into the
mouth of a lady: 'By the faith and trust I beare to my face, 'tis
grown one of the most vnsanorie ceremonies; boddy a' beautie, 'tis
one of the most vnpleasing iniurious customes to ladyes: any fellow
that has but one nose on his face, and standing collor and skirtes
also linde with taffety sarcenet, must salute vs on the lipps as
familierly! Soft skins saue us, there was a stubbearded John
a stile with a Ploydens face saluted me last day, and stroke his
bristles through my lippes: I h'a spent 10 shillings in pomatum
since to skinne them againe. Marry, if a nobleman or a knight
with one locke vissit us, though his vncleane goose-turnd-greene
teeth ha' the palsy, his nostrells smell worse then a putrified mari-
bone, and his loose beard drops into our bosome, yet wee must kisse
him with a cursy,
a curse!" (The Dutch Courtesan, act III.
scene I.)

„My Mauhound cozen?

My Tarmogant Couze;"

Reed: ,,In an old play, called Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks, Tafata says:

،

I am so haunted

With a swaggering captaine, that sweares (God bless us)
Like a very Tarmagant', etc.

And Bishop Hall's Satires begin thus:

'Nor Ladie's wanton love, nor wand'ring knight,

Legend I out in rhimes all richly dight;

Nor fright the reader with the Pagan vaunt
Of mightie Mahound, and great Termagant.'

Hamlet says, 'I could have such a fellow whipt for o'er-doing Termagant'; Termagant likewise occurs in A King and No King." 476),,At thy perill..."; die bühnenbearbeitungen: ,,And at thy

...

und so Seward. M:,,We should surely read 'At my peril'. After
what had passed, Perez could not mean to threaten Estefania.“
W: ,,Why should not Perez say, that he will believe in his wife's
fidelity, at her peril if she ever abused his confidence?"
„Hold, this is yours ...", hier fehlt in den alten drucken der name
der sprechenden person (Leon). „Leon, as Weber observes (after

340

BENNO LEONHARDT, RULE A WIFE AND HAVE A WIFE.

Seward), presents to Estefania the money which Cacafogo had given to Margarita.

,,And now a fouldier, Gentleman, we all rejoyce in't", so a und B; die worte nach „Gentleman" fehlen in den bühnenbearbeitungen. D: ,,And now a soldier

Juan, Alon., San., Perez. We all rejoice in't.“

Seward: „I at first corrected this line thus:

And now a soldier, gentlemen.

Omnes. We all rejoice in't.

But this, as well as the old corrupt text, makes three redundant
syllables to the verse. The observation of this immediately discovered
a more probable corruption, viz. that the word gentlemen, only de-
notes the speakers, and is not a part of Leon's speech." Die hsg.
von 1778:,,but we think his first correction was right. Three red-
undant syllables often, very often, occur in the plays of our Authors
and their contemporaries, and even in Rowe."

Nach,,some recompence for fervice" D: „[Gives money to Estef."
und nach,,your true commiffion, Sir" [Gives paper to Leon.
,,I have two ties"; nur a: too ..."

477),,Your colours you must weare ...", so alle drucke, auch die bearbeitungen. D: Your colours we must wear...", auf vorschlag Mason's: ,,Juan adresses these lines to Margarita; meaning to say, that they would all wear her colours, as the servants of Virtue. It is evident, therefore, that we should read 'Your colours we must wear', etc., instead of 'you must wear', which would be nonsense; for we are to suppose that Margarita is to wear her own colours, according to the old reading, before the bullet and in blood."

ANNABERG.

BENNO LEONHARDT.

COLLECTIVES AND INDEFINITES AGAIN.

Dr. G. Krueger's remarks, Anglia, bd. XXIII, heft 4, s. 523— 524, on C. Alphonso Smith's A Note on the Concord of Collectives and Indefinites in English, are irrelevant. At any rate they lead one to the belief that the article in question has not been correctly understood. Dr. Krueger quotes from it the following words: "The transition is in English from singular to plural, never, so far as I have observed, from plural to singular." The meaning of this sentence is distorted by removal from its proper connection. The preceding statement should also have been quoted, for that contains a very essential point in the discussion; it reads: "If we follow the collective a little further into the sentence or paragraph, we shall find that it breaks up into its constituent parts." In order to prove his thesis that the transition may be from plural to singular, Dr. Krueger mentions certain English plural forms, such as glass-works, barracks, bellows, etc., which are sometimes used as singulars. Of these not one is a collective in the accepted sense, nor is their use as singulars brought about by any transition. Now, Professor Smith's article discusses the concord of collectives and indefinites, and transition within a sentence or paragraph; hence Dr. Krueger's criticisms are not to the point and must therefore fall to the ground.

The words given by Dr. Krueger are used as singulars perhaps because they are really singular in meaning regardless of the form, bellows, for instance, meaning one thing and not. a collection of things; it is in no manner collective, nor is it indefinite. I claim, then, that these words do not and can not prove his thesis that there is a transition from plural to

342

WILSON, COLLECTIVES AND INDEFINITES AGAIN.

singular, at any rate, not in the sense in which Professor Smith used transition, that is, transition in concord. But, on the contrary, laying these facts aside, we find that some of these very words are true to the psychological law stated by Professor Smith, namely, that to visualize a concept is, at the same time, to individualize it; the dependencies of glass-works, for example, would surely become plural, granted that it had been used as a singular. In an answer to the question Where is the glass-works? the pronoun would most naturally be they. Granted, too, that a writer or speaker had used in the singular such a word as barracks or scissors, to choose again from Dr. Krueger's list, the probability is that he would put its dependencies into the plural, just as soon as they became involved in the activities of the discourse.

The development of such double plurals as bellowses and gallowses is also worth considering.

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF Iowa,

IOWA CITY, Iowa, U. S. A.,

March 4, 1901.

CHARLES BUNDY WILSON.

DAS INDEFINITUM.

(Sieh band XXI, heft 1, 3 u. 4, band XXII, heft 4 und band XXIII, heft 1.)

VIII. Das Indefinitum all.

§ 112. Als substantiv ist eall all von alter zeit her gebräuchlich; und zwar erstens in geschlechtigem sinne:

ae. Ealle ætsomne Beda 2, 13, Ealra aldor Cædm. (Thorpe) 228; þe hira eallra fracopast was Oros. 66, 27, Ealra swiðost Beda 2, 4 maxime. frme. heore alre lauerd Laz. I 264 u. ö.

me. þer wenden pe[i] alþer-best to spede[n] Havel. 1197, And pilgryms were thei alle Ch. II 2, at your alther cost ib. 25, our alther cok ib. 26, our aller fo id. V 81, oure alder pris ib. 285; alther fastest ib. 274 citissime.

=

Die neuerungen, die die moderne sprache hier aufweist, sind durch formveraltung veranlasst. So ist Chaucers alther fastest durch fastest of all ersetzt, eine analysierung, die jedoch sehr alt ist und schon bei Chaucer selbst neben der alten synthetischen form gelegentlich vorkommt:

which of yow that bereth him best of alle II 25.

vgl. ne. Best of all H 6 C II 5, 18, last night of all Hml. I 1, 35.

Dieselbe analysierung ist auch bei heore alre lauerd eingetreten, das ergebnis the lord of them all ist aber nicht im stande gewesen, die alte ausdrucksform gänzlich zu verdrängen. Sie blieb bestehen, nur musste sie sich, da ihr all mit aufgabe seiner flexion dem adjektivisch gebrauchten all äusserlich ähnlich ward, der ordnung fügen, die diesem in seiner verbindung mit possessiven von alter zeit her vorgeschrieben war. In dieser mangelhaften gestalt all their lord führt die alte synthetische form heute noch ein schattenhaftes nur halb verstandenes dasein, cf. Paul's Grundriss I p. 1087 (u).

Sporadisch kommt diese ne. mod. fügung schon im AE vor; Wülfing vermerkt sie bei Aelfred einmal: & eallra heora heortan wynsumedon