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Irather question (sum animi dubius) whether your third classical correspondent be not an old acquaintance with a new name: but, whether or not, I am sorry to see that he begins his discourse with a national reflection, which was entirely uncalled for, and which has nothing to do with his subject. He says that most people must have heard it before; but I believe that it would be much more natural to suppose the contrary.

Every good German grammar treats of versification; and prosody is taught in every respectable academy, particularly in the Latin classes, where it is considered as part of the system; and, since Cantab says himself that the Germans of the present time are not liable to the charge, I do not see why he should have brought it forward. If he be actually a fresh ally of my antagonists, and not a mere duplicate of an old one, Mr. Quotator will have cause ɔ rejoice, for his zeal appears to be very great, and he seems coincide, in some measure, with the ideas of the just named gentleman, inasmuch as he values ancient literature chiefly on account of its poetical excellence. In this I believe him to be correct; but I doubt whether such an explanation will tend to increase the number of disciples, in a commercial own like Liverpool. Making Greek and Latin odes may * very agreeable, and, perhaps, very useful, at Univerties, without its being entitled to the same encourageent in a sea-port. Even the best of our modern proactions, in that line, would scarcely ever reach their mo; but supposing that they did, what would be the use? i bono?) Where people can find sufficient occupation d amusement, without artificial contrivances, they ought t to study languages for the sake of harmony and sound. he great point is to direct knowledge to a good purpose, this ought to be observed in the pursuit of study as all as in other worldly matters :-(Ut in vita, sic in studiis, Esprium est prudentiæ, ad usos suos adjungere scientiam.) order to give a practical demonstration of my concurnce in what Mr. V. Z. has remarked with regard to the lethority of great men, I conclude with an extract from 1ton, which I conceive to be very much to the purpose: Though a linguist should pride himself to have all the bargues that Babel cleft the world into, yet, if he have Most studied the solid things in them, as well as the words ad lexicons, he were nothing so much to be esteemed a arned man, as any yeoman or tradesman competently ise in his mother dialect only." If this was true in lton's time, it must be still more so now, considering great improvement in modern literature, and the any solid things which may now be acquired without y knowledge of the dead languages.-I am, most rectfully, yours,

Lee Liverpool, 21st Dec. 1824.

ANTI-SUTOR.

MOORE:—AND SIMILARITY NOT PLAGIARISM.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-In a late number of your Kaleidoscope you were ased to insert a paper which I transmitted to you, serein I endeavoured to defend Mr. Moore, in his vern of Anacreon, against the charge of plagiarism brought rward by some one, assuming (to use your words, Sir) se plausible cognomen of Playfair. Musing further on e subject, I have been led into some general desultory flections, which I have committed to paper just as they curred to me, and which I submit to you for insertion your next Kaleidoscope, or in any future number that u may think fit.

Suppose the general-in-chief of an engaged army, fitably versed in military tactics, well acquainted with e particular manoeuvres of his martial predecessors in articular situations and emergencies, were to call to mind, a doubtful crisis of the battle, that a preceding comtander, in a situation similar to his own, had had recourse such and such movements of his troops with great efet, and availing himself thereof, according to the bearngs and niceties of his own case, were at length to turn he tide of battle in his favour-would you deny to such

man the reputation of great military skill, and even great | exalted talent? And yet we have had Playfair (Playfair, genius? Yet the stratagems are not his own; he only forsooth) vilifying Moore! applies them according to the exigencies of his particular I am, yours &c. situation. Camden-street, Nov. 4, 1824.

Suppose a landscape painter, in prosecution of his profession, were to select for a sky, certain features from the pencil of this artist; for his distances, portions from the productions of that artist; for his middle ground, suitable portions from the works of a third artist; and in his foreground also were to avail himself of the invention of some predecessor or rival in this noble pursuit, giving, however, unto all the parts a hue and touch of his own, and combining the whole, so as to produce a grand picture -would you deny to this man the merit of being a real adept in the graphic art? Yet not one feature of the landscape is his; he has only put them together, so as to suit his purposes, and produce an harmonious whole. Suppose a sculptor, wishing to approach perfection, to realize the beau ideal, were to select from the statuary of others the most beautiful proportions and features of each, and by happy combination thereof, and expert application of chisel, were to produce a statue worthy to "enchant the world"-would you withhold from this individual the meed of genuine supreme excellence? Yet he has borrowed the component parts from others! By the way I may here observe, that it was by the adoption of the above plans, selecting the most beautiful parts from the most beautiful living objects, that the sculptors of the Apollo Belvidere (Agasias)

"Bade the cold marble leap to life-a god!" Suppose an orator, wishing strongly to impress the minds or feeling of his auditors, were, in the course of his harangues, frequently to turn to account in due place, powerful passages from some other son of eloquence, and by nice timing, and proper application of them, were to produce an irresistible effect upon the listening throng (as Curran is said to have done by quotations from Cicero, arrayed in an English garb) would you say that great aptitude and sterling merit did not belong to him in his profession of orator? Yet another has furnished the most puissant of his weapons. He only wields them with a certain dexterity, suited to his own necessities.

The Drama.

MR. VANDENHOFF.

L. L.

His

ance, upon Monday evening, in the character of Hamlet; This highly-popular performer made his first appearand was greeted with continued bursts of applause, which might be said to rend and shake the house. The excellences of Mr. V.'s acting are pretty obvious, but they are so various, and so much resemble, and yet differ from the be tedious at least to define and describe them. The mere characteristics of other eminent performers, that it would "stop-watch critic" must be struck with the severity of his judgment; the more liberal will admire the marked elevation of his mind; and all will be pleased with the melody of his voice,-sometimes dread, at other times sad and soothing-rolling along like a thunder-storm, or murmuring like the hollow breeze. But what most claims our admiration is that large portion possessed by him of elemental fire, which gives heat and life to his most abstruse conceptions, swells them out to their proper proportions, and amalgamates all the scenes and all the passages, into one beautiful, glowing, and harmonious whole. Hamlet merits the highest encomiums. They who say that the character is made up of melancholy and philosophic doubtings mistake it. Melancholy, doubtless, tinges it deeply, and is the source of his wayward, sceptical reasoning; but still he feels strongly and naturally; and though indolence restrains him from action, and sets him upon devious and politic courses, his bitter reproaches of his own inactivity, the anathemas which he launches against his uncle, and his resolution not to take him off but under circumstances which will extend his revenge into futurity, all prove that he had violent passions, and even deemed it a duty to indulge them. The gloom of the character clung composedly to Mr. V. throughout, and mingling with its dignity, produced that interest which such an union, wherever met with, is sure to inspire. His ill-suppressed hatred of his uncle, when in his presence; give way before it; and his enthusiasm of conviction at his involuntary bursts of grief when the meditative spirit the close of the play scene, and breathings of revenge, were in the highest degree natural and deeply affecting. His encounters with the ghost; and his upbraiding of his mother in her chamber; as also his sarcastic exposure of the baseness of Guildenstern and Rozencrantz, were most happily imagined; and had we room to notice minute beauties, we would fix upon the abrupt but tender leave he took of Ophelia, after the interview so torturing to her feelings-beautifully indicating what the author meant, but did not reveal by words, that Hamlet's love was only but not extinguished.-Edinburgh Weekly Chron. Dec.29. suspended during the hurry and tumult of wilder passions,

It would be no difficult matter, Mr. Editor, to pursue this subject to a very considerable length; but it might be tedious, and too much trespassing upon your columns. I will merely, therefore, make my concluding remarks. In the above-cited instances, I presume no one would deny to the several parties, substantial merit: I conceive they would rank as men of first rate ability and original genius. Yet they are not a little indebted to others for the ground work of their fame. And here, Sir, allow me to remark Eclipses in 1825.-There will be four eclipses this year: as regards poetry, that the Eneid is moulded altogether two of the sun and two of the moon. On May 31 and after Homer--that the Bard of Chivalry, in his "Je. June 1, the moon will be eclipsed, visible, beginning at rusalem Delivered," is under immense obligations to the 53 minutes past 11 on the night of the 31st of May, and ending at 23 minutes past 12 on the morning of the 1st Mantuan Bard, and that in the "Paradise Lost" of our June. Digits eclipsed 0° 14'-On the 16th June there great countryman, whole passages are to be found strik-will be an eclipse of the sun, invisible in this part of the ingly smilar to what might be termed their prototypes, in world.-Nov. 25th. The moon will rise eclipsed at 3 mithe works of Eschylus, and the old Italian poets. Yet nutes past 4 in the afternoon, and the eclipse will termiwho ever dared to attack this band of immortals? Who moon's southern limb.-Dec. 9. There will be an eclipse nate at 19 minutes past 5. Digits obscured 2° 51′ on the ever dared to say that Virgil was a servile copyist-that of the sun, invisible. Torquato Tasso had not an unqualified claim to the laurels of originality-or that Milton, our own dear Milton, was a plagiarist?

ciseman calling at the house of a good-humoured landlady, The Exciseman Outwitted.-A few days since an Exresiding within a hundred miles of Ensham, she consulted him about some liquor that had been deposited in her cellar without a permit. At the words-without a permit, the Exciseman rushed below, and soon found himself he made no seizure of the liquid which the late heavy up to the middle in water! It is needless to add, that rains had forced into the cellar without an excise warranty.

If, then, a translator (of any work) who is necessarily bound down, if he intends to be true to the original, and, moreover, succeeding another who, by precedence, has had it in his power to engross, and has engrossed all the most eligible and natural words and terms of the same language, should give to the world a spirited and fairly-Oxford Paper. faithful whole, handled in a style or manner which is his own, though bearing occasional similarity in its phraseology, or even in the import of lines to the version of him who has had the great good luck first to pace the untrodden ground,-lives then he, I would ask, who would be so mean, so captious, so foolish, as to withhold from this translator the palm of sterling merit, and of genuine

A short time ago (says the editor of the Dumfries Courier) a friend of mine happened to be cleaning the house clock, when he accidentally dropped one of the small pins that fasten the hands. Diligent search was made for it at the time, but all to no purpose; and I will few days afterwards, he actually found the identical pin leave you to judge of Mr. Paterson's surprise when, a in the heart of the egg he was eating at his breakfast.

Poetry.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-Having frequently admired the air of an old song, called the "Confession," but having always thought the words very objectionable; and considering the tune well adapted to more serious words, I have ventured to alter them. If you think them worthy a corner of your Kalei doscope, they are at your service. I would have added the notes, but the tune, most probably, will be well known to you. Yours, &c. AN OLD FRIEND.

A HYMN.-AIR, "THE CONFESSION." Bow'd down with deepest misery, Great God! I humbly come to thee; And on my knees with trembling fear Confess my faults, with grief sincere. My inmost thoughts to thee are known, Before in words, or actions shown; To thee my follies open lie, Though hid from every human eye. With penitence I humbly own, My errors now before thy throne; No merit of my own I plead, Thy love is all my soul can need; Mercy is all a sinner's plea,

And God, my Saviour, died for me.

Then kindly hear a suppliant's prayer,
And bless me with a father's care.
No longer may my soul repine
Because thy will opposes mine,
But may I leave my fate to thee,
Whose eye can search futurity;
My cares to thee securely trust,
For thou art merciful and just,
Convinced thy kind paternal eye
Will ev'ry proper want supply.

When stretched upon a bed of pain,
Thy mercy did my life sustain,
And still I feel thy fost'ring care

Protects me from each dang'rous snare;

And yet with shame I now confess,

I could not well have loved thee less;

My heart, my will, I now resign,
And own no other love but thine.

FIDELITY.

[FROM THE LITERARY SOUVENIR.]

One eve of beauty, when the sun
Was on the streams of Guadalquiver,

To gold converting, one by one,

The ripples of the mighty river,

Beside me on the bank was seated,

A Seville girl, with auburn hair,
And eyes that might the world have cheated,-

A wild, bright, wicked, diamond pair!
She stooped, and wrote upon the sand,
Just as the loving sun was going,
With such a soft, small, shining hand,

I could have sworn 'twas silver flowing.
Her words were three, and not one more-
What could Diana's motto be?
The Syren wrote upon the shore-
"Death, not Inconstancy!"

And then her two large languid eyes
So turned on mine, that-devil take me!
I set the air on fire with sighs,

And was the fool she chose to make me!
Saint Francis would have been deceived
With such an eye and such a hand;
But one week more, and I believed
As much the woman as the sand!

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HEAD DRESSES.-1. Bonnet of royal purple terry velvet or velours épingle; the brim broad and flat, with a corded satin edge; the crown high and rounded at the top, and partially covered with a fichu of velvet, bound with satin nearly half an inch in breadth, and ornamented with a small twisted silk cord of the same colour; the trimmings in front are large, and finished in the same manner; the centre one is long and narrow, and placed perpendicularly, concealing the termination of those on each side; bows of pearl-edge satin ribbon are disposed about the crown; long strings of the same inside the brim.

2. Black velvet dress hat, bound with gold lace; from a small bow in front, the brim forms double, and small white marabouts are introduced between; it is closed behind in a similar manner: broad gold band round the crown, and at the top four curved ornaments, bound also with gold lace: marabouts in front and on the right side. 3. Tartarian turban, formed of a richly-shaded stripe

silk kerchief.

4. Cap of pink and white crepe lisse, with double border and broad strings of the same: the crown is high; the back part of white crepe lisse, full, and arranged by five flat pink satin bands placed perpendicularly, and inserted in the pink satin band at the bottom of the caul: the front is formed by bouffants of alternate pink and white crepe

lisse, interspersed with pink satin ornaments of a pap onaceous shape, with a profusion of winter cherries alkekengi, and rosebuds above.

EVENING DRESS -Plain colour velvet dress: the en sage plain across the bust, and drawn to the shape with little fulness at the waist; high in front, and falling rath lower on the shoulders, and finished with gold e broidered lace round the top: the sleeves are short, epaulettes formed of heart-shaped leaves, trimmed blond; attached are long full sleeves of white gauzi, s gulated in front by ribbon velvet, passing from u the arm to the lower part of the sleeve, which is ca fined by three velvet bands round the arm, each le ened by a bow and gold clasp: blond ruffle at the At the bottom of the skirt is a broad band of satin of the same colour, with small silk cord laid across, forming squares: gold embroidered ceinture, fastened in front wath antique gem. African turban of lilac barrege, richly e broidered in gold, with a band of gold and the heal, and supporting the folds over the right . The hair parted from the forehead, and three or four larger's on each side. Necklace of medallions in enamel, wed by triple chains of gold ear-rings to correspond. Lagh Thibet square shawl with embroidered corners. St white kid gloves: white satin shoes.

Scientific Records. [Comprehending Notices of new Discoveries or Imp ments in Science or Art; including, occasionally, gular Medical Cases; Astronomical, Mechanical, Pa losophical, Botanical, Meteorological, and Mineral Phenomena, or singular Facts in Natural Hisary Vegetation, &c.; Antiquities, &c.; List of Patens to be continued in a series through the Volume.]

MECHANICAL PARADOX.

Last week we laid before our readers an elaboraty on the subject of the alleged phenomenon of acces motion in locomotive machines, together with one reasons for disputing the singular theory laid down in Scotsman. In a recent number of the Mercury an able letter appeared, combatting also the reasoning of ot Scotsman. The following letter is intended as an absit to the correspondent of the Mercury. All we have hew room to say, relative to this correspondence, is, that we still retain the opinion we have advanced.-Edit. Kol

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-Your correspondent A. B. T. does not appear to be sufficiently acquainted with the nature of accelerating for. The case which he illustrates, of a body moving along a bes zontal plane, by means of a weight passing over a pulej, a very clear, and why? because there is a constant force upon the weight, which again acts upon the body and both are accelerated. The force of the steam-12 acting on the crank, or the wheel of the steam-carrie exactly of the same nature, for it is also a constant fero, Suppose a steam-engine to make sixty strokes in a minute. will make one in a second of time. Let it make one strike, and a certain impulse will be given to the carriage, which al impediments were removed, would move uniformly ward; in the succeeding second, if the engine makes another stroke, another impulse will be added; and by the stroke, another. Is not the force, then, of the engine

stant accelerating force, and similar to the force

near the earth's surface?-The case of the water

water-mill, is also precisely the same; a certain q force, which acting for a given time, will give to the we water impinging on the wheel will communicate a cert the wheel will turn round with a uniform motion, grating a certain quantity of motion. Now, if the water cease to

the water to act, in another portion of time it will give t as before, that all impediments are removed; but suppos wheel an additional impulse; in the next another, and sh mer? With respect to a body moving along a horizo Is not this, then, a constant accelerating force, like the fo plane, the case is just the same, when the force is consta Thus, lay a marble on a horizontal plane, and give it a gett push, it will move; but if, an instant afterwards, while its rate of motion not be increased, the impediments her still moving, you give it another push equal to the first, Wi

removed as in the former cases?

And is not this case exact!

similar to that of a steam-carriage; or to the weight act over the pulley to drag the body on a horizontal plane: or same as that of water impelling a water-wheel? It appears. then, that a steam-engine is not a power of a totally differe nature from that of gravity, but that its force is of the sent kind, and will produce the same effect; and, consequentis,

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that all pediments removed, it will force a body along a horizontal plane with an accelerated motion.

The above mode of considering a constant force, as producing an accelerating motion, by impulses, is not purely scientific; but it has been adopted in the present instance, in order to give a tolerable idea to gentlemen not conversant with these subjects. However, it is extremely obvious that all the cases abovementioned are precisely the same; that is, the body dragged horizontally by a weight passing over a palley, and, descending by its relative gravity, produces an accelerated motion. In the same manner, the steam-engine, by its constant action, produces a result which is just the

on which they are used must be twice the weight of those
on which animal power alone is used, and all the bridges
and other works must be proportionably strong, insomuch
that so great a capital may be expended in the construction of
the works, as will render the concern unproductive of interest;
moreover, on account of the extraordinary friction of the
wheels upon the rails, the latter are continually liable to be
displaced, so that the labour of one man is found insufficient
to keep the rails upon one mile of road in proper place. In
the second place, the locomotive steam-engines of Stevenson's,
which are considered to be upon the best principle, will not
ascend a greater aclivity than of an inch in a yard, with a

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factly secure and comfortable in the mouth, without tying,
Teeth, and yet so effectually secured, that the most powerful
twisting wires, or any fastening whatever to the adjoining
motions of the jaws, in eating,cannotdisplaceor injurethem,
fixed without pain, and adapted with such accuracy to the re-
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Teeth can, with ease, be taken out, cleaned, and replaced
with great safety by the wearer.
25, Bold-street.

These

same as if a cord passed over the wheel of the steam-carriage, load; and I presume our road will not be constructed through LONDON NORTHERN RAIL-ROAD COM

and was drawn forward by a weight passing over a pulley, the weight descending as in the first case. The water-wheel is also acted upon as if a weight were hung from a cord fastened to the centre of gravity of each particular bucket, and turned the wheel round by descending; and the marble is in the same state as if it were pushed forward by a stick, with a spiral spring fastened at the end, and always pressed with the same force.

The Scotsman has carried the idea of an increased velocity, in practice, somewhat too far; because the velocity will be limited by the means of supplying steam to keep up a constant force, which he presumes in his data.

This subject is so well understood by practical mechanics, and is so constantly illustrated in the works both of nature aid art, that its truth, as a principle, has scarcely ever before been questioned. I would, therefore, beg leave to observe, hat what the Scotsman has said is founded on true principles, nd that the truth of his remarks will be further explained n a work which will appear in a few days;—a work founded in scientific principles, subjected to the test of experiments, and grounded upon mathematical demonstration.-Yours, &c. Liverpool. A. B. C.

[SEE A NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS ON RAIL-ROADS.] R. GREAVES'S REPORT ON RAILWAYS, AND LOCOMOTIVE STEAM-ENGINES,

ddressed to the Committee of the Stratford and Morton Company, in the Summer of 1822.

In pursuance of the order of the committee, I have viewed ose rail-roads in Yorkshire, Durham, and Northumberland, hich are considered to be upon the best construction, and 1 ve seen all the locomotive engines which are now at work, all the various modes of conveying waggons on rail-roads; have been introduced to some of the most eminent engineers nd proprietors of rail-roads, who have in the most candid -ħd liberal manner given me their advice. From these sources finformation, aided by the portion of mechanical knowledge hich I possess, I am enabled confidently to recommend that @railroad from Stratford-on-Avon to Moreton in the Marsh id Shepston, be constructed on a plan calculated for the use horses generally, and that the line be formed as nearly rizontally as possible, for it is found by extensive experience ita horse of about £15 value, on a well constructed rail-road, Il do the following work daily, viz.-on a level road he will we 15 tons 12 miles, and return the same distance with the pty carriges; on a road rising one-sixteenth of an inch in a id, he will move 11 tons 5 cwt. the same distance and return h the empty carriages; on a road rising five-sixteenths of inch in a yard, he will move 7 tons 10 cwt. the same disče, and return with the empty carriages; on a road rising Taninch in a yard, he will move only 3 tons 15 cwt. the

The principle of extending such communication by the means of Rail-roads, has aiready, in a multitude of instances, undergone the test of experiment; and its superior utility, under many circumstances of inevitable occurrence, is sufficiently established. Both the principle and practice, however, by the progress of science, have been receiving, and still admit of improvement.

PANY. The advantages of a speedy, cheap, and cerout the whole extent of the line without, in some cases, in- tain communication between the great towns in the manucreasing the angle of ascent beyond that limit. Thirdly, as facturing districts of England and the metropolis have at all times attracted public attention. The beneficial influence it depends on the resistance offered by the iron rails to the of such a communication, improved to its utmost degree of surface of the wheels, for the application of power to the pur-perfection, upon those main sources of Great Britain's wealth pose of locomotion it is necessary to create as much friction and power, her manufactures, and her commerce both foas possible at the contact of the wheels with the plates, consereign and domestic, is too obvious to need any comment or illustration, Various modes of conveyance for goods or quently the friction thus occasioned, together with the movepassengers, possessing respectively their peculiar advantages, ment of the engine itself, and the attendant carriage with have accordingly from time to time been devised, and have coals and water for its supply, cause an extravagant waste of contended for a preference with much benefit to the compower, so that it may be justly questioned, when we bring munity. into the account all the expenses, whether a saving will be gained compared with horse labour. Fourthly, the locomotive engines will not move with a load when there is snow upon the rail, or in very wet weather. Fifthly, the appearance of the engines when in motion is so strange that it would frighten all the animals in the fields through which it may pass, and will be an insufferable nuisance on a turnpike-road, in confirmation of which, I have to state they are not allowed to cross the Edinburgh-road, near which they are used. And lastly, they are constantly liable to explode, as are all high pressure engines, and there is no mode yet invented of constructing locomotive engines upon the low pressure principle. This objection alone, I submit to the committee, should make us hesitate before we use engines by which so many lives haveing the opportunity for useful extension by branches from been lost; and I trust this objection, combined with the others which I have stated, and for the justness of which I am prepared to advance proof if required, will induce the committee to abandon, for the present, locomotive steam-en

gines; and construct a rail-road upon the plan I have proposed

with as much economy as possible consistently with substan

tiality; and if in the progress of science, the locomotive
steam-engine should be rendered cheap, certain, and safe
modes of conveyance, the line proposed will be the most con-
venient for their adoption.

(Signed)

J. GREAVES.

P. S.-It may be proper to mention in this report, that a patent was obtained on the 14th December last, for a method of facilitating the conveyance of carriages along the rail-road, by Mr. Ben. Thompson, of Ayton Colliery. It consists of a number of engines fixed upon a rail-road at convenient distances, and the loads are conveyed by the engines from one station to another by a rope. The rail-road whereon I have seen this principle applied is at Ayton, in the county of Durham; the road is 7 miles long, the engines are some of them one mile, others more than 13 mile apart, and their actions in the words of the patentee, are "reciprocal and interchangeable." This is an ingenious mode of moving waggons, and may be at any future time applied to the rail-way herein recommended. There is a patent lately enrolled by Mr. Palmer, for a very ingenious rail-road and carriage, a working model of which I have seen, and it has great merit.

ROYAL LEWISIAN SYSTOM OF WRITING. R. LEWIS (from the Royal Academy, London) the real Inventor of the New Mathematical System of y desirable it is to have the road level; and where an ascent Writing, under the immediate and especial patronage of his navoidable, I recommend that an inclined plane be con- Majesty and other branches of the Royal Family, and nearly eted, on the summit of which, a fixed steam-engine be every person of distinction in the United Kingdom, presents ted to draw up the loads, which will be assisted by the his grateful acknowledgments to the worthy inhabitants of which may at the time be passing in a contrary direction, Liverpool and its vicinity, and begs to inform them, that in is to say, the descending loads will assist the engine in perienced, during his short residence among them, and the consequence of the very great encouragement he has exwing up the ascending loads, so that an engine of small urgent solicitations of many respectable persons who wish wer will be sufficient for the trade on this rail-road; not to avail themselves of his instruction, he will do himself the thstanding which, I recommend that one of ample power honour of prolonging his stay in Liverpool beyond the period he had fixed for his departure to town. Mr. Lewis will, thereConstructed; for I conceive whatever power we may have fore, continue to receive those who apply BEFORE MONDAY, THE pare may be readily let to drive a corn-mill or other mills, 17th JANUARY, BEYOND WHICH TIME HE MUST POSITIVELY DEhe situation will be excellent. Although the patent mal- CLINE ADMITTING ANY NEW PUPIL. His system is equally le iron rails of Burlanshaw and Co. are cheapest in the applicable to persons of all ages and capacities; and, however incorrectly the Pupil may write, it will infallibly erat instance, it is the opinion of some experienced engi-dicate all bad habits, and communicate (in SIX SHORT and rs and proprietors of rail-roads, that cast-iron rails are up- EASY LESSONS) a quick and beautiful style of Writing; the whole to be preferred, as certainly they are not so lia- so free, elegant, and expeditious, as no other method of to oxidate, and are on that account more durable. If the teaching ever yet discovered can possibly impart, and from amittee determine upon having cast iron rails, I recommend which it is impossible for him ever after to deviate. t they be 4 feet long, 3 inches deep at each end, 49 inches Pin the middle, 3 inches wide on the face, to weigh 361b. I the chain 3b. This rail and chain are calculated for ggons carrying 2 tons, which is found to be the most con-mode of following a speaker by contractions, hitherto kept lient weight on rail roads, where a general trade is carried . If it be asked why I object to locomotive steam-engines this line of rail-roads; my answer is, in the first place, on count of the extraordinary weight of the engines; the rail

je distance, and return as above. Hence it appears, how MR

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Numerous Specimens may be seen by applying to Mr
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N.B. Pupils are detained only one hour each Lesson, and
may attend any time that suits their own convenience.

SEPARATE APARTMENTS FOR LADIES.

In proposing, therefore, to open and facilitate upon this principle, a more commodious intercourse betwixt the Metropolis and important towns, and districts to the Northwards, to the distance of Manchester and Hull, The London Northern Rail-road Company" do not proceed upon speculative and uncertain grounds. To facilitate and increase that intercourse, and also that with the intermediate important towns of Birmingham, Macclesfield, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, and Northampton, and that of the great manufacturing district between Manchester and Hull, thus affordthe main line, will be admitted to be an object well deserv ing public support, and consistent with the policy entertained by the most enlightened members of our Government and Legislature, in affording the greatest possible encouragement to commercial enterprise, and to the free circulation of ca

pital.

The promoters of the London Northern Rail-road, although not the earliest in that career of public improvement, have directed their view to the increased prosperity of the Metropolis, and of places with which its intercourse is of primary importance.

The London Board of Direction is appointed, and consists of the following Gentlemen:

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Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith, Mansion-house Place:
and Sir James Esdaile, Esdaile, Hammet, Grenfell, and Scott,
Lombard-ssreet.
Nathaniel Hibbert, Esq. Standing Counsel.
William Vizard, Esq. Solicitor.

George Stephenson, Esq. Engineer.

The Capital of the Company will be two millious four hundred thousand pounds, divided into twenty-five thousand Shares, of one hundred pounds each.

An Installment of one pound per Share is required to be paid forthwith into the hands of the Bankers to ene Company, to the account of the Directors; and no further installment will be called for until a detailed Plan, with Surveys, and a Draft of a Bill to be submitted to Parliament, be laid before the Subscribers.

The remaining sum of £99 per Share will be called for from time to time, at the discretion of the Board of Direction: but no call will be made upon less than twenty-one days' notice.

It is proposed to commence the necessary Surveys without delay, and that every exertion shall be inade to be ready for an application to Parliament early in the Session which will succeed that now approaching.

Of the Shares, a liberal proportion will be reserved for those in the line of the proposed Rail roads, who may be inclined to become Subscribers, and the Board will readily attend to any communication from the country which may be directed to the most advantageous execution of the plan." It has already been declared, that offers for Shares, addressed, post paid, to the Chairman, at the Old London Tavern, in Bishopsgate-street, will be received until the 1st January. A further time will be allowed for receiving Subscriptions from the country, and the Board of Direction will. as early as possible, take all the offers into consideration. GEORGE HIBBERT, Chairman.

(Signed)

The Naturalist's Diary.

JANUARY, 1825.

[From Time's Telescope.]

Throughout the watches of the night,
The feathery snow, in silent flight,
Has left the regions of its birth,
And, falling, sought the realms of earth:
The mantled mountain heaves on high
Its forehead to the morning sky,
On which the distant lord of day
Shoots forth a horizontal ray;-

The fields that lately bloomed and smiled
Are flow'rless, desolate, and wild,
Cold as Despair's unceasing tears,
And silent as departed years.

With bending branches hangs the wood,
A lonely, leafless solitude;

The Spirits of the North have swept
Its pride away, the snows have leapt
On every dark outstretching bough;
And if the passing bird alight,
With fearful, fluttering pinions, lo!

Comes down a frequent shower of white,
Which falls within the roaring stream,
That rushes on, and hears the call
That urges to yon waterfall,
Down, from the inland mountains, down,
With swelling tide, and waves of brown.

D. M. MOIR.

The house-sparrow chirps, and the bat is now seen.
Bats are very useful animals; destroying great numbers
of the large white moths which fly abroad by night.-See
T. T. for 1823, p. 31.

Hopes though ruined, lovely yet; impo
Tears for one though dead to me;
Thoughts I may not e'er forget:
Wishes that can never be.

Ask not if they're good or ill

All are sad, yet pleasing all;-
Nor how many haunt me still-
Count the rain drops as they fall.
New Monthly Magazine.

pre

Though the gardener can find little to do in the garden this month, Nature is ever at work there, and ever with a wise hand, and graceful as wise. "The wintry winds of December (observes the elegant and entertaining chronicler of the Months) having shaken down the last lingering leaves from the trees, the final labour of the gardener was employed in making all trim and clean; in turning up the dark earth to give it air-pruning of the superThe weather in January, 1824, was so mild, that fluous produce of summer-and gathering away the wornout attire that the perennial flowers leave behind them mature blossoms of fruit and other trees were met with in when they sink into the earth to seek their winter home, tables and flowers was prolonged in an unusual degre several places, and the season of different culinary vege as harlequin and columbine in the pantomime sometimes Late crops of peas continued in bearing on some slip down through a trap-door, and cheat their silly pur- sandy soils, till the second week of the month, and can suers by leaving their vacant dresses standing erect behind flowers were cut in the open garden. Myrtles, acacias, them: all being left trim and orderly for the coming on and other hardy green-house plants, remained uninjured of the new year. The various processes of Nature for the in the open air; and green-houses, dry-stoves, and plantrenewal of her favoured race, the flowers, may be more aptly observed than at any other period. Still, therefore, pits, had fires only once or twice to dry up the damp-It however desolate a scene the garden may present to the is also worthy of remark, observes our intelligent corres general gaze, a particular examination of it is full of in- pondent from the banks of the Severn, that the last winter terest, an interest that is not the less valuable for its de- proved a most complete refutation (if such a proef were pending chiefly on the imagination. Now, the bloom-needed) of the idea once entertained, that a plentiful or buds of the fruit-trees, which the late leaves of autumn had scanty proportion of fruit on the white thorn (called haws) concealed from the view, stand confessed, upon the other vision for the wants of those birds that annually mig intimated a severe or mild season, being a bountiful pr wise bare branches; and dressed in their patent wind and to our island from severer regions; as the crimson bens water-proof coats, brave the utmost severity of the season;-- of our May-bushes, though in profusion, remained u their hard unpromising outsides, compared with the forms touched throughout the winter, and perished from the of beauty which they contain, reminding us of their friends the butterflies, when in the chrysalis state. Now the pe ensuing blossom was preparing to expand. The flecks sprays by a natural decay, many even remaining until the rennials, having slipped off their summer robes, and field-fares and red-wings, which commonly consume them, retired to their subterranean sleeping-rooms, just permit in consequence of the mildness of the winter, remained the tops of their naked heads to peep above the ground, to almost entirely in the meadows and low-lands, feeding warn the labourer from disturbing their annual repose.Now the smooth-leaved and tender-stemmed rose of China upon worms and insects, which they always prefer to d hangs its pale, scentless, artificial-looking flowers upon enclosures were only partial and transient. The field-fir mealy fruit of our white thorn, and their visits to t the cheek of winter,-reminding us of the last faint bloom (turdus pilaris) is, generally, a gregarious bird; bawe upon the face of a fading beauty, or the hectic of disease observe every year, that one or two of them separate from on that of a dying one; and a few chrysanthemums still the main flock, and retire to lonely hedge-rows and quit linger, the wreck of the past year, their various-coloured stars looking like faded imitations of the gay glaring pastures, associating with the black-bird and the thrust as if they had attached themselves to some female of that of the new-born year-for all that we have hitherto no- but at length they take their departure with the last flight "Now, too, first evidences of the revivifying principle the summer, lingering with them until late in the spring congenerous race, and were inclined to remain throughout ticed are but lingering remnants of the old,-now the of the season-they do not appear to be wounded or injured golden and blue crocuses peep up their pointed coronals birds, and for this reason to have sought quiet and confrom amidst their guarding palisades of green and grey leaves, that they may be ready to come forth at the call of the first February sun that looks warmly upon them; and perchance one here and there, bolder than the rest, has as he goes, hushes his low whistle, in wonder at the un-her trim form, pretending to have mistaken the true time: started fairly out of the earth already, and half opened The throstle is now seen under sunny hedges and southern walls in pursuit of snails, which he destroys in abundance, particularly in hard winters; he delights also in chrysalids and worms. Other birds now quit their retreats in search of food. The nuthatch is heard, and larks congregate and fly to the warm stubble for shelter.

One of the most beautiful sights on which the eye can open, occasionally presents itself to our notice in this month: we saw the shades of evening fall upon a waste expanse of brown earth, shorn hedge-rows, bare branches, and miry roads, interspersed here and there with a patch of dull melancholy green; but when we are awakened by the late dawning of the morning, and think to look forth upon the same, what a bright pomp greets us! what a white pageantry! It is as if the fleecy clouds, that float about the sun at midsummer, had descended upon the earth and clothed it in their beauty! Every object we look upon is strange and yet familiar to us- another, yet the same." And the whole affects us like a vision of the night, which we are half-conscious is a vision ;—we know that it is there and yet we know not how long it may remain there; since a motion may change it, or a breath melt it away And what a mysterious stillness reigns over all! a white silence! Even the "clouted shoon" of the early peasant is not heard, and the robin, as he hops from twig to twig with undecided wing, and shakes down a feathery shower

accustomed scene.

Ah! bleak and barren are the fields,
Undecked with aught of summer's dye;

The naked plain no shelter yields

To screen them from the stormy sky;

But soon they'll meet the vernal morn,

When crystal dew-drops deck the plain; When fragrance breathes from brake and thorn, Sweet as their wild notes' native strain.

ALEX. BALFOUR.

The shell-less snail or slug makes its appearance, and commences its depredations on garden plants and green

wheat.

The hedge-sparrow and the thrush now begin to sing. The wren also pipes her perennial lay," even among the flakes of snow. The titmouse pulls straw out of the thatch, in search of insects; linnets congregate; and rooks resort to their nest trees. Pullets begin to lay; young lambs are dropped now. Spiders shoot out their webs: and the blackbird whistles. The field-fares, red-wings, skylarks, and titlarks, resort to watered meadows for food, and are, in part, supported by the gnats which are on the snow, near the water. The tops of tender turnips and ivy-berries afford food for the graminivorous birds, as the ring-dove, &c. Earth-worms lie out on the ground, and the shellsnail appears.

* Some pretty lines "To fifteen Gnats seen dancing in the Sunbeams on Jan. 3," will be found in the very interesting Remains of Robert Bloomfield," vol. i. p. 31.

China-aster.

as a forward school-miss will occasionally be seen coquet-
ting with a smart cornet, before she as been regularly
produced as if she didn't know that there was any harm

in it.""

called also golden moss, and stonecrop (chrysoplenium),
In the absence of other flowers, the golden saxifrage,
affords its little aid to give life and beauty to the garden.
The bramble (rubus fruticosus) still retains its leaves,
and gives a thin scattering of green in the otherwise leaf-
less hedges; while the berries of the hawthorn, the wild
rose, and the spindle-tree, afford their brilliant touches of
red. The twigs of the red dog-wood, too, give a richness
amid the general brown of the other shrubs. Ivy now,
casts its leaves.

The helleborus niger, or Christmas rose, shows its pretty
flowers at this season, and, towards the close of the month,
The snow-drop blooms,

Ere winter's wild storms are past,
As she shrinks below

Her mantle of snow,
And, trembling, shuns the blast.

In mild seasons, such as that of 1823-24, the garden is
quite gay with flowers and carnations, roses, chrysanthe-
mums, auriculas, ten-week stocks, daisies, mignionette,
marigolds, sweet peas, polyanthuses, hepaticas, prim-
roses, violets, periwinkle, hearts' ease, and the sweet
smelling wall-flower, may be gathered in abundance.

THE WALL FLOWER.

Where the wall flower lives on high
O'er the sculptured oriel stone,
Steals a perfume on the sky

With the night wind's hollow moan.
Thus 'tis o'er the waste of years

Comes an undistinguished throng,
Ruined hopes, and mingled tears,
And gentle wishes cherished long.

cealment.

We cannot better conclude this month's Diary than by drawing upon the stores of an artist, with the production Bernard Barton, and betrays at once the hand of th of whose palette our readers are well acquainted:-it is "WINTER LANDSCAPE," sketched, after Nature, painter, the poet, and the Christian.

The flowret's bloom is faded,
Its glossy leaf grown sere;
The landscape round is shaded
By Winter's frown austere.

The dew, once sparkling lightly
On grass of freshest green,
In heavier drops unsightly
On matted weeds is seen.
No songs of joy to gladden

From leafy woods emerge;
But winds, in tones that sadden,
Breathe Nature's mournful dirge.
All sights and sounds appealing,

Through merely outward sense,
To joyful thought and feeling
Seem now departed hence.

But not with such is banished

The bliss that life can lend;
Nor with such things hath vanished
Its truest, noblest end.

The toys that charm, and leave us,
Are fancy's fleeting elves;
All that should glad, or grieve us,
Exists within onrselves.

Enjoyment's genuine essence
Is virtue's godlike dower;
Its most triumphant presence
Illumes the darkest hour.

See a prettily printed pocketable little volume, published, entitled "Poetic Vigils," by Bernard Barton.

3

c be

Literature, Criticism, &c.

TRANSLATIONS, &c.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-I promised in my letter of the 8th instant to prove that there are some passages in Latin which cannot be translated correctly into English; and, that when translated into English, they lose their force and dignity. The authority and examples I shall make use of, are Dr. Campbell and his philosophy of Rhetoric.

an essential point in this exercise of ingenuity. The personal pronoun in our language must always be expressed before the verb. Now the neuter it will not apply to the hero, nor the masculine he to the rock: whereas, the first person applies equally to both. The third instance shall be that of an ass eating thistles, as an emblem of a parasite who serves as a butt to the company who entertain him. The motto, " Pungant dum saturent." In English, "Let them sting me, provided they fill my belly." In all these, how nervous is the expression in the original! how spirit less in the translation! I here close the extracts from In his 3d book, 4th chap. sec. 3, he calls our attention Campbell, and appeal to you, Sir, and the readers of your to some examples in the preceding chapter, which are as paper, whether my position is not fully established. It is follows:-" Non ut edam vivo, sed ut vivam edo:” lite- not the authority of Campbell that I lay so much stress on, rally translated into English,-"I do not live that I may though I am convinced that you and your readers will conest, but I eat that I may live." "This," says he, "pre-sider it no contemptible argument in my favour, that I am serves the antithesis, but neither the dignity nor the force supported by the authority of a man who made rhetorie and of the original. The want of inflection is one reason of language his peculiar study, and who is so highly estimated the inferiority, but not the only reason. It weakens the by the world. But, bating this, the argument and the exexpression, that we must employ fifteen words, for what amples he uses are incontrovertible, and they have saved me is expressed, in Latin, with equal perspicuity, in eight. the trouble of doing any thing but pointing them out. What Perhaps it would be better rendered, though not so ex-I particularly insist on in these examples, is the epigram Difcitly, 'I do not live to eat, but I eat to live.""

Another example is the noted epigram by Ausonius, iven in Campbell's Rhetoric:

"Infelix Dido, nulli bene nupta marito;

English, the person and thing declare of themselves
that they possess the property, which is quite foreign to
the expression of the original. The English motto, then,
is no more than an imitation of the Latin one, and the
latter cannot be translated into English. Where, then, is
the truth of your correspondent's affirmation, "there are
no untranslatable passages." But lest an objection should
be raised against this, that it is an unconnected motto and
not a fair passage, I will endeavour to make it a pas-
sage, thus: "In prælio heros telis hostium circumventis,
rupi in mediis frementibus undis est similis; de singulis
possumus dicere conantia frangere frangit;" that is, "A
hero in battle, surrounded by the weapons of his enemies,
is like unto a rock surrounded by the waves of the tem-
pestuous ocean." Of each we may say, “Conantia fran-
gere frangit."

but we do not hear that such is the case in schools for girls-at least very seldom : therefore the number of ladies who understand Latin will be very small in proportion to the number of men who understand it. How very small, then, is the number of females who understand that language, in proportion to the number of their own sex: and, for this reason, am I not clearly justified before the ladies in saying that they, of course, would have to apply to their male friends for translations of Latin quotations. But really it was foolish to attempt to prove it, as a general rule, that ladies do not understand Latin: the fact cannot be disputed by any man in his senses who has any knowledge of the world.

Your correspondent piles up a heap of assertions at the commencement of his letter, but I have looked in vain for props and supports. There is neither authority, ar. gument, nor any thing else which can give stability to them ;-I suppose he wishes us to take his honour for the truth of them. I would remind him, that by education I mean the instruction the draper in question has received at school. The draper's religious and moral duties are implied in his reading his bible: my draper is not, therefore, deficient in his duty to God and his neighbour.Pray what else is there then necessary to his education which I have not given him? I believe they do not teach the quality of calicoes, or the properties of Welsh flannels, at our schools.

And now, Sir, before I finish, I will just notice the evasive manner in which your correspondent has handled some other points. He allows that few men can write with the energy of Dr. Johnson, but says that few men are obliged to write; and so long as people find they are incompetent to the task, they may let it alone. The gentleman says, "Well, Sir, let those who cannot write not make the attempt." But what has this to do with the argument- I made use of? Nothing at all. Dare your on Dido, and the three last mottos, especially the middle correspondent say, that, unless a man can write as one, "Conantia frangere frangit." Indeed, with this well as Dr. Johnson, he ought not to write at all? Unfor a weapon, I dare almost attack your correspondent's less he dare say so (and prove it too) my position is unround assertion, "there are no untranslatable passages." affected. But he dare not: he seems to long to utter Hoe pereunte, fugis; hoc fugiente, peris." Campbell has shown, as above, that this can only be ren- such a thing, but he knows that some of our most adCampbell has given no translation of this epigram: he dered, "I break the things which attempt to break me."mired, and some of our choicest writers, yield to the Docems to feel it impossible to express, in two metrical lines, But this can scarcely be called a translation, for in the tor in this respect. s dignity and beauty. I once had the vanity, Mr. Edi- original the verb is in the third person, and the passage to attempt a translation, in which I strove to retain is a description from the mouth of another, of a pere antithesis, and to express the point which is so beau-son and thing that possess the property mentioned in the original. I made something of it, it is true, in the motto; whereas in the motto, as rendered into Editor; but I candidly confess it was very little better an a complete failure; however, here you have it: **Unhappy Dido! curst were all her nuptial ties; One husband dead, she flees; the other fled, she dies." dapat this abounds in violations of the original expression; id, if your correspondent Anti-Sutor will furnish or prore a translation, which shall preserve the apostrophe to Vido, the exquisite antithesis, the violent death expressed each case by the verb perèo, the beautiful melody of the articiples fugiente and pereunte, as they stand in contion with one another, and embrace the whole in two I am really trespassing on your patience and your metrical English lines, with or without rhyme,-if he will limits, Mr. Editor; but the unhandsome manner in which this, then he will have gone far to refute my position. your correspondent has treated me of late demands a reply. Again Campbell says, "It is remarkable, that in any He deforms some of my expressions, and misstates others; cription which is intended to convey something striking and then declares I said I had nothing fresh to advance, emphatical, we can scarcely endure a modern language. and was tired when my adversary would not yield. I defy itin is almost invariably employed for this purpose in With regard to what Anti-Sutor says respecting the him or any one else to make it appear, from the short senthe nations of Europe. Nor is this the effect of caprice learning of the fair sex, I must say that I perfectly agree tence at the commencement of a former letter, that such pelantry, as some perhaps will be apt to imagine. Nei- with him in many respects; but he does me injustice when was my meaning. But this wilful perversion is of a piece does it proceed merely, as others will suppose, from he says, I supposed then unable to observe a proper me- with the greater part of his last letter, and the latter part opinion that that language is more universally un-dium between forwardness and unreasonable reserve. It is of his preceding letter. He has recourse to a dispute bestood; for I suspect that this is a prerogative which not the possession of learning which is objected to in ladies tween me and a correspondent named Z., as if he thought I be warmly contested by the French; but it proceeds it is the display of it. I should not think a female who he could glean any support from it. In this respect also n the general conviction there is of its superiority in had acquired the dead languages had done wrong (pro- he is wrong. Z. entered the pages of the Kaleidoscope at of vivacity. That we may be satisfied of this, let us vided she had time to spare ;) but I should rather admire with so much self-consequence and conceit in his first ke the trial, by translating any of the best Latin inscrip- her for her attainments. Nor would I rob society of its essay, and was guilty of so many blunders and ineleganms or mottos which we remember, and we shall quickly greatest pleasures by debarring females from conversa-cies in a later essay, that he richly deserved the reproof I recive, that what charms us expressed in their idiom, is tion: (I am sure no letter of mine ever contained took the liberty of giving. I did not retire vanquished arcely supportable when rendered into our own." The such a "Gothic and barbarous" idea;) but, if your cor- frc.n the field in my affair with Z., as your correspondent amples given are from the 6th of Bouhours' Entre- respondent cannot endure Latin in masculine conver-states; I obtained an acknowledgment of most of his as d'Ariste et d'Eugene, called Les Devises. The sation and writings, pray how would he bear it in faults from him, and his last words contained an avowal st shall be that of a starry sky without the moon, the conversation and writings of females? But, Sir, does of friendship and respect. What more could I expect representing an assembly of the fair, in which the he think there would be no pleasure in a lady requesting from him than this, when he had previously libelled me er finds not the object of his passion. The motto is a translation of a Latin quotation? Yea, truly, the gra- as ignorant and miserably deficient? I affirm that I Non mille quod absens." In English we must say, "A tification would be mutual, and on this ground I cannot gained a victory; and to have kept the field with him any ousand cannot equal one that is absent." ́ Another in-help hazarding the opinion, that the ladies would consider longer would have been madness and folly. But, after ance shall be that of a rock in the midst of a tempestuous him officious and blundering, and both parties think him all, what has Anti-Barbarus, Jun. alias Anti-Sutor to do to denote a hero, who, with facility, baffles all the with this affair? What business is it of his? I would Saults of his enemies. The motto, "Conantia frangere demand. Is it not his own maxim, that "if a cause canangit." In English, "I break the things which attempt not be supported on its own ground, it does not deserve our break me." In this example we are obliged to change support? The conduct of Auti-Sutor is most unmanly e person of the verb, that the words may be equally and ungentlemanly. He makes a show of running full Pplicable both in the literal sense and in the figurative, tilt on the argument of his opponent; but, instead of at

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"Gothic and barbarous." But, Sir, after all, my phrase,
"of course," stands on firm ground. Your correspon-
dent much doubts whether the number of your male
readers who understand Latin is equal to the number of
those who do not. Now, the Latin language is professedly
a branch of education in all respectable schools for boys;

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