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sand, drowned some, and was the means of saving the

'lives of others.

5. Although Port Royal suffered so much from the earthquake, more houses remained standing there than in any other part of the island. The shock was so violent in other places, that people who were walking were violently thrown down, and lay prostrate upon the ground, with their arms extended, to prevent themselves from being rolled and bruised by the incredible motion of the earth, which has generally been compared to the heaving of the waves of the sea. Hardly a habitation or a sugar mill remained standing in the whole island. Every building was overthrown at Passage-Fort. Only a single house was left at Liguania, and at Saint Jago a few low houses, built by the provident Spaniards, were all that escaped de

able deficiency in those dispositions exists, the choice of other pursuits ought to be recommended, for no merchant can be long prosperous without them.

The sons of merchants are often obliged to devote them.

there. Many people expect some similar eruption in one of our mountains. But we hope that this event will not be necessary, as the shocks have gradually diminished in violence, ever since that which was so fatal in its effects. It is now so long since we have experienced none but selves to commerce without natural disposition and aptres, slight and almost imperceptible concussions, that we flatter because the welfare of a whole family may depend on the ourselves they will soon entirely cease. continuation of a business in which the chief part of it After the principal shock, the persons who escaped property is engaged, and which could not be given up went, in great numbers, on board the vessels which were in without considerable loss; nay, which is even very prothe port, and several of them remained there during two fitable, if properly conducted. In such cases a young months. The shocks during that period were so violent man ought to say to himself, "It must be so! I will study and frequent (there were sometimes two or three in the to become a good merchant, in order to comply with my course of an hour) and accompanied by noises so terrible, duty as a son and a brother;" and when such a resolution proceeding from the interior of the earth, or occasioned by is taken, and persevered in with firmness, it will be the fall of mountains, that no one ventured to return to crowned with success, in spite of apparent obstacles. Man land. Others repaired to the place called Kingstown or can do a great deal when he is in good eartest. Let the In the north of the island the houses, with the greatest Killkown. There, the want of convenience and neces- youth who is in that situation devote himself early to his part of the plantations, which are at considerable dis-saries in the half-ruined huts where they took refuge, and future career; let him get early accustomed to order, ac tances from each other, were swallowed up, together with the dampness occasioned by the excessive rains which fell tivity, and circumspection, even in trifling matters; let the trees and inhabitants, in a single abyss. In the space after the earthquake, brought on a pestilent fever. About him become familiar with the skill and the knowledge formerly occupied by them, a large lake, of about 1000 three thousand persons fell victims to this malady, most of which his business requires, and, when he is reading, let acres in extent, soon afterwards appeared; it has since whom died at Kingstown, which is at all times an un-him be oftener found with Anderson, Büsch, and May, been dried up, and is now replaced by a moving bed of wholesome place. The great quantity of dead bodies con- (commercial writers) than with Jacobi, Goëthe, and Jean sand, which does not bear the slightest traces of either veyed by the wind from one side of the harbour to the Paul (poets and novel writers.) Let him consider th other, which were sometimes piled up in heaps containing there is less harm in being an indifferent scholar, the one or two hundreds, added, without doubt, to its natural being an indiferent merchant, and that the ruin of tha insalubrity.-July 3, 1693. latter involves also that of his fainily and friends.

struction.

tree or house.

But the most violent concussions were those felt among the mountains; and it is the general opinion, that in proportion as we approach nearer to them, the shock becomes more perceptible, and that the cause of the earthquake, whatever it may be, lies concealed beneath them.

Political Economy,

ON MERCANTILE EDUCATION AND PRINCIPLES.

Every rational man, who aims at an object, must alse be willing to adopt such measures as will lead to the at tainment of what he pursues; and, whether his determi nation to the mercantile line be forced or voluntary, le will endeavour to follow it properly. Unfortunately,

Not far from Yellows, a portion of a mountain, after having been thrown about in several directions, crushed and buried a whole family, with great part of a plantation (FROM THE GERMAN OF T. L. EWALD, BY L. MAN, OF LIVERPOOL.) are not yet many academies in which young men n

at a mile's distance from the foot of the mountain. A large and high mountain about a day's journey distant from Port-Morant, was entirely swallowed up, and the place, where it stood, is now occupied by a lake of four or five. leagues in extent.

One half of the surface of the blue mountain is now destitute of verdure. The rivers, whose currents were interrupted by fallen fragments, carried away enormous portions of woods, which, for some time appeared floating in the sea like moving islands. I have seen several large trees upon the shore, stripped of their bark and branches, and much shattered by the rocks, against which they had been dashed in their fall, by the force of the water, or by their own weight. I saw, among others, a large trunk of a tree, which was as flat as a sugar-cane, when it comes from the mill.

It is computed that the number of persons who have died in the whole island, amounts to two thousand. If the earthquake had happened in the night time, probably not a single life would have been saved.

It is remarkable that the least shock is as perceptible on board a vessel, as upon the shore, the sea being no less agitated than the land.

It is observed that the concussions never take place when the wind blows; but they are always expected in calm weather. The truth of this observation has been confirmed by all the shocks that have been felt since the principal one.

The shocks are in general more violent after rain than at any other time. Those experienced in the country are often not perceptible at Port Royal; some of them merely affect the neighbouring mountains, without extending to any other part.

(Translated expressly for the Kaleidoscope.)

"There are not more useful members in a commonwealth than merchants.-Addison.

such an education as will be of much advantage to the in their advance through life; but such a one, as the Büsch has established in Hamburgh, is the proper plat for a youth who has devoted himself to business. Has Many things are requisite to make a merchant into what the students learn the necessary languages, and their f he ought to be. A sound, free, and just view of persons, culties are directed towards what befits their situation. circumstances, and situations; an exact knowledge of all They are made acquainted with mercantile geography, countries, their produce, their manufactories, and their and with history in general, but more particularly so with industry; an exact knowledge of the seas, the dangers regard to its influence upon commerce. The elder pupus which are peculiar to each of them, their ports, their portare practically instructed in book-keeping and calcula laws, and the security of their ports; a knowledge of the tions; whilst an experienced judge explains to them the various maritime laws, commercial laws, maritime and nature, and the good or bad qualities of all the articles in commercial custoins; a knowledge of the different kinds the weekly price-currents; hereby they acquire a fami of vessels, and their fitness for certain descriptions of arity with the distinguishing marks of what most interss goods, or for certain voyages; an acquaintance with the them, and the habit of judging by the test of examinant situation of political affairs, and with what may, probably, A youth, who has been thus instructed, will be ind be hoped or feared from it with regard to its influence on immediately useful, and his employers will find it th trade; a knowledge of the coin and currency of all coun- interest to provide suitable occupation for him: they vill tries; an acquaintance with the exchange laws in general not let him spend his time in running about, to fetch or in and with the peculiar exchange regulations of every com-carry letters, and to do other errands which may be dide mercial place; but principally, a practical logic on probabilities, upon which every rational speculation must be grounded; this may, indeed, be exerted, but cannot be entirely acquired by every one, because it presupposes a penetration, which nature does not always impart. My son is too stupid for, a merchant; he shall be a doctor," is a saying which has been long ascribed to an ignorant and conceited merchant, but which is far from being irrational, when the question lies between a speculative merchant and a mechanical doctor; the latter may go mechanically through his business, but this is impossible with the former.

66

by every common office-boy, and which have often the tendency of leading to idle habits and bad acquaintances Nevertheless, the preparation at the commercial aday will not supersede the necessity of going through apprenticeship; for the young man must learn prest what he has been taught. There is a great differs be tween writing a letter by way of exercise, and getting ready for the post; or between making a calculation. pleasure, and delivering one which is to serve as bass real transactions, and according to which payments to be asked. The young man has learned many things the seminary, and he knows how things ought to be date The acuteness, which finds out the possible combina- but he has not yet acquired the facility of doing the tions for success, and which calculates the probabilities, himself. He may, perhaps, be able to do them correctly. connected with the tendency of always quickly observing but not with sufficient despatch; or he may do what will be advantageous, and the courage of risking hastily but incorrectly. He wants that firm glance and something on a probable chance, united to the prudence that dexterity which nothing but practical experience c Much sulphurous combustible matter has been found at which refrains from playing at hap-hazard; these are the effectually impart. Port Royal, and in many other parts of the island; it is sup-qualities of a true mercantile spirit, which, combined with posed to have been ejected from the gaps opened in the earth. The island of St. Christopher was formerly very subject to earthquakes. They have entirely ceased since the eruption of a great volcano, which still continues to burn

It has been observed, that, since the earthquake, land breezes have not been so prevalent as they commonly are; and that, in their place, sea breezes often blow during the night time; a circumstance very unusual till now.

activity and regularity, will certainly bring a young man
forward, if fortune be not entirely against him. He who
is more or less possessed of these requisites, may safely
venture on mercantile transactions; but where a remark.

Great mercantile houses, in full activity, afford, course, the best scope for the exercise of every faculty: but they are not to be recommended as proper schools i young beginners, however much that honour may be g nerally courted. The apprentices are there, more th

any where else, employed in the performance of mere me- own time. The offensive jest mentioned is the peculiar | see the mists rising gradually upwards, and leaving the chanical duties; because there are so many of them, and property of your correspondent, and does not belong to bottom of the valleys clear. I distinguished the little river which had narrowed as we mounted towards its source, the various departments must needs be kept separate, to me. The word which he turned his pun upon admits, and the still smaller streamlets that trickled down towards prevent confusion. The master of the house has but sel- beside the vile sense he has given it, of the meaning it, like skeins of silvery tissue hanging on the heathy mandom the time or the inclination to bestow much attention" refuse," "soil," &c. and in this sense I used it. Your tle which covered the mountain. A fresh breeze came upon his apprentices; because he is continually occupied correspondent should, therefore, have given leave to ex- from the eastward, heralding the rising sun, and I markwith what is infinitely more interesting to him: and, punge the latter part of his letter of November 16, instead ed, appearing above the horizon, those prelusive beams which he sends out, as avant-couriers, to clear his path during the progress of an important crisis in trade, he of meddling with the quotation in the affair between my along the ways of heaven. Remembering my disappointwill scarcely ever think of some among them. I know self and Z. As to my conduct in the question of learned ment of the preceding morning, on the top of the Pic du myself a great merchant, who is very assiduous at his quotations, I can safely say it is perfectly honourable. Midi, I was resolved to be in time at the summit of office, and who had sixteen assistants in it when the late I did not use any of the harsh expressions he last week laid Arbizon, to see the first burst of the day-god as he shewed changes in business took place: two of his young men to my charge (except the first playful expression, "blunder-therefore the hint to my guides, and we pushed quickly his resplendent face to my portion of the world. I gave left him at that epocha without notice, and he never per- ing and officious," not "plundering and officious,") until he on. As the light increased, a gradual tone and appearceived their absence during a whole fortnight: it may, descended to a strain of coarseness which was intolerable; ance of security seemed to accompany it on the earth. therefore, be easily supposed, how much he cared for and I feel proud that my language still did not savour of his The howling of the wolves, and the barking of the shepthem, and how likely he was to watch their conduct. The own. I would just notice the quotations in his last letter herds' dogs, which had kept concert during the night, great trade which is carried on in such houses confers no but one :-does he consider those quotations as models, or of their way, came two or three of them floating down now gave place to the hum of insects. The eagles, sure benefit on the apprentices; because the very magnitude is the whole a mere satire on the habit of quoting? If through the air, and seemed to pierce with keen gaze the of the affairs prevents them from forming a correct idea of the first be the case, I can assure him he has still to learn deepest recesses of the vale. The wild flowers opened their what is going on: they see only separate parts of the con- the art of quoting, for he has been so foolish as to thrust bosoms, and freely shared their fragrant scents with the cern, and cannot enter into its spirit. Besides, people of in no less than seventeen in three columns, and those, many breeze, that kissed them as it passed upwards. All nature moderate property get often into habits of extravagance, of them, with only a plain sense, and not in the least figu- clouds assumed a variety of tinges of many brilliant cobegan to robe itself for the coming ceremony. The grey by the abundance which seems to reign in such establish- rative. If he intends them to ridicule the practice, he also lours. The peaks rising here and there above them, shone nents: they forget that it requires a large capital to main- fails, for they are too often repeated to imitate a good in roseate hues; and the snow-heaps that lay on their in them; and that much labour and talent had to unite quoter, and, excepting the first, they ought none of them granite beds, were covered with a deep blush of blended ith favourable circumstances, before the vigour and the to be translated; but either not translated at all, or else crimson and purple. I hurried breathlessly forward, for I feared I should be late. I found that nature was too lidity which they witness were produced they persuade the translation should be given in metre to those that are quick for me. I saw the horizon covered with the yellow emselves too easily, that they, too, might carry on such | poetical, and placed directly under the original. streaks, on whose steps the sun treads so quickly. His usiness, and live accordingly. This leads too often to dazzling beams were fast piercing up the skies, and the lat appearance of greatness, which has of late become fawest of heaven was glowing in all the splendid mixture ionable, and against which the rising generation cannot hastened on still faster. I had taken the lead of my comof bright colours which it catches from reflection. I too carefully warned. panions. I did not look at all before me, until enveloped by thick mists, and losing all sight of the beautiful panorama around me, I found that we were actually in the clouds. A few minutes more led me to the confines of this bright veil of mist. The pointed peaks of the mountain began to appear-then the blue heaven above-and in another step or two, I had passed the outward edge of the mist. I looked round, and felt a thrill of awe shoot through me, as I gazed on the solemnity of the scene. less extent, a wide ocean of thick clouds alone was visible As far as the eye could penetrate the apparently boundbelow me, and the spotless vault of heaven above. Not the slightest sign of earth, or of man, was within view. The heavy mass of congregated vapours, in their millions of involuted folds, brought at once to my mind the notion animal and vegetable existence. I imagined the last of majestically along, crushing and burying all traces of of the universal deluge, when the world of waters swept living victims flying from the coming flood, and hurrying his tottering steps to the summit of the highest hill. I retreated involuntarily upwards-and could have fled in the glorious sun given a new and splendid character to this midst of my abstraction, had not the out-bursting of the most wonderful scene. mass of clouds into the clear blue heaven. He flung no He rushed up rapidly from the beams round him. Nothing existed as a ground-work to He was a ball of single and intolerable splendour. My throw them out into shadow, or mark their palpable touch. gaze was instantaneous, and had nearly blinded me. I covered my eyes for a moment, and when I looked again the whole ocean of clouds was a multitude of wreaths of snow, enwrapped one over the other in folds of dazzling whiteness. The scene was too splendid and too sublime caught, to the southward, the wide extended chain of for my continued gaze. I turned in search of relief, and mountains spreading to the right and left, and lost in the imperfect light of their far distant limits."

[To be continued.]

Literature, Criticism, &c.

TRANSLATIONS, &c.

TO THE EDITOR.

$18,I must request you, for justice' sake, to insert is letter, although it contains nothing which can terest your readers in general. In my last letter, y misprinted a sentence, which, in the manuscript, stood us:-"The gentleman says well, Sir,— Let those who anot write not make the attempt."" In the printed by, the commas were inserted between says and well, ich made the sentence appear very different. Although expression,—“ Let those who cannot write not make y attempt," does not contain the exact words which ti-Barbarus, alias Anti-Sutor, made use of, yet I cond that it contains his meaning exactly, without either lition or diminution. The sentence which I compressed this form is in his letter of November 23, Kaleido 232, and runs thus:-" Few men are obliged to te; and, so long as people find they are not competent he task, they may let it alone." I think, Mr. Editor, this explanation, I have duly vindicated what I call honour, and I wish your correspondent could do the I am sorry your correspondent should suppose as in a passion. If to show just indignation is to be passion, I was such ; but I conceive to be in a passion a very different thing.

The necessity of my last letter duly existed; for was re not, notwithstanding his former paltry concessions, erroneous assertion to cut down? Did not Antior plainly say-" There are no untranslatable pases?" And all that I said with respect to ladies, &c. + called for by his letter of the 23d of November, which only been noticed with regard to the practice of aking health, and the argument of authority. I had tten two letters, it is true, before my last; but one of I referred to his paper of November 16, and was itten before I saw his letter of November 23; the other s only the commencement of a letter of which my last s the conclusion. I thus divided it to make it more table for your miscellany, and to accommodate my

By honour, in this affair, I mean a fair conduct; I mean that the sense of an opponent's argument should not be either perverted or degraded; by honour I mean that there should be no equivocation, no shrinking from the combat, and pretending you meet an antagonist, when you evidently shrink from him; by honour I mean that the matter should be supported on its own ground, and no foreign and irrelevant subjects pressed into the cause, to knock down the opponent, not convince him; by honour I mean the exclusion of all false wit and vicious raillery, such as calling Eve Mrs. Adam, and calling yourself by the name of Anti-Sutor, because a correspondent applied to your antagonist on a former occasion the epithet of Sutor, and so you hope to dazzle the multitude by your able wit in forming such a pun. By honour, I mean that every assertion should be supported; and, to conclude, I convert inferior substances into gold, as does the alchymist, mean by honour, that a writer should rather attempt to than to practise an art of an opposite character, and so convert good into evil, and purity into impurity.

Yours, &c.

Y. Z.

P.S. This is positively the last time on the subject of quotations. I have thought it necessary to write the last four letters in order to support the arguments in favour of learned quotations, that when the winds blew, and the rain descended, and the floods came, the house might not be found to be built upon the sand.

I

I have also been obliged, Mr. Editor, to take up a considerable portion of your room in explaining my conduct: am sorrry there has been such a waste of your valuable room; but it was no fault of mine, and it is my hope in future to do better. In the meanwhile, Mr. Editor, accept the grateful thanks of

Miscellanies.

Y. Z.

Barren and desolate as they looked, there was still something in them which spoke of a nature that was not strange to me. They were palpable realities that recalled me to the world, and brought home to me associations of humanity. I looked on them in all their venerable magnitude of form and extent, enthroned on earth, and covered with the glow of heaven. In all my reverence for their mightiness, I was never so impressed with it as now.

SUN-RISE, AS SEEN FROM THE PYRENEES. (From the Second Series of "Highways and Byways." It was then the month of August; no matter in what a reason to look for a bright morning. The smooth even year, the night had been misty, which I knew was rather path as we went along, and the deep conversation into men you have, the fewer crimes there will be. Examine Marriage.-Voltaire v. Malthus.-The more married which we entered, beguiled our route: so that I was some- the frightful column of your criminal calenders; you will what surprised on casting my looks towards the east, as there find a hundred youths executed for one father of a side, to find that the dawn was beginning to break. I wise. The father of a family is not willing to blush bewe issued from a ravine about half way up the mountain's family. Marriage renders men more virtuous, and more stopped for a moment to take breath, for the ascent had fore his children; he is afraid to make shame their inbeen very rapid. I gazed around me, and was pleased to heritance.-Philosophical Dictionary.

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[NO. XXIX.]

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TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-I beg, through the medium of your widely cir culated Kaleidoscope, to place a query, which I should be happy to see answered.

"Can there in any composition be a succession of discords? I have before me at present the work of a respect. able author, in which the following passage occurs:

b-b

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b-b

"There is a succession of discords here, as B is the fundamental bass note. Could the author have substituted FX for Gb ?"

By inserting these queries, you will very much oblige an Newry, January 3, 1825. AMATEUR.

ARTIFICIAL TEETH, by Mr. BEREND, SUR

GEON-DENTIST, 25, Bold-street, warranted to remain per factly secure and comfortable in the mouth, without tying, twisting wires, or any fastening whatever to the adjoining Teeth, and yet so effectually secured, that the most powerful motions of the jaws, in eating,cannotdisplaceor injurethem, fixed without pain, and adapted with such accuracy to the re maining Teeth, that not the least difference can be felt, nei ther can the minutest observer distinguish them. These Teeth can, with ease, be taken out, cleaned, and replaced with great safety by the wearer. 25, Bold-street.

M

FRENCH LANGUAGE.

ONSIEUR BELLON (from the College Louis le Grand, Paris,) begs to follow the impulse of his feelings by expressing his grateful acknowledgments to the inhabitants of Liverpool for an extensive share of their encouragement and approbation; and respectfully announces, that he continues to give instruction in the French Language, on a system that embraces several essential peculiarities in facilitating the acquaintance of his Pupils with its grammatical construction, as well as practical application.M. Bellon's late visit to the principal towns of France has enabled him to make a selection of Elementary Publications, universally approved of for their adaptation to assist the Pupil in each respective stage of his scholastic pursuits.

Families and Public Establishments, within twelve miles of Liverpool, will be attended.

Mons. Bellon may be consulted at his house, 29, Russelstreet.

LONDON NORTHERN RAIL-ROAD COM

HONORARY PRESIDENT:

The Most Noble the Marquis of LANSDOWN.

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS:

The Most Noble the Marquis of ANGLESEA,
The Right Hon. the Earl of HARDWICKE,
The Right Hon. the Earl of LAUDERDALE,
The Right Hon. the Lord DACRE,
The Right Hon. Lord GRENVILLE,
Sir ROBERT PEEL, Bart.

CHAIRMAN:-GEORGE HIBBERT, Esq.

DEPUTY CHAIRMEN:

PASCOE GRENFELL, Esq. M.P. JOHN SMITH, Esq. M. P. LEWIS LOYD, Esq.

EDWARD WAKEFIELD, Esq.

DIRECTORS:

Francis Baring, Esq.
James Evan Baillie, Esq.
Edward Ellice, Esq. M.P.
Lyndon Evelyn, Esq. M. P.
Sir Robert Farquhar, Bart.
Charles David Gordon, Esq.
John Irving, Esq. M.P.
George W. Norman, Esq.
Simon M'Gillivray, Esq.
Edward Goldsmid, Esq.

Frederick Pigou, Esq.
Thomas Richardson, Esq.
Sir J. T. Stanley, Bart. Alder-
ley Park, near Macclesfield,
Joseph Strutt, Esq. Derby,
Ichabod Wright, Esq. Notghm.
James Warre, Esq.
William Williams, Esq. M.P.

AUDITOR::

Richard Hart Davis, Esq.M.P. Joseph Fry, Esq.

BANKERS:

Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith, Mansion-house Place; and
Sir James Esdaile, Esdaile, Hammett, Grenfell, and Scott,
Lombard-street.

Nathaniel Hibbert, Esq. Standing Counsel.
William Vizard, Esq. Solicitor.

George Stephenson, Esq. Engineer.

At a MEETING of the DIRECTORS held this dayResolved,-That competent Persons be forthwith employed to examine two lines of communication between the Metropolis and Manchester, which are recommended to the Directors as offering the greatest advantages to the Public and the Subscribers, viz.;

From London by the Vale of the Lea, to Ware, Cambridge, Peterborough, Oakham, and near Loughborough (with branches to Nottingham and Derby) and thence join the intended Derby Peak Rail-road at Cromford, and to proceed by Stockport to Manchester.

From London to Northampton (with a branch through Coventry to Birmingham) Leicester, and Derby (with a by the Derby Peak Rail-road to Manchester. branch to Nottingham) and thence (as in the former line)

From Manchester to Hull, with or without connection with other undertakings in that line of communication. And from Derby, through Sheffield to Leeds.

In consequence of the immense number of applications for Shares in London, the Directors beg to apprize the Public, that no Distribution can be gone into until the ensuing week.

Applications for Subscriptions, by letter, post paid, directed to GEORGE HIBRERT, Esq. Chairman of the LONDON NORTHERN RAIL-ROAD COMPANY, London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, from Proprietors of Land, and Persons resident and interest. ed in the line of Country through which it is intended to carry the proposed Kail-road, will be received until the 1st of February, and answered on the 15th of the same month. (Signed) GEORGE HIBBERT, Chairman. January 5, 1825.

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