ADDLE-STREET, anciently Athelstan, Adelstan, or King Addie-
street, and formerly the residence of king Athelstan; p. 47. Adelphi buildings, their erection; 599; bill passed in parliament for the purpose deemed an invasion of the property of the city; ibid. Alfred, his regular government of the kingdom; 45, n. divides it into counties, hundreds, and tythings; and the city into wards and pre cincts, over which he places officers analogous to our aldermen and common council men; ibid;-builds men of war, improves mercantile shipping, and encourages the use of stone and brick in the erection of houses; ibid.
Apprentices, ancient instructions contained in their indentures; 118, n. their extravagant and improper mode of attire, produces an act of com- mon council restraining the same; 149.
Arts and sciences, in the reign of Henry VIII. begin to flourish; 113; are fostered and encouraged by Cardinal Wolsey; 115.
Royal academy of, its institution; 583.
Bakers, laws enforced against their mal-practices, in the reign of Ed- ward I.; 3.
company of, supposed to be one of the most ancient guilds; 88. Balmerino, Lord, full account of his execution for high treason in 1746; 401. Bank of England, its establishment; 312.
Bartholomew fair, first mention of it; 168;-is suspended, with other fairs, to prevent the extension of the plague; ibid. Bartholomew, St. priory of, founded, A.D. 1102; 59. Bible, the first English translation of it; 122.
Billingsgate market, its establishment; 314.
Blackfriars bridge, act passed for its erection; 438;-estimate of the ex- pence, and other particulars; 443;-the first stone laid: description of the ceremony attending it; 456.
Boadicea, the British heroine, account of, 31;-confederates with the Tri- nobantes, defeats the Romans, and sets fire to the metropolis; ibid. Bow bridge, its erection; 61.
Bow church, the curious construction of its steeple, the top of which, before the great fire of London, supported a lantern, intended as a direction for travellers, and for the market people that came from the northern parts to London; 21.
Bridge, the first mention of one; 51, n.
British museum, its establishment; 428.
Buildings, in the time of the Romans, descriptions of them; 12;-the use of chimnies introduced, and also of tiles and slates; ibid;-their windows, furnished with lattices of wood, or sheets of linen; ibid.— State of the buildings in the metropolis in the reign of Charles I. with Sir William Davenant's whimsical description of them; 178. Butchers, their small number in London in the beginning of the sixteenth century; 119;-consumption of meat at that period; ibid; and its price; 120.-Butchers refuse to pay the toll hitherto exacted of them; 433;-farmers of the toll commence an action against them, and are nonsuited; 437.-Number of cattle killed, in 1767, for the use of the metropolis; 570.
Cabal, its singular derivation, from the names of the persons whose initials combined form the word; 274.
Canterbury, styled the metropolis of England, in the time of the Saxons; 43;-plundered and burnt by the Danes; 144;-and rebuilt by king Alfred; ibid.
Canute, his invasion of Britain, 50; is crowned at Southampton; ibid; his tyrannic disposition; relaxes in favour of the English; ibid;-be- comes a powerful, spirited, and wise king; 52;-his death; 53. Cardinal Wolsey, fosters and improves the arts and sciences; 115; is op- posed in his exactions on the citizens; 116.
Caxton, William, citizen and mercer, introduces the art of printing; 104; -some account of him; ibid; title of the first book printed; ibid, n. Charing cross, formerly a village lying between the cities of London and Westminster; 78.
Charter-house, formerly a Carthusian monastery; 30.
Cheap living, extraordinary instance of, in the year 1306; 75, n.-value of commodities at that time; ibid.
Chess, a treatise on, the first book printed in England; 104, n. Christ's hospital, its erection and endowment; 132.
City feast, a grand one given by a citizen of London to Edward III. and three other kings; 80;-first one given at Guildhall; 111;—a great entertainment given by some gentlemen of the law, on assuming the dignity of the serjeant's coif; 119;-the expences attending it; 120;- act of the common council to check the immoderate luxury of the civic table; 134.-Great entertainment given by the benchers of the inns of court to Charles I. and the royal family; 178;-immense expence thereof; ibid.-The Lord Mayor gives another, equal to the former; ibid.-Lord mayor and aldermen entertain the great duke of Marlbo- rough, and several of the nobility, after the battle of Ramillies; 318.- Grand dinner given to George I. the royal family, and many of the nobility, on Lord Mayor's day, on which occasion the chief magistrate was created a baronet; 333.-Sumptuous entertainment given by the lord mayor to their present majesties soon after their coronation, and to the royal family and principal nobility; 507;-report of the committee appointed to provide that entertainment; 510.-Lord mayor and court of common council invite the king of Denmark (then on a visit at St. James's) to an entertainment at the Mansion house; 579;-particulars of the royal procession to the city by water, &c. &c. 580 to 582. City magistrates, present mode of eleeting them established; 104;—ex- tent of their jurisdiction in 1526; 117.
Coals, when first used; 74;-regular measures for established; 217 ;— further regulations respecting them; 326.
Cock lane ghost, full account of that deception, means employed to effect it, and the trial and punishment of the contrivers; 515. Colchester, its ancient name, and founder; 10.
Coinage, the first sterling; 67.
Combination amongst journeymen and labourers, first act passed on that subject; 124;further proceedings against combinations; 337. Compton, Dr., bishop of London, his honourable appellation, and noble and spirited character; 275, n.-is suspended from the functions and exercise of his episcopal office; 277.
Conduits, list of, and when erected, 70, n.
Coram, Mr. Thomas, brief memoirs of him; 384, n.-his benevolent ex- ertions to establish a Foundling hospital in or near the metropolis; 385; -draws up a memorial to his majesty in its favour; form of that instru-
ment; ibid; and names of the nobility annexed to it; 386.-The king grants a charter for its establishment; 387.
Coronation ceremony, the first recorded to have been performed in the metropolis; 50.-Full account of the coronation of his majesty, George III. and his consort; 467;-oath administered to the king; 478;— ceremony of the anointing; 479;-of the investing; 482;-the crown- ing; 483;-and inthroning and homage, 486.-Description of the anointing, crowning, and inthroning of the queen; 487. Court of conscience, its establishment; 114.
Covent Garden first built; 181.
Danegelt, description of the nature, quantity, and assessment of that tax; 48; is repealed by Henry II. ibid. (vide p. 192, n.)
Danes, after pillaging various quarters of the kingdom, plunder and burn the cities of London and Canterbury; 44.-Defeated, and expelled the kingdom by Alfred, who rebuilds the desolated cities; ibid.-Again invade England in the reign of Ethelred II. and plunder the country; 48;-and again under Swein, their king, and Olave, king of Norway; ibid;-are bought off by Ethelred, who imposes a tax called Danegelt; ibid;-description of the tax; ibid, n.
Davenant, Sir William, his whimsical and ludicrous, but faithful descrip- tion of London in the reign of Charles I.; 178; complains of the close- ness and crookedness of the streets; the inequality in the height and breadth of the houses; suggests the idea, that the garrets of houses meeting at the top must have been designed "through abundance of amity, that opposite neighbours might shake hands without stirring from home;" 179. Complains of the citizens' black bread, thick drink, and unwashed glasses; of the narrow beds and their scanty furniture; 180; -compares the coaches to sedans hung on wheels; and compliments the carts on the dignity of their appearance; 181.
Derwentwater, Charles Ratcliffe, earl of, his execution in 1746, on Tower Hill, for joining the Pretender in 1715; 406.
Diana, temple of, (the residence of Fair Rosamond) description of, 26. Dress, the extravagance of, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, induces her to issue a proclamation restraining its excess; 147;-further order on the same subject; 165.-Improper mode of attire of the city appren- tices produces an act of common council restraining the same; 149.- Humourous description of the dress of the Londoners in 1646; 186. Duties paid to Henry III. by the citizens of London, a curious docu- ment; 71.
Edward the Black Prince, his public entry into London, with his French prisoners, description of; 79.
Elizabeth, queen of England, commencement of her glorious reign; 140; -turns her attention to commerce; 141;-restrains the dress of the citizens of London, now become extravagant and luxurious; 147.— Great number of foreigners at her court in 1580; 152;-receives many proofs of the loyalty and liberality of her good city of London; ibid.- Her death and character; 153.-Number of dresses found after her decease; 154.-Her fondness of adulation and compliments to her beauty, to which she had no pretensions; ibid.-Singular mode of re- ceiving Sir John Aston, in his different missions to her court, with her motives for so doing; ibid.-List of her household expences; 155,—
Proclamation issued by her to restrain the building of new houses in the metropolis; 157. England, after its invasion by the Romans, is made the theatre of their improvements, 2; becomes a prey to the Picts and Scots; 15; and afterwards to the Saxons, 16; its metropolis compared with Rome; 38; the preference claimed by the former, 41;-is converted to christianity by Pope Gregory the Great; 42;-is invaded by the Danes in 852, and plundered in various quarters; 44; but restored to tranquillity by the great Alfred; ibid.-Ágain invaded by the Danes, 45; who are forced to decamp with much loss, 46. The Danes return, and meeting with success, impose the tax called Danegelt; its description; 48.~~~ England is deserted by Ethelred II. who retires to Normandy, leaving the kingdom in possession of the Danes; 50. After various struggles with the brave Edmund Ironside, Canute, the Dane, is crowned king of England, 50; who reconciles the people to his government by his justice and impartiality; 51;—his death; 53.-Recapitulation of events p to the Norman conquest; 54. After a few embecile reigns, Eng- land is subjugated by William, duke of Normandy; 56;-increases in wealth and prosperity under Henry I., in whose reign many hospitals and religious houses are built; 59; in the following reign is much dis- tressed by a turbulent and unsettled government; 62;-but recovers her prosperity under Henry II. ibid. Richard I. enacts many laws for the good of the country; 63;-its blood and treasure wantonly wasted by king John, who on many occasions oppresses his subjects; 66.-The great charter, called Magna Charta, granted to the kingdom; ibid.- Value of commodities at this time, and extravagant manner of living; 67;—an instance of the latter; and of the early hours of refreshment and repose; ibid, n.-Henry III. his reign an era of monastic struc- tures; 68;-their names recited; ibid. The reign of this prince an ignominious one: that of his son, Edward I. the most heroic and tri- umphant; 71;-a comparison between them; ibid. The laws of the latter against forestalling and regrating; 73;—his charter to foreign merchants; ibid.-Edward the Black Prince returns from France; de- scription of his public entry into the metropolis; 79.-England is in- vaded by a French army of 20,000 men; 79; their expulsion by the English, who invade their country; ibid.-The plague devastates the kingdom; proclamations issued by Edward III. on that occasion; ibid; -his death and character; 81.-Richard II. is deposed; consequent horrors arising therefrom; 89.-Henry, duke of Lancaster ascends the throne; 90; the kingdom increases in prosperity, notwithstanding the sanguinary severity of the clergy; ibid.-Henry the Fifth's reign an æra of happiness; 92.-The country much disturbed during the pro- tectorate of the regent Bedford, in the infancy of Henry VI. 93. -The duchess of Gloucester accused of witchcraft, condemned to penance, and imprisoned for life; 96;-the persecution and death of her husband, the good duke Humphrey; 97.-The mal-administra- tion of the queen (Margaret of Anjou) excites insurrection, which is headed by John Cade, of celebrated memory; 98.-Sir Humphrey Stafford and his followers fall into the hands of the insurgents, and are put to the sword; 99.-A pardon is offered to the rebels, who, in conse- quence, desert John Cade; 100;-his apprehension and execution; ibid. The embecile reigns of Henry VI. and Edward IV. 104.-The nation groans under the tyranny of Richard, duke of Gloucester (after- wards Richard III.) 106.-Death of Richard in Bosworth field, and coronation of Henry VII. ibid.-Henry's extortions on the citizens of London; 107, n.-Perverts the ends of justice, and occasions a revolti 108-Treaty of peace and commerce between England and Flanders,
singular form thereof; ibid.-Instances of tyranny and oppression; 111. -Henry the Eighth's reign impetuous, extravagant, and thoughtless; 112.-The arts and sciences now begin to be cultivated; 113.— Wretched state of surgery and medicine at the commencement of this reign, ibid. n.-Ludicrous description of the surgeons who attended the armies, in their campaigns with the king; ibid.-The king dissolves the monasteries, siezes their revenues, goods, and chattels, and turns the priests and their miracles into derision; 120;-his death, after a boiste- rous reign of nearly thirty-eight years; 121; cursory review of his go- vernment; 122.-The reign of Edward VI. productive of salutary statutes; 124.-The lord protector Somerset assumes the reins of go- vernment; 126;-beheads his brother, the duke of Northumberland, by the intrigues of, whose party he is himself brought to the block;127.— Death of the young king Edward; 132;-his short and auspicious reign; ibid.-Mary L. her vindictive and implacable government; 139;- loses Calais, (which surrenders after a siege of eight days) sinks into despondency, and, after a short and execrable domination, dies; ibid. -The glorious reign of Elizabeth commences; 140;-she turns her attention to the promotion of commerce; 141.-Enumeration of fo- reigners at her court in 1580; 147;-makes great demands on the citizens of London; 152. Her death and character; 153.-The reign of James I. an era of patriotism and public spirit; 170;-trade and commerce flourish, and every species of domestic convenience and national advantage liberally promoted; 171.-The death of James; his character; 173.-Charles I. commences his unhappy reign; ibid; -is proclaimed king in the open air in the midst of heavy reign; 174. -Unfavourable state of the kingdom at this period; ibid.--Whimsical description of the metropolis at the same time; 178.-The arbitrary measures of the court and resistance of the House of Commons involve the country into a civil war; 182.-City of London takes the side of the parliament; ibid;-builds a wall round the city, strengthened by bastions and outworks, and waits the approach of the king's army; 183. The deluded Charles resorts to measures distressing to the citi- zens, and increases their hatred and resistance; 184.-The city forces take the field, and repel the royalists; 185.-Unhappy termination of this reign; 187.—Character of Oliver Cromwell; 189.-Restoration of Charles II. to the government; ibid.-Long charter to the metropolis, with the extensive privileges confirmed thereby; 191.-Great fire of London takes place; 222, (see London).-The king siezes on the city charters, 269-and of those of the different corporations throughout the kingdom; 273.-Lord Russell, Algernon Sydney, and other great men unjustly tried, sentenced, and executed; 274.-Charles II. termi- nates his reign by many actsof tyranny; 274.-The sanguinary James II. ascends the throne, and, through fear, restores the charter to the city of London; 275. His persecution of the bishops; 276;-and also of one of the city magistrates, the latter of whom he condemns to be hanged, drawn, and quartered; 277, 278.-The effects of these arbi- trary proceedings, and the opposition produced by them in the clergy; 278. Bloody anecdote of one of James's instruments of tyranny and oppression; 279.-Instances of the king's injustice and thirst of blood; 280. He suspends the penal laws against popery, and insults the ini- nisters of the established church; ibid.The bishops petition the king, and are dismissed from his presence; 281; they are arrested, and com- mitted to the Tower; 282; their upright and dignified conduct on the occasion, with its effects on the populace; ibid;-they are tried and acquitted, to the great joy of the kingdom; ibid.-Harrassed by his his tyranny, the nation seeks a protector in the prince of Orange; 283.
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