already done, though it is really a consequence of the action of the verb. Compare Virgil, Æn. iii. 237, "Scuta latentia condunt;" i. e. " condunt scuta (σte eivai) latentia." Cf. Hood Drcam of Eugene Aram.

"Anon I cleansed my bloody hands,

And wash'd my forehead cool."

EXERCISE LXIV. (same continued).

The forests, with their myriad tongues,
Shouted of Liberty;

And the blast of the desert cried aloud,
With a voice so wild and free,

That he started in his sleep, and smiled
At their tempestuous glee.

5

1, 2. "Thou shalt be free," shout the woods with many a (non unus) murmur; a thousand murmurs re-echo (gemino) together, "thou shalt be free!" See Aids 11. 1.—3, 4. The deserts (avia, n. pl.) on every side resound with accordant (non alius, Aids II. 1), shrieks; and the wild (bacchor, part.) blasts (Notus, see Exercise LVI. note) rave through the lonely places.-5, 6. He shuddered in his slumbers; and, whilst the rollicking (comissor, part.) storms sport, a smile is-settled (sedeo) on his face (Aids v.).

Observe the turning of "Liberty:" and the expansion of the English. Also, how the sense is in every case made to end with the Pentameter. See Caution c.

EXERCISE LXV. (same continued).

He did not feel the driver's whip,

Nor the burning heat of day;

For death had illumined the land of sleep,

And his lifeless body lay

A worn-out fetter, that the soul

Had broken and thrown away!

5

1, 2. In vain does the driver (custos) threaten the lashes of his whip (scutica); the scorching day hurts him not (nil) with

all its fire.-3, 4. Libitina had at length shone-upon (illucesco) the shores of Lethe (adj.). He himself lies a lifeless (inanis) body on the dry ground.—5, 6. For his soul (anima), having burst the link (compago, abl. abs.) of its worn-out (effetus) chain, had taken its flight to heaven (carpo ætheream viam) when set at liberty. Aids 1. b.

EXERCISE LXVI. (Tannahill).

The midges dance aboon the burn,
The dews begin to fa',

The pairtricks down the rushy holm
Set up their e'ening ca'.

Now loud and clear the blackbird's sang
Rings through the briery shaw,

While flitting gay the swallows play
Around the castle wa'.

5

1, 2. Now the gnats dance (circumsilio) on the brink of the brook; the surface of the ground grows-wet with the freshfallen dew (recens lapsus). Observe that 66 recens " is used adverbially, as in Virgil, G. iii. 156.-3, 4. Now the fallows resound with the evening partridge (Aids Iv. a), Whilst it calls its mate among the rushy fields.-5, 6. Here the blackbird has redoubled its song with clear-sounding throat, [a song] with which the grove and the thick brambles 1 have rung-again (consono).-7, 8. Here the swallow plays, tenant (cultrix) of the embattled (turritus) wall; and gaily (liber, adj.) pursues her course (urgeo iter) with ceaseless circuits.

EXERCISE LXVII. (same continued).
Beneath the golden gloamin' sky,
The mavis mends her lay;

The redbreast pours his sweetest strains
To charm the lingering day:

1 Hendiadys. See App. p. 140.

While weary yeldrins seem to wail
Their little nestlings torn,
The merry wren, frae den to den,

Gaes jinking through the thorn.

5

1, 2. Meanwhile, at eventide (sub vespere) the thrush mends (reparo) its lays, When the departing (moriturus) light is shining in the gilded sky (polus).—3, 4. And the red-breast (line 4) beguiles the lingering day with all its sweetness.-5, 6. Next (inde), where the wailing yeldrin mourns with weary (languidulus) mouth her callow (tener) offspring and torn nest (penates). Transpose these lines.-7, 8. The goldfinch, rejoicing to play through the midst of the thickets, Roving (devius) goes up and down (itque reditque. Aids III.) the leafy paths.

Observe the Hendiadys in line 5. Compare Exercise XXXIV. note.

EXERCISE LXVIII. (same continued).

The roses fauld their silken leaves,
The fox-glove shuts its bell;
The honey-suckle and the birk
Spread fragrance through the dell.
Let others crowd the giddy court

Of mirth and revelry;

The simple joys that Nature yields

Are dearer far to me.

5

1, 2. The closed fox-glove hath shut (contraho) its pendant buds; ; every rose (Aids II. 1) hath folded (compono) its silken (tenuis) leaves,-3, 4. On one side (inde) the honeysuckle sheds its pleasant odours, On another (hinc) the birch blends (tempero) its fragrance (aura) in the vale.-5, 6. Let others seek the empty joys of the regal palace (tectum), And enter the crowded (celeber) banquets, a giddy (jocosus) throng.-7, 8. Though (licet) they are simple (arte careo), nevertheless, simple as they are (part.), to my heart The joys of nature [are] more to be prized (pluris habendus-pluris, gen. of value).

EXERCISE LXIX.

All else to noble hearts is dross,

A steed, a steed, of matchless speed,

A sword of metal keen:

All else on earth is mean.

The neighing of the war-horse proud,

5

The rolling of the drum,

The clangour of the trumpet loud,

Be sounds from heaven that come.

And oh! the thundering press of knights,
When as their war-cries swell,

May toll from heaven an angel bright,

Or rouse a fiend from hell!

10

1, 2. Be ours (sit. Exercise XXIV., note) a steed (ungula. See Exercise V. note) of matchless speed (præstans cursu. Turn according to Aids 1. f):—And arms not blunted by corroding (mordax) rust.-3, 4. Nought else do we desire: to the noble all else (cætera, n. pl.) is-vile (sordeo): All else has naught by which the brave may be charmed (capio).—5, 6. Therefore when the spirited war-horse (sonipes) has neighed loud (fremo hinnitibus), and the beaten drums (tympanum) wake deep-sounding echoes, (gravis mugitus) :-7, 8. Whilst the clarion resounds with loud clangour through the air, We thence perceive (Poet. Orn. B) a heaven-sent (non nisi divinus) melody.-9, 10. Again, Aids VII. 10), when the knights have thundered with closed (coactus) squadrons, and the swelling cry (vox geminata) of fighting men arises,-11, 12. Perhaps an angel (cælicòla) may come drawndown from the heavenly regions, or a shade may abandon the Stygian abodes.

Observe "cælicola," "umbra," for "angel," "fiend."-Angelus and dæmon belong to Ecclesiastical, not Classical Latin.

EXERCISE LXX. (same continued).

Then mount, then mount, brave gallants all,
And don your helms amain:

Death's couriers, Fame and Honour, call
Us to the field again.

No shrewish tears shall fill our eye

When the sword-hilt's in our hand :
Heart-whole we'll part, and no whit sigh

For the fairest in the land.

Let piping swain, and craven wight,
Thus weep and puling cry:

Our business is like men to fight,

And like to heroes die.

5

10

1. Come (eja), mount your steeds cheerily (animis, Virgil, Æn. xi. 438), my brave gallants (generosa juventus.—Remember that "juventus" is a noun of number).—2. Don (sumo) amain (certatim) each his helmet. See Exercise II. 2, note.-3, 4. Lo Honour (Pudor), as well as (Exercise IX. 3) Glory, again calls us to warfare (Mars), each of them the messenger of Death. See Exercise XIV. Stanza II. 3, 4.-5, 6. For none shall his eyes swell with womanish weeping, when the hilt has to be grasped (erit corripiendus) in his right hand.-7, 8. But heart-whole (vacuus) we will go; nor will we ever sigh, if any (si quă) girl excel the bands of virgins (adj.).—9, 10. So let the unwarlike boy, so let the shepherd on his rustic reed, vie in lamenting (perf. inf.) with tearful measures.-11, 12. It remains for us, my comrades, to fight like (more, with gen.) men: It remains [for us] to die like (more modo-que) heroes.

Observe the repetition of "restat." Poet. Orn. ; and the pleonasm in "more modoque."

EXERCISE LXXI. (Burns).

How pleasant the banks of the clear-winding Devon With green-spreading bushes and flowers blooming fair!

But the bonniest flower on the banks of the Devon Was once a sweet bud on the braes of the Ayr. Mild be the Sun on this sweet-blushing flower,

In the gay rosy morn as it bathes in the dew; And gentle the fall of the soft vernal shower,

That steals on the evening each leaf to renew.