payment, to carry the horse to the pound as aforesaid, to remain till payment thereof. 23. That no waggon, cart, or car, shod with iron or spignails, or having more horses than allowed by the aforesaid act of common council, shall take up any goods within this city or liberties, to carry for hire about the streets, upon pain to pay five shillings for every offence; and in case of non-payment, to carry the horse or horses to the aforesaid pound till payment thereof. 24. That no goung farmer shall carry any ordure till after ten o'clock in the winter, and eleven o'clock in the summer, at night; nor shall spill any ordure in the streets, upon pain to forfeit and pay thirteen shillings and fourpence. 25. That no pudding cart of shambles shall go out till after the hours last before mentioned, upon pain to forfeit six shillings. 26. That no artificer, labourer, or other person, shall make any stop or dam in any channel; nor shall shake any lime in the streets, lanes, or passages, upon pain to pay two shillings for every offence. 27. That no man shall feed any kine, goats, hogs, or any kind of poultry in the open streets, upon pain to forfeit three shillings and fourpence for every offence. 28. That no man shall cast into the ditches or sewers, grates, or gullets of the city, any manner of carrion, stinking fish, rotten oranges, or onions, rubbish, dung, eand, gravel, or any other thing that may stop the course of the same, upon pain of forfeiting forty shillings for every of fence. 29. That no man shall make or continue any widraughts, seat or seats for houses of easement over, or drains into any of the common sewers, without licence of the commis. sioners for the time being, upon pain to forfeit forty shillings, and forty shillings a month for so long time as the same shall be continued after warning. 30. That no person or persons do presume to keep any laystall for dung, rubbish, earth, or other soil, either at the VOL. I. No. 11. LI water water side or other place within this city or liberties, other than the common or public laystalls appointed, or to be set out and appointed by the said commissioners for the time being, upon pain to forfeit and pay two pounds thirteen shillings and fourpence; and forty shillings a week for every week he or they shall so continue to do after warning, or be dicted from time to time as a common nuisance. 31. That no tylers, bricklayers, or other persons, do throw out of gutters, or off roofs, or other parts of houses, any tiles, loam, or rubbish, into any street, lane, or common passage, but do bring down the same in baskets or trays, upon pain to forfeit three shillings and fourpence for every offence. 32. That no person or persons do set out in the streets, lanes, or passages, any hogshead, barrels, or other casks or vessels to hoop, wash, or dry, or otherwise incumber the passage, upon pain to forfeit and pay twenty shillings for every offence. 33. That the dung, mud, filth, and soil of the wards of Billingsgate, Bridge, Langborn, Cornhill, Candlewick, Wallbrook, Vintry, and Dowgate, shall be carried down to the laystall at Dowgate Dock; of the ward of Portsoken, Tower, Aldgate, Duke's Place, and Lime Street, to the laystall set out at Mile End; of the ward of Bishopsgate Within and Without, to the laystall at Holloway Lane End, being part of a meadow there belonging to the city; of the ward of Cripplegate Within and Without, Aldersgate Without, Bassishaw, Coleman Street, and Broad Street, to the laystall at Bun Hill; of the ward of Cheap, Cordwainer, Queenhithe, and Bread Street, to the laystall at or near the Three Cranes, and in Dunghill Lane, near Broken Wharf, until such time as the public wharf, or key at the river side, shall be laid open; and afterwards to the laystall at Puddle Dock; of the wards of Farringdon Within, Castlebaynard, Aldersgate Within, and St. Martin Le Grand, to the laystall at Puddle Dock; of the ward of Farringdon Without, to the laystall at Whitefriars; and this course to be used, until the commissioners shall see cause to alter the same; and who shall offend herein shall forfeit and pay five shillings for every offence. 34. That the carmen undertakers, their agents, or servants, shall have liberty to carry rubbish from any parts of the city or liberties into the Vineyard, near Aldgate, for levelling the same till the first of May next, and to shoot the same there gratis; and after that time to pay such sum for what they then shoot as the commissioners shall require. 35. That inasmuch as the said carmen have undertaken to do this work in better manner, and to greater satisfaction than heretofore hath been done, and the commissioners believing from what they have already observed that they will accordingly perform the same, do therefore exhort all persons that shall be rated towards this work, willingly and readily to pay the same; so to prevent trouble and discouragement to the said carmen in a work of this nature, so requisite and necessary to the health and trade of the inhabitants of this city. 36. That the several pains and penalties before mentioned, not particularly expressed to whom to be paid, shall be paid into the chamber of London, upon summons or warning by the officers attending the commissioners, or either of them; or in default, the offender or offenders to be indicted at the sessions for his or their respective offences. 37. That if any of the aforesaid carmen, their agents or servants, do offend in any of the particulars aforesaid, or otherwise relating to this affair, that complaint be made thereof to the commissioners at the Guildhall, who will deal with them according to their offences. 38. That the scavengers for the time being in the several wards or precincts within this city and liberties, do take care, either by their own observations, or complaints made to them by any of the inhabitants, that the said carmen, their agents or servants, do accordingly perform the several branches aforementioned to them relating, or to make complaint thereof to the commissioners, upon pain that the said scavengers shall from time to time, for their negligence or remissness, L1 2 remissness, be indicted at the sessions, unless they shall submit to the censure and judgment of the said commissioners for the time being." In addition to the calamities of the mother city, great part of the Borough of Southwark was destroyed by fire in the year 1676; but it soon experienced a like renovation, by being regularly and substantially rebuilt with brick, which commencing at a small distance from the foot of London Bridge, reached beyond St. Margaret's Hill. The citizens of London appear at this time to have been rather careless in their choice of members to represent them in common council; for, on the 12th of December this year, an order was made by the lord mayor and aldermen, that the precepts to be issued for holding of wardmotes should require," that no person be chosen a common councilman, who has been convicted of defrauding, in weights, measures, or such like crimes, nor any person who has compounded, through inability, to pay his debts." The plots and counterplots subsequent to this period, are disgraceful to the contrivers and promoters; the political squabbles, the vast strides to destroy the civil and religious liberties of the country; and the party contests which gave rise to the vulgar epithets of Whig and Tory*, form a disgustful retrospect. We pass gladly therefore to the year 1681, when by an act of common council it was ordained, "That every car, cart or caroon should have the arms of the city of London on its shaft, and a piece of brass with the number engraven on it; and that those who should work unlicensed cars should, for every offence, pay a forfeit of The court party reproached their antagonists with their resem blance to the conventiclers in Scotland, who were commonly called Whigs; a name derived from a kind of butter-milk, upon which the covenanters were supposed to live. The country party discovered a si, militude between the courtiers and the popish banditti in Ireland, who were usually distinguished by the appellation of Tories, and such was the origin of these ridiculous terms, which have ever since prevailed in England; and is at this day the denominating features of those parties, which are distinguishable either of the independent interest of the coun try, or the more immediate friends of the ruling government. thirteen thirteen shillings and fourpence." Several good regulations were also made for the due measuring of coals sold in small quantities by retail dealers. The most fatal error committed by the machinations of the court, was the invasion of the chartered rights of the whole dominion, by the writ of Quo Warranto, which was issued against the fundamental privileges of the city. The crown, by the most unjust pretensions, had arrogated to itself a right to nominate the sheriffs; but as this right was liable to be annually contested, a more decisive blow was meditated, by which the king would not only become sole disposer of the city franchises; but by the means suggested, might assume in his own person the magistracy of every corporation in England; and that mercenary lawyers should not be wanting to assist in these despotic measures, the most blemished characters had been promoted to the highest judicial dignities; and these persons evinced their gratitude to their employers by the iniquity of their pro ceedings against their already oppressed fellow subjects. Sir Robert Sawyer, the attorney general, by the advice and authority of Sir Edmund Saunders, undertook to over * Sir Edmund Saunders was originally a strolling beggar about the streets, without known parents or relations. He came often to beg scraps at Clement's Inn, where he was taken notice of for his uncommon sprightliness; and as he expressed a strong inclination to learn to write, one of the attorney's clerks taught him, and soon qualified him for a hackney writer. He took all opportunities of improving himself by reading such books as he borrowed of his friends; and, in the course of a few years, became an able attorney, and a very eminent counsel. His practice in the court of King's Bench was exceeded by none; his art and cunning was equal to his knowledge; and he carried many a cause by laying snares. If he was detected, he was never out of countenance, but evaded the matter with a jest, which he had always at hand. He was much employed by the king, against the city of London, in the business of the Quo Warranto. His person was as heavy and ungain, as his wit was alert and sprightly. He is said to have been "a mere lump of morbid flesh :" the sinell of him was so offensive, that people usually held their noses when he came into the court. One of his jests on this occasion was, that "none could say he wanted issue, for he had no less than nine on his back." Granger. 4 throw |