MESSRS. D. C. HEATH & Co., of Boston, have in press a translation by Mr. Jacobson, of London, of the last edition of Professor Charles Gide's Principes d'Economie Politique. The work of translation has been carried on under the supervision of James Bonar, Esq., who has read the proofs of the work and provided it with a preface and explanatory notes. The appearance of the work is awaited with interest, as Professor Gide is the recognized leader of the new school of French economists.

PROFESSOR GUSTAV COHN, of Göttingen, has an interesting article in the first number of the Deutsche Rundschau for 1891 on the "Beamten-Consumvereine in England." He shows how the Civil Service Supply Association and similar undertakings were organized, and how they have developed, discussing briefly their economic function in our modern industrial system.

THE first number of a new periodical, The Economic Review, to be published quarterly by the Oxford University Branch of the Christian Social Union, is announced for this month. While its aim will be chiefly to discuss the moral and social bearings of economic problems, other aspects of them are not to be neglected. The editorial board consists of the Revs. W. J. H. Campion, of Keble; J. Carter, of Exeter; and L. R. Phelps, of Oriel. Among the contents of the first number we note in particular an article on the "Progress of Socialism in the United States," by Rev. M. Kaufmann. A long list of contributors, in which the clerical element is conspicuous, and which includes in this country Professors Ashley and Ely, is appended to the

announcement.

PROFESSOR GUSTAV VOGT, of Zürich, read a paper before the Juristenverein of Switzerland at their annual meeting in 1890, on the "Organization of Federal Justice in the United States." He points out in the address, in a

clear manner, some of the fundamental differences between the Swiss and American federal systems, in regard to the jurisdiction and procedure of the courts.

WE are indebted to Miss Henrietta Leonard for the translation of Professor Böhm-Bawerk's article in the present number. Miss Leonard is doing a very valuable service to students of economics in this country by her translations from the French and German. These translations combine the merits of a good English style and remarkable fidelity to the original. In addition to the translations from the German of Professor Böhm-Bawerk which have appeared in the ANNALS, Miss Leonard has translated for the Johns-Hopkins Series the interesting papers of Professor Fredericq, of Ghent, on the study of history in European countries.

THE efforts of the ANNALS to summarize the work done for Political and Social Science in the German Universities has received gratifying recognition. In the Università, a monthly review of higher education appearing at Bologna, Professor Ferraris, of Padua, contributes an article on the study of political science in foreign countries. After noticing the activity in this field in the United States in a highly complimentary way, he turns to Germany as the fountain-head of recent science, and shows the work done there by reprinting the table which appeared in Mr. Rowe's article in the July ANNALS.

DR. FERDINAND TONNIES, the editor of the famous works of Hobbes, The Behemoth and The Elements of Law, has made the Academy the authorized agent for the sale of these books in America, permitting them to be sold to members of the Academy at cost price. This is a rare opportunity to obtain two books which should be in the library of every person interested in political science.

THE International Journal of Ethics is a new quarterly review, published simultaneously in Philadelphia and London, that promises to occupy an important field; and judging by the quality of the first number it will maintain a high standard of philosophical and literary scholarship. It is a little curious that, in the rapid multiplication of special reviews devoted to this and that department of philosophical inquiry, the leading students of ethical theory-whose scientific and literary activity has been by no means slight—have been until now without their own recognized organ. The Journal of Ethics has grown out of the Ethical Record, which it succeeds. It is under the direction of an editorial committee consisting of Dr. Felix Adler, of New York; Dr. Stanton Coit, of London; Professor G. von Gizycki, of Berlin; Professor Fr. Jodl, of Prague; Mr. J. S. Mackenzie, of Manchester; Mr. J. H. Muirhead, of London; Professor Josiah Royce, of Harvard University, and Mr. S. Burns Weston, of Philadelphia, managing editor. Among the contributors whose support is promised are such representative ethical thinkers as Professors Henry Sidgwick of Cambridge, Paulsen and Pfleiderer of Berlin, Adamson of Manchester, Caird of Glasgow, Höffding of Copenhagen, Wallace of Oxford, James of Harvard, Schurman of Cornell, Ladd of Yale, and Jastrow of Pennsylvania, and a long list of students of politics and economics. The ethical phases of social and economic questions are to receive much attention, and the first number contains two articles that will be of special interest to members of the Academy. These are on "The Morality of Strife," by Professor Sidgwick, and “The Ethics of Land Tenure," by Professor J. B. Clark. Professor Sidgwick sees little hope of preventing international and class conflicts by arbitration until people learn that it is not enough to desire justice sincerely. They must fit themselves by laborious and sustained efforts to understand justice, to know what is justice in any concrete case, to see the measure of truth in an opponent's view-in a

word, to be open-minded and fair-minded. Professor Clark contends, against the view of Henry George, that the state may rightly take the concrete thing land-compensating owners for the value-or limit or regulate its ownership, but that it cannot, ethically, take the value invested in land by laying a special tax on rent.

MISCELLANY.

THE GERMAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION.

THIS Association (Verein für Socialpolitik) held its regular biennial meeting at Frankfort-on-the-Main, September 26 and 27, 1890. All agreed with the statement in the opening address of the President, Professor Schmoller,1 that the Association is now entering upon the third distinct period of its existence. For with the coming to the throne of a new monarch, who is avowedly introducing a new social and economic system, with the withdrawal of Bismarck from the service of the State, and with the lapse of the special Act against the Social Democracy, the practical social and economic problems in Germany have undergone a complete change. The Association was founded at Eisenach, in 1872, on the occasion of Professor Adolph Wagner's open letter to Dr. Oppenheim, as a direct protest against Manchesterism, so prevalent in Germany at that time. This deductive free-trade economic tendency manifested itself especially among the Government officials, and had organized itself under the name of the Volkswirthschaftlicher Congress. The younger economists of the historical school, who organized the new association, were the same who, because of their advocacy of greater activity on the part of the State, came to be known as "Socialists of the Chair." The Association was founded on the very reasonable idea that the scholar and student of economic affairs should furnish material for,

1 The Secretary of the Association is Carl Geibel, publisher, Leipzig, the Treasurer, Stadtrath L. Ludwig-Wolff, Leipzig.