north side thereof, the storehouses of the city, or any other eminent or public piles, all near together in a convenient form. "Then for the large space remaining in circuit about the same, there may be kept the constant daily market formerly kept in Cheapside. The whole body also of the militia of the city, or any part thereof, may be drawn thither at fitting times to be mustered, viewed and exercised, and many other omissions may there be performed: and if this square plot seem to lie too flat and low to carry off the water, it may be raised to any convenient height whatsoever, with part of the rubbish of the old city. "As for the other four piatzos; upon that on the south-west falls, of necessity, the great church of St. Paul's; and it sọ falls, as will no way hinder or obstruct the streets, so that may be set apart wholly for the church. In the vacant space thereof, may be kept a weekly market upon any convenient day, and a Poule's fair once a year, (by the king's gracious charter,) if the church thinks fit to obtain the same. "Upon the other three, there may also be kept three public markets, upon three other days of the week. And whereas, into the north-west piatzo, may be translated the great fair of St. Bartholomew's, heretofore kept in Smithfield; so unto the other two (by the like gracious charter of his majefty) may be obtained two other noble fairs, at two convenient seasons of the year; which fairs may be of great advantage and profit unto the city. And so these piatzos will not only be of general use and benefit in divers respects, but also will be the principal ornament and glory of the city, as partly may be seen by the piatzo in Covent Garden. They all being built on arches as the same is. "THE SECOND MAP. "Now doubting within myself, that these fifty-five parishes quartered out by the first Map, may prove too numerous for the inhabitants (which will be quickly discovered, when the account of them is taken, as I hear the city is upon it, as also the quantity of ground which cach man's house stood upon, upon, I have drawn one other map of the same extension and frame, save only, that whereas the first map hath seven streets, from west to east, this hath but five, which, however, retains the same piatzos with the former, only more large from north to south; and so (the piatzo of Tower Hill excepted) cast the city into thirty-nine parishes, augmenting each parish into a larger proportion by more than a fourth part, north and south, only the frame and form of the churches, with the small streets leading thereunto, shall stand in all respects like unto the former, but may be augmented in wideness, if the city please. "In the first plot of the circuit of the city, I have placed nine gates; and in this latter, only seven, viz. against every second street or gate. "Some of these gates may serve for prisons, as formerly; but neither against any gate or wall should there be any house built; but that the same should stand clear and free by at least forty or fifty foot within the walls; and the like without the walls and dike on the other side. “These gates, with a strong tower at the two corners of the walls, will be made defensible, as so many bastions or bulwarks one to the other. "Possibly this frame of the city, may be found too large for the inhabitants. Truely, I conceive it the better, if it so fall out; for the city in time will grow to the walls, and happily some of the suburbs may creep back again into the city, when they find convenience and reception there; and far better it were that the walls should inclose the city, than that the city should swell over the walls. "But yet, if the number of squares or portions in the map be found too numerous for the inhabitants, there are divers incorporated guilds or fraternities within the city of London, of which twelve are of the most honorable or principal fraternities, (out of which they say the lord mayor is always chosen); two of these may join together, and choose out one quarter, in which they may erect their halls, and all other houses belonging thereunto; and for the inner part of the square square, they may convert to brave walks and terraces, and grandeur of delight; and in the midst of each square, they may erect and raise a stately mount (surmounting the buildings of the city, which may be raised out of the rubbish of the burnt houses, and may save the charges of exportation thereof out of the town; all which will in a short time be manured and made fertile for the planting of trees, herbs and flowers, and converted into brave walks and ascents, where the companies may walk and recreate themselves, and from the top of their mount may have a brave prospect, and draw fresh and wholesome air at all convenient seasons, without walking further abroad into the fields; and if I mistake not in the measure, the ground will bear it well enough, the squares of the first map being more than eleven acres, and of the second map more than fifteen. "And so this may take off and replenish six or more of these squares, which may be found supernumeraries, and those so to be taken out, not to lie together, but in methodical places. "Within the walls of this city, it would do well that no Brewhouses, Dyehouses, Slaughterhouses, or such like noysome trades or professions were suffered. "And thus have I shaped this new city in mine own fancy and conceit; submitting myself to the judgment and censure of more able artists. " Postscript. "RICH. NEWCOURTE:" "This or the like handsome model may be observed for , forming of the city as is burnt, for what remains standing, it may in after ages be joined to the same as time and opportunity shall serve, "As for the owners of the several lands, though the quantity cannot be laid in the same place, yet possibly (for many) somewhat near, and far more commodious both for streets and trade than any part of the city. Each house facing a fair street, and near to one or more of the fine marts, with sweet open air, and a convenient yard or outlet into the back VOL. I. No. 11. K k parts. parts. And if any accident of fire should happen again, (which God forbid) the very streets and piatzoe's will be sufficiently large for the citizens to save their goods." The consequence of affliction was reformation, and as pride had preceded destruction, repentance followed calamity. On the 11th of November, 1668, Sir William Peake *, lord mayor, issued out a precept for preventing immoralities, profanation of the Lord's day, drunkenness and gaming; for suppressing rogues, vagrants, and sturdy beggars; for keeping the streets duly paved and swept: inflicting a penalty of three shillings and four-pence upon such as did not keep their soil or dirt in tubs till the coming of the raker, and five shillings upon such as should throw or suffer ashes, dirt, or other filth, to be cast out in the streets before their own ground or houses, and twenty shillings for casting dirt, &c. before a neighbour's, or any church, or church yard, or other public place or building, or into any common sink, vault, watercourse or sewer, conformable to the late act of parliament: and it was further ordained that all inhabitants should duly hang and keep out their candles lighted to the accustomed hour; and the constables should sit and continue their watches, according to the direction of former acts of common council. There, also, passed an act of common council, on the 8th of September, 1669, for establishing Newgate, Honey Lane, and Woolchurch markets; and to abolish that which had been kept in Aldersgate Street since the time of the late dismal fire. The city in a short time rapidly improved, and the alacrity expressed by the government, and by every class of inhabitants, fully evinced that an industrious spirit is not to be subdued by the most calamitous circumstances. An act of parliament passed in 1670, by which it was enacted, "That besides the streets already appointed to be It is reported of this gentleman, that his father possessed five hun dred pounds per year, in Lincolnshire; and that he used to ride to town every year or two," in a splendid equipage of a coach and four horses. Strype's Stow. 46 widened, widened, those of Pater-noster Row, Warwick Lane, Watling Street, Candlewick Street, Eastcheap, Swithin's Lane, Little Wood Street, Milk Street, Tower Street, Water Lane in Tower Street, Rood Lane, St. Mary Hill, Thames Street from London Bridge to Puddle Dock, Pye Corner, and Threadneedle Street, should also be enlarged; and that the sum of two shillings a chaldron be added to the one shilling a chaldron already granted upon coals to the lord mayor and citizens of London, for the term of seventeen years and five months, for the effectual accomplishment of the said work:" and it was also ordered, "That the sole power of regulating, keeping clean, pitching, and paving the streets of the city of London, and of making and cleaning drains and sewers in London, shall remain in the mayor, commonalty, and citizens, to be executed by such persons as the mayor, aldermen, and commonalty shall appoint, and that the mayor, &c. may impose a tax upon houses for the doing thereof." In pursuance of this authority, the commissioners of the sewers in 1671-2, published the following act of common council, in which are summed up the antient customs and other statutes, rules and orders, relating to the pavement and cleansing the streets : Rules, Orders, and Directions, 1. Item, That hereafter all streets within the city, called or known to be high streets, shall be paved round or causeway fashion, and upon notice given, to the commissioners, of any defective pavement in any of the streets, lanes, and passages within this city and liberties, the same shall be forthwith made good and amended, unless by general consent some better expedient be found and published. 2. That inasmuch as it hath been found by common experience, that the paviors, to hide and cover their bad workmanship, have oftentimes spread and laid great quantities of gravel over their pavements, to be a greater charge to the persons setting them on work than was needful, and which upon a sudden rain, did either choak the common sewers, Kk 2 or |