Political Economy,

ON MERCANTILE EDUCATION AND PRINCIPLES.

(FROM THE GERMAN OF T. L. EWALD, BY L. MAN, OF LIVERPOOL.) (Translated expressly for the Kaleidoscope.)

"There are not more useful members in a commonwealth

than merchants.-Addison.

[Concluded from our last.]

There is another bad habit, which has been much encouraged of late years, and which threatens to operate in the most baneful manner; namely, the habit of making declarations which are not true, signing statements which are not exact, using certificates which are counterfeited; all in the way of trade: nay, some individuals are so keen in their calling, that they will not even scruple to take an oath, if that will forward their business, or procure them an advantage which they could not otherwise enjoy. Provided the oath be but arranged in such a manner, that no literal perjury can be brought home to them, they care very little for a virtual one; and so long as the practice is found advantageous, it is not even deprecated by people who pride themselves upon their strict I have often been astonished honesty in any other case. at the levity with which such things are treated by men who ought to know better. They do not consider, that when the limits of morality are once infringed, it is very easy to widen the gap at pleasure. If it be once allowable to do wrong, and to defend it because it is profitable, the rule for honesty ceases to be fixed: commercial policy will lengthen or shorten it according to circumstances, and the greatest deviation from rectitude may be excused on the same plea. It appears to me, that a real merchant would rather relinquish, than encourage, a trade which cannot be carried on without fraud, and not deal in goods which are prohibited, or negociate with countries which will not admit of a lawful intercourse.

[From Time's Telescope.] FOR FEBRUARY 1825.

fore the Amphictyons, or wise men, who formerly decided | promoted so much good, which could not have been e
similar claims in Greece. The continental deputies are fected in any other manner :-all these deserve the hit-
non-suited in their complaints against the extension of est praise and thanks of the community; but they ham
British commerce; and it is plainly shown to them, that their reward within themselves, and they were not urg
the natural advantages of England ought no more to ex-by the hope of any other.
cite the envy of other nations, than the beauty of a well- No other class of men can do so much good, or can
made person ought to call forth the anger of the beholders. it so spontaneously as merchants can; for they have
They are further given to understand, that it is still more riches at command, and they can transfer them
unreasonable to complain about the effects of superior art quickly than any other earthly power. Let every one
or industry; because the means of attaining them are proud who forms a link in that beneficent chain; but i
equal to all who are willing to use their heads and hands, his pride be an honourable one, and let him say with
and the plaintiffs are at perfect liberty to avail themselves himself,-I too will do credit to my station.
of their own faculties, in order to produce the wished-for
terms of equality. Nevertheless, the denunciations against The Naturalists' Diary.
the Navigation Act, and against what Britain calls her ma-
ritime rights, appear to be well founded; and it is the de-
cided opinion of the court, that these (so named) rights
are neither more nor less than an abuse of power, which
often brought on the most bloody wars, and which may
tend to the final overthrow of what is, in almost every
other respect, so highly respectable and praiseworthy.
Undue rivalry between individuals leads to the same
injustice, and is quite as foolish. It destroys the peace of
mind of its votaries; because it does not allow them to be
happy so long as they see others near them whose prospe-
rity is likely to equal or to surpass their own. They cannot
enjoy their own possessions under such circumstances, and
they will make the greatest sacrifices to have the pleasure
of ruining a competitor. They will lay hold of every op-changeable climate; it is more applicable, hover
portunity to injure his credit, and eagerly watch for the
moment which is to seal his doom. There is nothing too
unreasonable and too base for the spirit of envy, which
would fain assume the name of commercial policy; but
which is, in fact, as detestable as that of Richelieu, or of
Mazarin.

This spirit, however, is far from being the real mercan-
tile disposition. Most of the respectable members in the
commercial part of society would rather support a falling
The intercourse ought to be free, say the defenders of brother, than hasten his destruction; and, though self-
clandestine transactions; and we only oppose cunning to preservation may often forbid interference, commerce does
tyranny. But, granting that the complaints against the not exclude friendship. I can scarcely describe how highly
compulsory system are just, should we therefore act in I felt delighted on reading lately the anecdote of Sir Ro-
contradiction to the eternal laws of morality? Despotism bert Peel, in Hüttner's English Miscellanies. This rich,
may deprive us of many advantages, it may unjustly vex well-informed, and noble-minded merchant is possessor of
and injure us; but it cannot make us give up our princi- extensive cotton manufactories at Bury, in Lancashire,
ples; and we ought to forego a momentary profit, which and he gave, some years ago, a most brilliant proof of his
is only to be obtained by the sacrifice of what we hold being a total stranger to any thing like sordid jealousy.
most sacred. I am happy to say, that I still know many A great house, which has likewise cotton works, and is an
merchants, whom nothing would persuade to engage in a absolute rival of Sir Robert, was at the point of breaking,
business of an immoral nature, and who, nevertheless, are when the magnanimous man made it an advance of four-
making their fortunes; perhaps not quite so quickly as
teen thousand pounds sterling, and thereby kept it stand-
their enterprising neighbours, but in a much safer man- ing. His Majesty was pleased to confer the honour of
ner. The old proverb holds good in commercial transac-knighthood on Sir Robert Peel, on account of his patriotic
tions as in all others, and honesty is always the best spirit and general merit: but if there were no action of
policy.
his on record but the one just related, it would alone en-
title him to every civic honour.

Commercial jealousy is likewise often carried to a most shameful length in private transactions; and it produces in detail all the evils which national competition engenders on a larger scale. Envy is pernicious in all its operations: it is mere folly, so long as it does but make us dissatisfied, when we see others enjoy advantages which could never become entirely our own; it becomes crime, or it leads to crime, when we form the resolution of depriving others of what they lawfully possess; and it assumes its blackest features when our attempts are not even likely to conduce to our own benefit, but have merely the injury of others for their object.

The late Büsch had imagined a Diet, in which the various nations were to settle their commercial disputes beSome of the preceding remarks allude particularly to the licensing system, which was acted upon during the supremacy of the French government; when even respectable houses did not scruple to avail themselves of forged documents and false declarations. The author meant to infer, that such practices had a tendency to corrupt the morals of those who Indulged in them; because it familiarized their minds with equivocation and deceit.-Note of the Translator

Honourable distinctions are, indeed, never more properly conferred than when they are granted to persons of such a description. A Peel, who signs ten thousand pounds in a voluntary subscription for the support of the state, and who would have signed thrice as much if he had thought it necessary; who assists reduced families, and provides for them according to their former circumstances;-the Greek merchants at Neschin, who erected an infirmary at their own expense, and secured funds for its support; in order to show their gratitude for the confirmation of their ancient privileges ;-Mr. Syrenkow, at St. Petersburgh, who founded six charitable institutions, at the same time, in his native town;-Mr. Lukimatuschkin, at Tobolsk, who maintains twenty poor people, at his sole expense, in a fine stone building, which he has got built for that express purpose ;-all the noble individuals who have so largely contributed to the many humane societies in England; and all those who, in Hamburg, Lübeck, Frankfurt, and Bremen, have supported institutions by their voluntary subscriptions, and have done and

"As birds flying he scattereth the snow; and the falling d thereof is as the lighting of grasshoppers: the eye marileth at the beauty of the whiteness thereof; and the bart a astonished at the raining of it. The hour frest he poureth upon the earth; it lieth on the top of sharp Katan When the cold north wind bloweth, and the water water, and clotheth the water as with a breast-plate'—im siasticus, chap. xliii, v. 17-20.

gealed into ice, it abideth upon every gathering togtied

This beautiful description of the "magnificence of ter" is not often realised, for any length of time, February, than to any other month in the year: frost seldom sets in till the middle or latter end nuary, and in this case it generally continues fr seven weeks. There are few persons, we hope of hoar frost, the curious figures of snow, as seen by o insensible to the "beauties of winter:" the pho magnifying glass, the pendent icicles, the never-ca forms assumed by the frozen vapour on our windevi, d all the other countless wonders of this season, canto to interest and instruct the least observant spectator which spreads before us these attractive objects for fairy frost-work" of Nature. But it is not the da consideration;-what can be more delightful than

66

A SERENE WINTER'S NIGHT.
How delightful this night!--the balmiest sigh
Which vernal zephyrs breathe in evening's ear
Were discord to the speaking quietude
That wraps this moveless scene. Heaven's chon wall,
Studded with stars unutterably bright,
Through which the Moon's unclouded grandeur rolls,
Seems like a canopy which Love had spread
To curtain her sleeping world. Yon gentle hills,
Robed in a garment of untrodden snow;
Yon darksome walls, whence icicles depend
So stainless, that their white and glittering spears
Tinge not the Moon's pure beam; yon castled steep,
Whose banner hangeth o'er the time-worn towe
So idly, that wrapt fancy deemeth it
A metaphor of Peace-all form a scene
Where musing Solitude might love to lift
Her soul above this sphere of earthliness:
Where Silence, undisturbed, might watch alone,
So cold, so bright, so still!

Although February, occasionally, shower down t snows," and give out a damp and clinging," days of soft air, and sunshine and unbroken blue sky. ter, eager, and shrewd air," this month can boast of La transporting us into the very heart of May, and us to look about and wonder what is become of the gro leaves and the flowers! Yet some of these re Bengal roses, stocks, wall-flowers, &c. Bees also be seen in February 1824,-as mezereons, pyrus japer

TO THE SNOWY EVE.

'Tis night, and Darkness o'er the land and sea
Outstretches gloomily her ebon wings:
Downward, with biting breath, the tempest flings
The whirling snow-flake, dancing giddily.
What is my thought?-the traveller on the moor,
Benighted, lonely, urging on his steed,
Where all is solitude, and none to heed.
What is my thought?-the ocean's awful roar
Recals the wandering mariner, afar
Upon the rayless deep, whose flashing gun,
The signal of distress, is heard by none,
Save HIM, who placed in heaven the evening star
What is my thought?-that feeling is distress,
And human life a wintry wilderness.

D. M. Mon

nged, should have been suffered to be undiscovered or noticed among the lumber of any library. Every perSon of literary taste must wonder, and every enthusiastic amirer of Shakspeare be inclined to utter an exclamaon of dismay, when we lay before them the contents of his precious book.-They are as follow:

1. The Merchant of Venice. Printed by J. R. for Thomas Heyes. 1600. First Edition. [Perfect.]

2, The Merry Wives of Windsor. Printed by T. C. for Ar. hur Johnson. 1602. First Edition. [Wanting last leaf but 3. Much Adoe about Nothing. Printed by V. S. for Andrew Wise and William Aspley. 1600. First edition. [Perfect.] 4 A Midsummer Nights Dreame. Printed for Thomas Fisher. 1600. First edition. [Wanting four leaves in the

: middle

5. Troylus and Cressida. One of the two first editions, both printed in 1609. [Wants Title.]

6. Romeo and Juliet. Printed by Thomas Creede for ert Burby. 1599. First edition of the enlarged Play.

2,200 lines; while the edition of 1604 (the quarto edition
reprinted in Stevens's four vols.) consists of sixty leaves,
with an average of thirty-two lines per page, or total of
above 3,800 lines. This shows that the newly-discovered
drama does not contain much more than half the text of
the earliest edition previously known.

But it is very singular also in other respects. There
are various new readings, of infinite interest; sentiments
expressed, which greatly alter several of the characters;
differences in the names; and many minor points, which
are extremely curious. For example, every alternate page
is headed Tragedie and Tragedy; Laertes is Leartes,
throughout; Polonius is Corambis; Gildenstern is Gilder-
stone; Osrick has no name, but is styled a braggart gen-
tleman of the court : and in the closet-scene " the Ghost |
enters in his nightgown."

From these variations, and the absence of so much of what appeared in the edition of the ensuing year, 1604, we hardly Cuth-know what to infer. It has been said that Shakespeare found[Per-ed his play, as was often his custom, on a preceding drama; but this has too much of Shakespeare in it to be that 7. Hamlet. Printed by N. L. and John Trundell. 1603. drama. It may be surmised, that in the course of its First known edition. Last leaf wanting; but it contains immense popularity some piratical bookseller obtained a Hamlet's death, and very few lines are wanting, probably not garbled copy of Hamlet, and published it; for at this half so many as occur after the hero's death, in the received period copyrights were not sold by authors, as in our days, and Shakespeare seems never to have paid much attention to literary profit, or to any fame beyond the walls of the theatre where his productions were performed. But we will leave the discussion of this point to others, and proceed to make our readers acquainted with some of the most striking features in the play, as it is given. It opens, as in later editions.

text of the play:

8. Henry IV part II. Villiam Aspley. 1600. aves. [Perfect ]

Printed by V. S. for Andrew Wise and First edition. Signature E. has six -part I. Printed by P. S. for Andrew Wise. 98. First Edition. [Perfect.]

10. Henry V. Printed by Thomas Creede for Thomas quier. 1602. Second edition. [Perfect.]

11. Richard III. Printed by Thomas Creede for Andrew ise. 1602. Third edition. [Perfect.]

12 The Two Noble Kinsmen, by John Fletcher and Wm. akespeare. 1634. First edition. [Perfect.]

The size of this important and curious volume is the Hent small quarto, and, with the exceptions specified we, it is in excellent order. It was the property of Sir Hanmer, but must have been purchased by him after had published his Shakespeare; otherwise he would ve made use of it in that publication. From Sir T. immer it passed into the possession of the Bunbury ily; and it was from one of its branches that it came the hands of its present owners, Messrs. Payne and efore we proceed to give a more particular account of chief ornament of this tome, it may be agreeable to fe certain data from commentators on, and editions of, akespeare's Plays.

Mr. Malone had seen the Hamlet 1604, for he preserved title; and, indeed, we are assured that he had that %, now the Duke of Devonshire's (from the late J. mble's library) for many months in his possession. title is,

he Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke. By Miam Shakespeare. Newly imprinted and enlarged to - most as much again as it was, according to the true and rfect Coppie. Printed by J. R. for N. Landure. 1604." seeding editions were

Enter two Centinels.

1. Stand: who is that?
2. Tis I.

1. O you come most carefully vpon your watch.
2. And if you meete Marcellus and Horatio

The partners of my watch, bid them make haste..
1. I will: See who goes there.

Enter Horatio and Marcellus.
Hor. Friends to this ground.

Mar. And leegemen to the Dane, &c.

The omissions here, as well as throughout, which will readily be discovered by looking at a modern edition, tend strongly to confirm the suspicion, that the play was picked out by hearing it performed, and getting speeches and parts from some of the actors. From where our quotation ends, the text is nearly the same as in the quarto of 1611. The first appearance of the Ghost is at the line "the bell then tozoling (not beating') one. The dialogue continues nearly the same, except that the omissions are considerable; as for instance, the Ghost re-enters at the cue, ground of this our watch," after which, in the later editions, there is much matter. But the difference of text is also observable; for example, when the Ghost vanishes the first time, Horatio says

In what particular thought, to worke I know not
But in the grosse and scope of my opinion,
This bodes, &c.
[4to of 1611.]

Dexteritie to incestuous sheetes,

Ere yet the shooes were olde.

The which she followed my dead fathers corse
Like Nyobe, all tears: married, well it is not,
Nor it cannot come to good:

But breake my heart, for I must hold my tongue. We cannot, at least this week, go through the minutia of the new (old) Play, and point out where it differs and coincides with the later copies. After the above Soliloquy, Horatio enters with " Health (not hail) to your Lordship:" and the dialogue continues to "For Godsake let me heare it."

A fine Shakesperian expression occurs here in the line usually printed In the dead waste (or even waist) and middle of the night.” which is

In the dead Vast and middle of the night. Opelia appears as usual. The Ghost appears to Hamlet at the line

More honoured in the breach than in observance.

Hamlet's Soliloquy, on his entrance after Opelia's correspondence is shown, runs thus:

To be, or not to be, I there's the point,
To die, to sleepe, is that all? I, all:

No, to sleepe, to dreame, I marry there it goes,
For in that dreame of death, when wee awake
And borne before an euerlasting Iudge,
From whence no passenger euer retur❜nd
The vndiscouered country, at whose sight
The happy smile, and the accursed damnd.
But for this, the ioyfull hope of this
Whol'd beare the scornes and flattery of the world,
Scorned by the rich, the rich curssed of the poore?
The widow being oppressed, the orphan wrong'd
The taste of hunger, or a tirants raigne,
And thousand more calamities besides,
To grunt and sweate vnder this weary life,
When that he may his full quictus make
With a bare bodkin, who would this indure,
But for a hope of something after death?

Which pulses the braine, and doth confound the sence,
Which makes vs rather beare those euilles we haue,
Than flie to others that we know not of.

I that, O this conscience makes cowardes of 78 all.
Lady in thy orizons, be all my sinnes remembred.
This is a poor version ; but, passing over the interven -
ing scenes which follow the common course, we come to
the most remarkable difference in the whole-the famous
Closet Scene; though in doing so we omit that beginning
(here)

Why what a dunghil idiote slaue ame I;
and that in the advice to the players, where "town crier"
reads "a towne bull bellow." There is one striking word
in the Play Scene, which removes a phrase that has been
much objected to:

Ham. Lady will you give me leave, and so forth;
To lay my head in your lappe.

Opel. No my Lord.

Ham. Vpon your lap, what do you thinke I meant
contrary matters.

But ws are brought to our conclusion, and can only add
some remarkable passages of the Closet Scene:
Looke you nowe here is your husband
With a face like Vulcan

A looke fit for a murder and a rape,

Whereas the newly-found play reads
In what particular to worke I know not
But in the thought and scope of my opinion
This bodes some strange eruption to the state.
In the next Scene the King, Queen, &c. enter; and it
is chiefly remarkable for the name of Corambis being in-
troduced instead of Polonius and Leartes for Laertes. Two
Ambassadors are mentioned, and an improvement, as their
presence gives occasion for the King's speech, otherwise
uncalled for, to his own Court. It begins" Lordes we
have urit," omitting all the foregoing parts; and the whole
is greatly amplified in the later copies. We will not oc-
| cupy our page by quoting Hamlet's Soliloquy, when these
ereunt, as it can be seen by turning to the common Play;
but we imagine that our readers will be pleased to have it At the exit of the Ghost, the Queen says,
as it stands in this original.

Ham.

Ex. all but Hamlet.

O that this too much grieu'd and sallied flesh
Would melt to nothing, or that the vniuersell
Globe of heaven would turne al to a Chaos!

O God within two moneths; no not two: married,
Mine vncle: O let me not thinke of it,

My fathers brother: but no more like
My father, than I to Hercules.

Within two months, ere yet the salt of most
Vnrighteous feates had left their flushing
In her galled eyes: she married, o God, a beast
Deuoyd of reason would not have made
Such speede: Frailtie, thy name is woman,
Why she would hang on him, as if increase
Of appetite had growne by what it looked on.
O wicked wicked speede, to make such
Kidd's, if we remember rightly.

A dull dead hanging looke, and hell-bred eie
To affright children and amaze the world:
And this same have you left to change with death
What divell has thus consoned you at hobman blinde?
Enter the Ghost in his Night Gowne.
Hamlet exclaims,

Saue me, saue me you gratious
Powers above, &c

Alas it is the weakenesse of thy braine

Which makes thy tongue to blazon thy hearts griefe;
But as I have a soule, I sweare by Heauen,

I never knew of this most horride murder:
But, Hamlet, this is only fantasie,
And for my love forget these idle fits.

Ham. Idle, no mother my pulse doth beate like yours,

It is not madnesse that possesseth Hamlet.

O mother, if euer you did my deare father loue

Forbeare the adulterous bed to-night

And win yourself by little as you may

In time it may be you will lothe him quite.

And mother, but assist me in revenge

And in his death your infamy shall die.
Queene. Hamlet. I vow by that Majesty

That knowes our thoughts, and lookes into our hearts
I will conceale, consent, and doe my best,
What stratagem soe're you shall deuise.
Ham. It is enough, mother good night.

These are very striking, and would have tempted us to go farther in this analysis, but we trust we have done enough to satisfy, in a sufficient measure, the intense curiosity which this book has raised in every literary circle; and the more so, as we have learnt, with much gratifica tion, that Messrs. Payne and Foss are about to commit the Hamlet to the press, for a literatim impression. They will greatly oblige the public by this judicious conduct, and every lover of Shakespeare, i. e. every lover of literature, will thank them for it. The work may be looked for in about a fortnight.

The original volume is valued at from £200 to £800 by the Philobiblios.

[FROM A MORNING PAPER.]

WESTMINSTER REVIEW, NO. V. AND
CAPTAIN MEDWIN.

MR. MEDWIN makes LORD BY

RON say,

'His description of the Georglone, in the Manfrini palace at Venice, is meant for the Countess.'-p. 24.

"We will put out of the question," said he, "cavalier serventicism."'-p. 28.

'He was sixty, and she six-
teen.'-p. 30.

'From the first they had
separate apartments, and she
always used to call him Sir.
P. 30.

This number of the Westminster Review, which appeared last week, contains several valuable articles, and seems, on the cursory perusal we have been able to give it, to be a very good one. Our notice has been particularly attracted by an article on Dallas's Recollections, and Med. win's Conversations of Lord Byron. It evidently has proceeded from some one intimately acquainted with Lord Byron, and who has had access to all his papers. The Comments of Lord Byron himself upon Mr. Dallas's letters to him are some of them very amusing, and the removal of any imputation which might have attached to Lord Byron from that publication, complete. The most generally interesting part of the article will, however, bep. 42. the statement of facts, in opposition to Medwin's Conversations, which we think worth extracting at large:

THE FACT.

All this was not agreeable, and at length I was forced to smuggle her out of Ravenna.'

LORD BYRON speaks in MR.
MEDWIN's book.

MR. MEDWIN's Title-page.
But to return to the Guic-
'Conversations of Lord By- Mr. Medwin never resided cioli.-The old Count did not
ron, noted during a residence with Lord Byron at Pisa, or object to her availing herself of
with his Lordship at Pisa, in any where else. He came to the privileges of the country;
the years 1821 and 1822.' Pisa in November, 1821; he an Italian would have recon-
left Pisa in March, 1822; he ciled him: indeed, for some
returned to Pisa the 18th of time he winked at our inti-
August, 1822, and left that macy, but at length made an
place on the 28th of August. exception against me as a fo-
During these periods he occa-reigner, a heretic, an English-
sionally dined and rode out
with his Lordship.

MR. MEDWIN makes LORD BY-
RON say,

'I knew very few of the The invitation to the GeneGenevese. Hentsch was very vese professor did not come civil to me; and I have a great from Lord Byron; it was an respect for Sismondi. I was imprudent liberty taken by his forced to return the civilities domestic physician, and Lord of one of their professors, by Byron was not detained from asking him, and an old gentle- the dinner-table by the wind man, a friend of Gray's, to dine He staid away on purpose, with me. I had gone out to saying to the doctor, “as you mail early in the morning, and asked these guests yourself, the wind prevented me from you may entertain them yourreturning in time for dinner. self." I understand that I offended them mortally.'—p.15.

MR. MEDWIN'S LD. BYRON says, 'What is become of my boatmen and boat?

Lord Byron had no boatmen.

I suppose she Mr. Hobhouse did not arrive was rotten; she was never at Diodati until after the tour worth much. When I went alluded to. the tour of the Lake in her,

with Shelley and Hobhouse,

she was nearly wrecked, &c.' -Pp. 15, 16.

MR. MEDWIN in his own person says,

man,and what was worse than
all, a liberal.'-pp. 31, 32.

'Shortly after the plot was
discovered, I received several
anonymous letters, advising
me to discontinue my forest
rides.'-p. 37.

'I had a magazine of 100
stand of arms in the house.
p. 36.

'They were exiled, and their possessions confiscated.'-p.37.

'If they could have got suffcient proof, they would have arrested me; but no one be trayed me.'-p. 38.

THE FACT.

Lord Byron could not mean to represent the Countess Guiccioli, by his description of the female in the celebrated picture by Giorgione-for he had never seen the Countess when he wrote the description. It may be as well to mention that thepicture contains more than one portrait, which the Conversation-writer does not seem to have known, as also that the description is meant for the female portrait itself.

A long speech on the subject of Madame Guiccioli, and on the politics of Ravenna, is put into Lord Byron's mouth, the authenticity of which may be Judged of by the following lists of mis-statements, which Lord Byron never could have made. The Countess Guiccioli was in her twentieth year.

They had not separate apartments, and she never called her hushand Sir, but Alexan

der, his Christian name.

This is not the case; the
Countess openly followed her

father, Count Gamba, fifteen
days after his banishment, to
Florence.

The Count Guiccioli was strongly and notoriously attached to the liberals himself.

Lord Byron did not receive any anonymous letters on this occasion; a placard was posted on the walls near his house, in which he was mentioned as protector of the Carbonari. Lord Byron had five or six carbines or muskets, and five or six pair of pistols, ready for his travelling service.

The writer speaks of the Counts Gamba their possessions were not confiscated.

The papal government never evinced such an intention. Cardinal Gonsalvi was always extremely well-disposed to wards Lord Byron.

It did not occur at this time; it happened five months be

'An event occurred at this
time, at Ravenna, that made a
deep impression on me. I al- fore.
luded to it in Don Juan. The He was a persecutor of the
military commandant of the carbonari, and it was suspected
place, who, though suspected that he was killed by a carbo-
of being secretly a carbonaro, naro.
was too powerful a man to be
arrested, was assassinated op.
posite to my palace; a spot,
perhaps, selected by choice for
The first part of the state the commission of the crime.

He always has pistols in
his holster, and eight or ten ment is true-the second un- The measures which were
pair, by the first makers in true-a courier carry eight or adopted to screen the mur-
London, carried by his cou- ten pair of pistols!! This cou-derer, proved the assassina-
rier.'-p 17.
rier did occasionally carry one tion to have taken place by
pair of pistols.
order of the police.'

The Commandant was at the head of the police, and directed the police against the

carbonari.

The whole of what is put into Lord Byron's mouth, as to Lord Byron, is a romance-the truth is as follows:

'I had my foot in the stirrup It was eight o'clock in the
at my usual hour of exercise, evening, Lord Byron was going
when my horse started at the into his bed-room to change
report of a gun-on looking his neckcloth, in order to walk
up, I perceived a man throw to an evening conversazione,
down a carbine, and run away accompanied by his servant,
at full speed, and another Battista Falsieri. He heard a
stretched upon the pavement musket shot, and he sent Bat-
a few yards from me."
tista to inquire the cause.

MR. MEDWIN'S LORD BYRON.

THE FACT. Battista went, and reported that the commandant hade killed at a little distance the house. Lord Byron went into the street himse and ordered the wounded m to be carried into his ho Accordingly, Battista carrie! him on his shoulders, and la him on the bed of Lord Byron valet. No one was seen to run away, but Battista found a can bine, yet warm, on the ground Lord Byron detailed the ap eumstances, at the time, in a letter to his friends in Eng land; and since the appear ance of the pretended Conver sations, those who were pre sent at the stone have been questioned, and hav,furnished the above facts. It may be mentioned also, that in Don Juan the time of this accident is mentioned as being “right” in the evening. Mr. Moore had no little be

There was nobody in the we set off for a country seat carriage that conveyed Lad of Sir Ralph's; and I was sur- and Lady Byron from Sealan prised at the arrangements for to Hannaby, on the day the journey, and somewhat their marriage, besides in out of humour to find a lady's Lordship and his wife. maid stuck between me and my bride. It was rather too early to assume the husband; so I was forced to submit, but it was not with a very good grace.'—pp. 47, 48. LORD BYRON in MR. MEDWIN'S book.

"We had a house in town, Lord and Lady Byro gave dinner-parties, had sepa- not give dinner parties rate carriages, and launched had not separate carr into every sort of extrava- they did not launch out gance. This could not last any extravagance. long. My wife's £10,000 soon melted way,' &c.—pp. 49, 501

ter, not a few lines, and it be gan, "My Lord," not "Siz It was dated Feb. 2, 1816 All my former friends, The will, in which Cap even my cousin, George By- George Byron was not ron, who had been brought up queathed any of his com with me, and whom I loved property, was made in Ja as a brother, took my wife's 1815, long before the part. He followed the stream tion of Lord and Lady Byr when it was the strongest against me, and can never expect any thing from me. He shall never touch a sixpence of mine.'-pp. 61, 52.