and solace themselves from about ten in the morning till four in the afternoon, and then return to their feeding. During this great proportion of the day they drop much dung, in which insects nestle; and so supply food for the fish, which would be poorly subsisted but from this contingency. Thus Nature, who is a great economist, converts the recreation of one animal to the support of another! Thomson, who was a nice observer of natural occurrences, did not let this pleasing circumstance escape him. He says, in his Summer,— "A various group the herds and flocks compose: Some ruminating lie; while others stand, Wolmer-pond, so called, I suppose, for eminence sake, is a vast lake for this part of the world, containing, in its whole circumference, 2646 yards, or very near a mile and a-half. The length of the north-west and opposite side is about 704 yards, and the breadth of the south-west end about 456 yards. This measurement, which I caused to be made with good exactness, gives an area of about sixty-six acres, exclusive of a large irregular arm at the northeast corner, which we did not take into the reckoning. On the face of this expanse of waters, and perfectly secure from fowlers, lie all day long, in the winter season, vast flocks of ducks, teals, and wigeons, of various denominations; where they preen and solace and rest themselves, till towards sunset, when they issue forth in little parties (for in their natural state they are all birds of the night) to feed in the brooks and meadows; returning again with the dawn of the morning. Had this lake an arm or two more, and were it planted round with thick covert (for now it is perfectly naked), it might make a valuable decoy. Yet neither its extent, nor the clearness of its water, nor the resort of various and curious fowls, nor its picturesque groups of cattle, can render this meer so remarkable as the great quantity of coins that were found in its bed about forty years ago.* *The circumstances under which these coins were discovered are thus related in the author's " Antiquities of Selborne:"-" In the very dry summers of 1740 and 41, the bed of this lake became as dry and dusty as the surrounding heath; and some of the forest cottagers, remembering stories of coins found by their fathers and grandfathers, began to search also, and with great success; they found great heaps of coin, one lying on the other, as shot there out of a bag, many of them in good preservation. They consisted solely of Roman copper coin in hundreds, and some medals of the lower empire. The neighbouring gentry and clergy chose what they liked, and some dozens fell to the author, chiefly of Marcus Aurelius and the Empress Faustina. Those of Faustina were in high relief, exhibiting agreeable features, and the medals of a paler colour than the coins." B LETTER IX. TO THOMAS PENNANT, ESQ. Y way of supplement, I shall trouble you once more on this subject, to inform you that Wolmer, with her sister forest Ayles Holt, alias Alice Holt,* as it is called in o'd records, is held by grant from the crown for a term of years. The grantees that the author remembers are Brigadier-General Emanuel Scroope Howe, and his lady, Ruperta, who was a natural daughter of Prince Rupert by Margaret Hughs; a Mr. Mordaunt, of the Peterborough family, who married a dowager Lady Pembroke; Henry Bilson Legge and lady; and now Lord Stawel, their son. The lady of General Howe lived to an advanced age, long surviving her husband; and, at her death, left behind her many curious pieces of mechanism of her father's constructing, who was a distinguished "In Rot. Inquisit. de statu forest. in Scaccar. 36. Ed. 3. it is called Aisholt." In "Tit. Wolmer and Aisholt Hantisc, we are told the Lord King had one chapel in his park at Kingesle." Dominus Rex habet unam capellam in haia sua de Kingesle." "Haia, sepes, sepimentum. parcus: a Gall, haie and hye "-SPELMAN'S Glossary, p. 272. mechanic and artist,* as well as warrior; and, among the rest, a very complicated clock, lately in possession of Mr. Elmer, the celebrated game-painter at Farnham, in the county of Surrey. Though these two forests are only parted by a narrow range of enclosures, yet no two soils can be more different; for the Holt consists of a strong loam, of a miry nature, carrying a good turf, and abounding with oaks that grow to be large timber; while Wolmer is nothing but a hungry, sandy, barren waste.+ The former, being all in the parish of Binsted, is *Prince Rupert is generally recorded as being the inventor of mezzotint engraving; a merit, however, to which he is not entitled, although he might have practised the art.-ED. †These forests are no longer held of the crown, but administered by managers appointed by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, who report to the House of Commons on their progress. In 1856 a select committee examined witnesses as to the condition of Alice Holt and Wolmer forest. from which it appeared that 1800 acres of Alice Holt were planted with healthy, promising young oaks, for which the soil of stiff blue clay, lying upon the gault formation, was very suitable. The clay, however, is covered in many places by tertiary drift gravel mixed with iron-stone. The larch flourishes on this gravelly conglomerate. There is no old wood in the forest, except two large oaks kept as relics of the ancient forest. One of the witnesses tells us that each of these is estimated to contain fifteen to twenty loads, the trunks being thirteen feet in circumference; they have been decaying for two hundred years. In Wc mer forest, on the other hand, there are only 1400 acres of Scotch firs planted, and 300 acres of oaks, in patches; and the managers do not advise more being planted. The shooting was granted to Sir Charles Taylor for thirty-one years by George the Fourth at a nominal rent, but the lease expired about 1857. Besides the reluctance to plant in consequence of the indifferent soil, there seems to be claims of common right by which 4000 acres must always remain unenclosed. This prevents the sale or further enclosure of the forest.-ED. D about two miles in extent from north to south, and nearly as much from east to west; and contains within it many woodlands and lawns, and the great lodge where the grantees reside; and a smaller lodge called Goose-green; and is abutted on by the parishes of Kingsley, Frinsham, Farnham, and Bentley; all of which h ve right of common. One thing is remarkable; that, though the Holt has been of old well stocked with fallow-deer, unrestrained by any pales or fences more than a common hedge, yet they were never seen within the limits of Wolmer; nor were the red deer.of Wolmer ever known to haunt the thickets or glades of the Holt. At present the deer of the Holt are much thinned and reduced by the night-hunters, who perpetually harass them in spite of the efforts of numerous keepers, and the severe penalties that have been put in force against them as often as they have been detected, and rendered liable to the lash of the law. Neither fines nor imprisonments can deter them: so impossible is it to extinguish the spirit of sporting, which seems to be inherent in human nature. General Howe turned out some German wild boars and sows in his forests, to the great terror of the neighbourhood; and, at one time, a wild bull or buffalo but the country rose upon them and destroyed them.* A very large fall of timber, consisting of about one thousand oaks, has been cut this spring (viz. 1784) in the Holt forest; one-fifth of which, it is said, belongs to the grantee, Lord Stawel. He lays * German boars and sows were also turned out in the New Forest by Charles the First, which bred and increased; and their stock is supposed to exist still.-MITFORD. |