1933

Machado, Aug. 12, to resign and flee. Carlos Cespedes became Provisional President, Aug. 13; but another army revolt, Sept. 5, put Ramon Grau San Martin in the presidency. He resigned on Jan. 15, 1934, and the Junta put in Carlos Hevia, who was succeeded on Jan. 18 by Col. Carlos Mendieta. After conferences at the White House with Maxim M. Litvinoff, USSR Commissar of Foreign Affairs, President Roosevelt, on Nov. 16, declared renewal of normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Soviet Russia. The first ambassador, Alexander Troyanovsky, presented his credentials on Jan. 7, 1934, at the White House.

1934 Clyde Barrow, 28, on Jan. 16, with a machine gun, wounded two guards at the Eastham (Tex.) State Prison Farm, and liberated Raymond Hamilton and four other convicts. On May 23, Barrow and his girl chum, Bonnie Parker, 23, were shot to death near Arcadia, La., by officers of the law.

On Jan. 16, Edward G. Bremer, 37, was kid-
napped for $200,000 in St. Paul, Minn.
He was released on Feb. 7, in Rochester,
Minn.

On Jan. 25, at Tucson, Ariz., police captured
John Dillinger, Charles Makley, Russell
Clark and Harry Pierpont, together with
$36,000 in money, and they were returned
to jail, Dillinger to Crown Point, Ind., and
the others to Lima, O. Dillinger and a
Negro felon, Herbert Youngblood, escaped
from the Crown Point Prison on March 3.
Dillinger was shot to death on July 22,
outside a movie house, Lincoln Ave., Chi-
cago, by U. S. Dept. of Justice agents.
Youngblood was shot to death, Mch. 16, at
Port Huron, Mich.

Jan. 31, The U. S. Government reduced the dollar's gold weight from 25.8 grains to 15.5/21 grains 9/10 fine, making its gold value 59.06 per cent of the par fixed by the 1900 Act.

Feb. 19, U. S. cancelled all air mail contracts. The Army carried the air mail for 311⁄2 months, losing a dozen officers in plane accidents.

In Austria, Feb. 12-15, an abortive Social Democrat uprising in Vienna, Linz and other places cost 100 lives, with 300 wounded.

Feb. 17, Albert I, 58, King of the Belgians, noted mountain climber, was killed by falling from a cliff overlooking the River Meuse, east of Namur.

Mch. 6, Dr. Alice L. Wynekoop, 63, was convicted, in Chicago, of the murder of her son's wife, Mrs. Rheta Gardner Wynekoop, 22, Nov. 21, 1933, and was sentenced, Mch. 24, to a 25-yr. prison term.

Mch. 22, U. S. Congress granted Philippine independence, later ratified by the Philippine Legislature, effective in 1945 or soon thereafter.

April 27, at Buenos Aires, the Argentine, anti-war pact, previously agreed on at the Pan-American conference in Montevideo, was signed by the United States, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela. It was signed on Oct. 10, 1933, by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay, in Rio.

was

May 10, drought and dust storms in the U. S. mid-West are destroying winter wheat. Longshoremen and other dock laborers began strikes on the U. S. Pacific and Atlantic coasts, marked by violence and fatalities. A general strike of union workers started on July 16, in San Francisco, but quickly fizzled; the dock strikes practically ended by arbitration on July 29. May 29, The Treaty of Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba was signed, abrogating the Treaty of Relations concluded between the United States and Cuba on May 22, 1903. It was ratified May 31, by the U. S. Senate and was put into force on June 9. May 31, The U. S. Grand Fleet of 81 warships

and 35,000 officers and men entered New York Harbor for the first time in four years.

June 14, Germany proclaimed a transfer moratorium, and suspended cash payments on her foreign debts.

June 15, The U. S. Senate ratifled the Geneva

(June 17, 1925) convention for the supervision of international trade in arms, ammunition and implements of war, including aircraft and airships.

June 28, The U. S. Treasury banned silver exports.

June 30, In Germany, a plot by Nazi leaders and Storm Troop commanders to overthrow the regime of Chancellor Adolf Hitler was discovered. There were many arrests, executions and suicides. Ex-Chancellor Gen. Kurt van Schleicher, 51, was shot to death resisting arrest. His wife also was killed.

July 1, President Roosevelt went on board the U. S. cruiser Houston, off Annapolis, Md., and started for Hampton Roads, and Hawaii; landed in Portland, Oregon, on August 3; and then started back East through the drought afflicted plains states. July 17. Strike of Minneapolis truck drivers; ended Aug. 21.

July 25, Nazis in Vienna, Austria, seized the building used by the Cabinet, shot Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, 41, to death. The police and loyal troops soon recaptured the Chancellory, with some loss of life. Aug. 1, In Port Au Prince, the United States relinquished control of Haiti.

Aug. 19, The German people approved the consolidation of the offices of President and Chancellor in a single Leader-Chancellor, Adolf Hitler, which followed the death of President von Hindenburg, Aug. 2. Aug. 21, a band of robbers took $427,950 from a Rubel armed car on Bay 19th St., Brooklyn.

Sept. 1, Strike orders applying to 1,000,000 employees in the cotton, silk and wool divisions, went into effect at 11:30 P. M., issued by the United Textile Workers of America: The trouble was greatest in Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina in the South, and in Maine and Rhode Island. The National Guard and mobs clashed in several states and over 20 persons were killed. President Roosevelt's personal appeal ended the strike on Sept. 22, pending further arbitration.

Sept. 21, Hurricane winds have swept across Honshiu, the central island of Japan. Fatalities totaled 4,232; damage over $90,000,000.

Oct. 5, In Spain, a revolutionary general strike was called by Communist and Socialist leaders in protest against the inclusion by Premier Alejandro Lerroux of three Catholic Popular Actionists in his new cabinet. In the province of Catalonia an independent free state was proclaimed. Sanguinary disorders occurred at Madrid. Barcelona and other cities and industrial centres. All of Spain was put under martial law. President Luis Companys and other Catalan rebels were captured after loyal troops had shelled the public buildings at Barcelona. Warships were sent to the coast cities. Churches and convents were burned by anti-Catholics.

Oct. 9, King Alexander I (45) of Yugo Slavia and Foreign Minister Jean Louis Barthou (72) of France, were assassinated in Marseilles, where the King had landed from a warship, and was on the way to a diplomatic conference at Paris. The slayer, Velichko Kerin, alias Peter Kaleman, alias Valada G. Chernozemsky, born in Bulgaria, was sabred and beaten and stamped to death, but not before he had shot Gen. Alfonse J. Georges and several spectators. Oct. 10, In Louisville, Ky., Mrs. Berry V. Stoll (Alice Speed) 26, wife of an oil operator, was beaten and taken from her home by a kidnapper who left a demand for $50,000. On Oct. 16, she was found by agents of the U. S. Dept. of Justice, near Scottsburg, Ind. The kidnaper, Thomas H. Robinson Jr. was caught in California, May 11, 1936 and on May 13 sentenced to imprisonment for life.

Oct. 22, Charles (Pretty Boy) Floyd, 30, was shot to death by U. S. officers near East Liverpool, Ohio.

Nov. 24, In Chicago, the $100,000,000 Insull mail fraud trial ended in a verdict of not guilty for Samuel Insull and his 16 co-defendants, all former associates in the utilities and financial field. Included among them were Harold L. Stuart, Charles B. Stuart, Stanley Field, Clarence W. Sills, and Edward J. Doyle.

Nov. 27, With a machine gun, George (Baby

1936

was resuming her pre-war neutrality.
Oct. 30, Waterfront activity in all American
ports of the Pacific Coast came to a halt as
39,000 maritime workers went on strike at
midnight, and picket lines were established.
More than 100 ships were tied up in Pacific
ports, 47 of them in San Francisco. The
strike spread to New York and other
Eastern and Gulf Ports.
Nov. 6. In London, a protocol laying down
rules for the conduct of submarines was
signed on behalf of all signatories of the
Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. No sub-
marines may sink or disable a merchant
vessel unless all the passengers and crew
first are placed in "a place of safety."
Dec. 1. In Buenos Aires, President Roosevelt
in a speech at the opening of the Inter-
American Conference for the Maintenance
of Peace called upon the nations of the New
World to unite to help the Old World avert
War. The conference, on Dec. 16, adopted
the collective security convention, the non-
intervention protocol, and the resolution
calling upon republics that have not al-
ready done so to ratify existing peace
treaties. On Dec. 19, the body adopted a
neutrality convention that obligates all the
American countries to take a common joint
attitude as neutrals in case of an outbreak
of hostilities among any two of them. The
gathering ended on Dec. 23, as the Foreign
Ministers of Paraguay and Bolivia pledged
that their countries would settle the Chaco
dispute by pacific means.

Dec. 12, In China, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek
was kidnapped at Sian by Gen. Chang
Hsueh-Liang, and was held prisoner until
Dec. 25.

Dec. 21. The Cuban House of Representa-
tives impeached President Miguel M. Gom-
ez, and he was tried and removed from
office for trying to coerce the Congress as
to legislation.

Dec. 27. Charles Mattson, 10, was kidnapped from his home in Tacoma, Wash., was held awhile for ransom, then was murdered. The body was found, near Everett, Wash., Jan. 11, 1937.

Dec. 30. In Flint, Mich., backed by the John L. Lewis Committee for Industrial Organization, (C.I.O.), the United Automobile Workers of America started its campaign to include the nation's automobile industry within its ranks. It struck at the center of General Motors operations and halted activities in three of its unit plants. 1937 Jan. 1. In Spain, the Insurgent shelling of Madrid, was continued at intervals; Feb. 8, Insurgents took Malaga. The Insurgent headquarters were (military) at Burgos, and (diplomatic) at Salamanca; Bilbao, on June 19; Santander, on Aug. 25; Gijon, on Oct. 21. Warships of Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, on Mch. 13, began to police the coasts of Spain under the 27nation neutrality agreement. Gen. Franco, on April 19, set up a one-party State, dissolving the Fascist and Carlist organizations. The Insurgent battleship, Espana, was sunk, April 30, by airplanes, off Santander; May 17, new Loyalist Government formed under Premier Juan Negrin; many were killed in an Anarchist uprising in Barcelona; Oct. 28, Loyalists shifted government to Barcelona; Nov. 28, Insurgents proclaimed blockade of all Loyalist ports. Jan. 4. The U. S. Supreme Court unanimously upset the conviction and jail sentence of Dirk de Jonge, Oregon Communist, accused of violating the State's Criminal Syndicalism Law. The Court asserted that the right of peacable assembly was as fundamental as the constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and freedom of the press. Jan. 20. In Washington, on the main portico of the Capitol, his head bared to rain, Franklin Delano Roosevelt took for the second time the oath as President of the United States. Jan. 22. Floods in the valleys of the Mississippi, Alleghany and Ohio Rivers and their branches began to bring death, homelessness, privation, property destruction and trafic tie-ups at Pittsburgh, Portsmouth, O., Huntington, W. Va., Louisville, Cincinnati, and many other places. The flood damage was more severe in Louisville, Paducah, Ky., Cincinnati and Pittsburgh. In Kentucky over 225 persons were drowned; in Illinois, 15; in Missouri, 17; in Tennessee, 10; in Arkansas, 28; and small numbers in Ohio,

West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Mississippi. Over 500,000 homes and vast areas of farm lands were flooded. Including deaths indirectly due, the total was estimated at 900. Over 35 rescue workers were drowned by sinking, on Jan. 30, of a steel barge in the Mississippi near New Madrid, Mo.

In Moscow, a treason trial, Jan. 23-30, resulted in execution of 13 of 17 defendants, Karl Radek (Sobelsohn) got off with a 10-yr. sentence to prison.

In China, Feb. 3, a military revolt in Sian, capital of Shensi Province, brought the assassination of Gen. Wang I-Cheh, chief of the forces of the Central government of the Republic. In April, Prince Chichibue, oldest brother of Emperor Hirohito of Japan made with his wife, a good-will visit to the United States, England, and the Continent. In May, the army-supported Japanese Cabinet of Hayashi resigned. Early in July the fighting in China, west of Peiping, was renewed by the Japanese. Tungchow was attacked on July 27; the Japanese on July 29, bombed Tientsin, destroying Nankai University; on Aug. 9, they took formal possession of Peiping; on Aug. 11, they landed marines at Shanghai and shelled Nankow. Thereafter there was almost continuous fighting in Shanghai, where on Aug. 14, Chinese misdirected bombs killed several hundred civilians, and on Aug. 22, an artillery shell fell in the International Settlement, destroying a department store and killing 400 persons. The Japanese blockade of the East Coast of China began on Aug. 25, covering 800 miles and was extended in Sept. to cover 2,700 miles. The Dollar Line ship, President Hoover, and other vessels on the Yangtze, were hit by stray Chinese or Japanese shells. Nanking, Canton, and many other places in the eastern provinces of China were attacked by Japanese planes. On Oct. 23, Suiyuan Province declared independence from China. On Nov. 8, the Chinese abandoned Shanghai as an administrative point, and the Japanese took control. Premier Chiang Kai-Shek moved his headquarters to Hankow. On Dec. 12. Japanese shells sank the U. S. gunboat Panay, with loss of 2 lives; and several American oil carriers, (the captain of one died) on the Yangtze River above Nanking. Several British craft were hit by the shells. A number of lives were lost. For these and other "accidental" bombings, the Japanese apologized and assumed financial responsibility. The United States and Britain had made strong protests. On Dec. 14th, the pro-Japanese administration in Peiping announced it had restored the city's old name, Peking. During the year many lepers were executed by the Chinese government.

Jan. 30. Chancellor Hitler told the Reichstag that Germany annuls and repudiates the admission implied in her signature of the Versailles Treaty fixing upon her responsibility for the World War, and, from this time onward the German railways and the German Reichsbank are free from the obligations imposed upon them by that treaty and are restored to the complete sovereignty of the Reich. He issued a decree forbidding Germans to accept any Nobel prize in the future and establishing rival prizes for Germans only.

Feb. 11. The General Motors Corporation signed a strike settlement with its employees, with increase of 5 cents an hour in wages. In some of the Michigan strikes court injunctions were defied. Most of the big steel mills signed up. May 30, the police were attacked by Republic Steel Corp.'s strikers in South Chicago, they said, and in the combat 16 workers were shot and killed. In June a short strike cut off the electric currents in Michigan's Saginaw Valley. There were several marine workers' strikes on the East, South and West coasts.

Mch. 2. Quakes shook Ohio, Michigan, Indiana. West Virginia and Kentucky. Mch. 18. An explosion of natural gas, which had been piped-in for heating purposes, destroyed the Consolidated Public School in New London, Texas, ten minutes before the teachers and children were to have left for the day. The dead numbered 293. Mch. 26. In Flemington, N. J., the perjury

April 8. The Committee for Industrial Organization closed the General Motors Corporation plant in Oshawa and drew from Mitchell F. Hepburn, Premier of Ontario, formal notice that methods which had "brought the United States almost into a state of anarchy" would not be tolerated in Ontario.

May 6. The dirigible balloon, Hindenburg. on its first 1937 trip from Germany was destroyed by fire and explosions, at 7:23 P.M., as it was about to tie up at the U. S. Naval Air Station, Lakehurst, N. J.; 36 of the 97 passengers were fatally burned, including the commander, Capt. Ernst Lehmann.

May 12, George VI and his wife, Elizabeth, were crowned in Westminster Abbey, London, as King and Emperor and Queen and Empress.

May 21. A Soviet airplane made a landing at the North Pole and established a permanent weather and scientific station for regular air communication between Russia and America by way of the polar region. After flying over the Pole at 11:10 A.M. the plane went on 15 miles further where it landed on a smooth area of an ice floe at 11:35 A.M. It had come 560 miles from Rudolf Island. The ice floe was 10 feet thick and kept on drifting. Supply planes followed later. The plane was piloted by M. V. Vodopyanoff. With him was Professor Otto J. Schmidt, head of the Northern Sea route.

May 24. The International Paris Exposition of 1937 was opened by President Albert Lebrun, accompanied by Premier Leon Blum, May 28. The official London Gazette announced that the King had granted letters patent to the Duke of Windsor "to hold and enjoy for himself only the title, style or attribute of Royal Highness, so however that his wife and descendants, if any, shall not hold said title, style, or attribute." June 3. In Monts, France, the Duke of Windsor married Mrs. Wallis Warfield at the Chateau de Cande. The French civil ceremony was performed by the Mayor of Monts. This was followed by the marriage service of the Church of England, by the Rev. R. Jardine, vicar of St. Paul's, Darlington, England.

In assembly, in Philadelphia, the Presbyterian Church of America, 65 to 24. rejected an overture calling upon its members to recognize and practice "total abstinence" from intoxicants as the "only true principle of temperance." June 12. The Pan-American Exposition opened in Dallas, Tex. A $75,000 jeweled lock at the main gate, symbolic of international friendship, was opened by girls, who inserted keys in the names of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Mexico, Texas and the United States.

21

June 20. In Pennsylvania, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation started evacuation of its Cambria plant under orders of Governor Earle, who had declared martial law. Meantime the C.I.O. had called off the strike.

July 2. Amelia Earhart Putnam, on an equatorial air trip around the world, who had left Lae, New Guinea, on July 1. radioed at 3.20 P.M. (E. D. T.) that she was over the Pacific with a half hour's fuel supply and not in sight of land, "position doubtful." That was the last message. U. S government war ships and airplanes searched in vain for the plane and its two occupants. Aug. 3. Wreckage of a Pan American-Grace Airways flying boat, due from Cali, Colombia, with 11 passengers and a crew of 3, was found by a navy plane 20 miles at sea from Cristobal. Among the passengers were Rex Martin and G. O. Caldwell of the Bureau of Air Commerce, and T. J. Wakely jr., of the Nat'l. City Bk. branch in Santiago, Chile.

Aug. 12. President Roosevelt nominated Senator Hugo Black of Alabama, to be As

sociate Justice of the Supreme Court, filling the vacancy caused by the retirement of Justice Van Devanter. The nomination was approved 13 to 4 (King, D., Burke, D., Austin, R., Steiwer, R.) by the Senate judiciary Committee; it was confirmed by the Senate, 63 to 16, on Aug. 17.

Aug. 12. A Russian airplane under command of Sigismund Levanevsky, left the Moscow flying field at 10:13 A.M., bound for Alaska, and the U. S. After passing over the Pole it radioed that one of its engines was dead, due to a damaged oil pipe. Sir Hubert Wilkins and other aviators flew over the Arctic regions for days in vain search for the missing plane and its occupants. In Moscow, on Feb. 27, 1939. Mikhall M. Voznesensky, ex-radio operator at the Rudolf Island station, was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for disrupting radio communications by a sit-down strike at the time Levanevsky and companions were on their flight and during the period of relief expeditions.

Aug. 22. Near Cody, Wyo., 14 men were burned to death and 50 injured when fire fighters were trapped by flames in the Shoshone National Forest. The flames trapped Earl Davis, U. S. Bureau of Public Roads foreman, nine other bureau employees and about 40 CCC members. Sept. 19. More than 125,000 Mormon church members of the Salt Lake City region ate but one meal in order that the financial equivalent to the other meals might go to needy brothers and sisters.

Oct. 1. In a radio address broadcast from a friend's house in Chevy Chase, Md., exSenator Hugo L. Black of Ala. (recently appointed by President Roosevelt to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court) declared that he joined the Ku Klux Klan "about 15 years ago" "later resigned" and never rejoined." He dropped the Klan he asserted "before becoming a Senator." He denied bias against Negroes, Jews or Roman Catholics, or against any race or creed.

Oct. 12. In Beirut, Syria, J. Theodore Marriner, 45, the U. S. Consul General, was shot dead by an Armenian, Mejardich Karayan, who has a family living in the United States, and who told police his motive had been revenge for a vice consul's refusal to grant him a visa. He was executed.

Oct. 14. In Bartow, Fla., the jury by court order, acquitted the Tampa policemen (C. A. Brown, Jr., C. W. Carlisle, John Bridges, Arlie Gilliam, kleagle of the Orlando Klan; F. W. Switzer and Sam E. Crosby), who were on trial for second-degree murder following the fatal flogging of Joseph Shoemaker when he refused a Ku Klux Klan warning to leave town. The judge ruled that the State had not proved the actual or constructive presence" of any of the men at the scene of the crime.

Oct. 17. A 21-passenger United Air Lines plane, west-bound, which left Cheyenne, Wyo., with 19 persons aboard, at 6:25 P.M.. and was due in Salt Lake City at 8:42 P.M., crashed at 10,000 ft. altitude, into Chalk Mt., in the Uinta Range, south of Knight, Wyo. It was 15 miles south of its regular course, in a rain-snow storm. All were killed.

Oct. 30. In California, the State Supreme Court, 5 to 1, rejected Thomas J. Mooney's plea for a writ of habeas corpus. Nov. 3. A resolution condemning the impending visit of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor to the United States with the announced purpose of studying labor conditions was adopted unanimously by the Baltimore Federation of Labor, a unit of the A. F. of L. The stated_objection was labor hostility to Charles E. Bedaux, laborefficiency expert, sponsor of the tour, author of a production-speed-up system. Nov. 10. In Brazil, at Rio de Janeiro. President Getulio Vargas's Cabinet approved and put into immediate effect a new Constitution.

Nov. 16. An airplane from Cologne bound for London hit in a fog, at 2:30 P.M., a factory chimney in descending near Ostend, Belgium; 8 passengers and 3 of the crew were killed. The passengers killed included Dowager and Grand Duchess Eleanore of Hesse bei Rhein, widow of the Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, who died Oct. 9; Grand

1937 Duke George, 31, her son; Grand Duchess | 1938

Cecilia, 26; Grand Duke George's wife.
who was the daughter of Prince Andreas of
Greece; Prince Ludwig, 6; and Prince
Alexander.

Nov. 24. The 9-power treaty conference, in
Brussels, adjourned indefinitely.

Dec. 10. In a collision of two trains in Scot-
land, bound from Edinburgh for Glasgow,
in a snow storm, 35 passengers were killed.
Dec. 11. Italy gave notice of withdrawal
from the League of Nations.
The non-Russian commission of inquiry on
Leon Trotsky announced in N. Y. City that
it had found him guiltless of the con-
spiracy, sabotage and other charges against
him by the Stalin regime.

In Soviet Russia, the Congress, first under
the new constitution, was chosen by secret
popular vote.

Dec. 20, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled, 7 to
2, that the government has no right to di-
vulge intercepted phone messages.
Dec. 21. The Lincoln Vehicular Tunnel under
the Hudson River between N. Y. City and
Weehawken, N. J., was opened (one tube)
to traffic.

Dec. 23. The Cuban Amnesty bill was signed,
proceedings against ex-President Machado
were dropped, and he was released by the
U. S. Court in N. Y. City.

Dec. 28. As the day ended the Irish Free
State became the State of Eire (Ireland).
Dec. 29. Seven members of the Christopher
Columbus good-will flight to South Amer-
ica died when their plane crashed in the
mountains near Cali, Colombia.
Dec. 30. The yacht Aafje was towed to Los
Angeles after her owner, Dwight Faulding,
and her navigator, Jack Morgan, had been
slain and cast overboard.

1938 Jan. 5. A U. S. bombing plane vanished off
San Pedro, Calif., with 7 Navy men aboard;
cadet flier S. P. Hawkins was lost in the
search.

Jan. 9. An Argentine plane crashed in Uru-
guay; 9 persons died, including a son of
ex-President Justo of Argentina.
Jan. 10. A plane from Seattle, Wash., for
Chicago fell in the mountains of Montana,
northwest of Bozeman; 9 lives were lost.
Jan. 11. The hydroplane, Samoan Clipper,
from American Samoa for Auckland, New
Zealand, with 7 aboard, vanished near Pago
Pago.

Jan. 16. Insurgent planes from Majorca began
daily bombing of Barcelona; Feb. 1, Loyalist
Cortes, at Montserrat, near Barcelona, got
a message of sympathy from 60 U. S. Sena-
tors; Feb. 22, Insurgents recaptured Teruel;
March 6, Insurgent cruiser, Baleares, sunk
off Cartagena by Loyalist gunboat: March
7, air raids kill 1,000 in Barcelona; In-
surgents take Lerida; April 15, they reach
the sea at Lerida cutting Loyalist Spain in
two: Oct. 10, Italy begins token withdrawal
of 10,000 troops; Dec. 23, Insurgents begin
final campaign against Barcelona, which
falls on Jan. 26, 1939.

Jan. 12. The first session of the U. S. S. R.'s
"Red Parliament', the supreme Soviet.
elected under the new constitution, opened
in the Kremlin Great Palace. Joseph Stalin
was among the delegates,
Jan. 13. A commission of the Church of
England has reported that the creation
narrative in Genesis is mythological, with
a symbolic rather than a historic value.
Jan. 18. Ecuador decreed explusion of alien
Jews, except those in agriculture.
In Ste. Hyacinthe, Quebec, 47 persons died
in a fire at the College of the Sacred Heart.
Feb. 1. Collision of U. S. Navy bombing
planes killed 11 persons off San Pedro,
Calif.
Feb. 20. Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden
resigned from the British Cabinet. He was
at odds with Prime Minister Neville Cham-
berlain and a majority of his colleagues on
how to seek settlements with Italy and
Germany. He took with him into retirement
Viscount Cranborne, Under-Secretary for
Foreign Affairs.

King Carol of Rumania by proclamation abol-
ished parliamentary government and re-
placed it by a Fascist corporative Chamber
and Senate. The King's constitution was
backed Feb. 24 by a popular vote-4,165,193
for; 5,313 against.
Feb. 24. Peter Levine, 12, son of Murray
Levine, vanished from his home in New
Rochelle, N. Y. Parts of his body drifted

ashore, May 29, on Long Island Sound near New Rochelle.

Mar. 2. Storms and floods in Southern California caused 81 deaths, of which 31 were in the Los Angeles area.

Mar. 13. In Austria, after the resignation of Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg and President Wilhelm Miklas, the new Chancellor, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, proclaimed the political and geographic union of Germany and Austria. This was ratified by a popular vote, excluding Jews, in Austria on April 10. Meantime, Chancellor Adolf Hitler, at the head of German troops, which began to cross the frontier on March 11, had taken possession of Austria. The Italian Grand Council, headed by Premier Benito Mussolini, voted approval.

In Moscow, in the treason trials, all of the 21 defendants were found guilty, of whom 18, including N. Bukharin, A. I. Rykoff, H. G. Yagoda, N. N. Kreitinsky, G. T Grinko and A. P. Rosengoltz, were sentenced to death and were shot; imprisonment was meted to C. G. Rakovsky (20 yrs.); S. A. Bessonor (15 yrs.), and Dr. D. D Pletnev (25 yrs.)

were

In the Kazakhstan Republic 19 "traitors" convicted and shot, including expresident U. Kolumbetoff and ex-chief prosecutor S. Yeskarayeff.

Mar. 18. Mexico nationalized the petroleum industry.

Mar. 21. President Roosevelt removed Arthur
E. Morgan as Chairman of the Tennessee
Valley Authority and put H. A. Morgan in
his place.

March 28. New Reform Government of Re-
public of China set up at Nanking.
Apr. 5. The 1938 N. Y. State Constitutional
Convention opened in Albany.

Apr. 11. Richard Whitney, 49, ex-president of the N. Y. Stock Exchange, and head of the collapsed bond brokerage firm of Richard Whitney & Co., Broad St., N. Y. City, was sentenced to 5 to 10 years in State Prison, on each of two indictments, to which he had pleaded guilty, which charged him with having misused $105,000 of the trust fund established by his father-in-law, the late George R. Sheldon, and with the theft of $109,000 from the fund of the N. Y. Yacht Club, of which he was treasurer. The sentences run concurrently. He entered Sing Sing prison on April 12.

Apr. 25. Britain (The United Kingdom) and Eire (Ireland) signed an accord under which Britain gives up naval control (Admiralty property and rights) of the ports of Cobh (Queenstown), Bere Haven," and Lough Swilly; and Eire agrees to pay £10,000,000 by Nov. 20, 1938, in final settlement of Britain's claim to land annuities, default of which since 1932 led to the tariff war that has hurt Irish agriculture These tariffs are now thereby abolished; Eire agrees to continue until 1987 annual payments covering damage to property during the land troubles, as provided in the Anglo-Irish agreement of 1925. The Dail Eireann approved, on April 29, the pact. May 4. The steamship (motorship) Lafayette, was destroyed by fire at Havre, France. She had arrived from New York on April 28, was in the drydock for an overhauling, and was scheduled to leave for New York. There was a strike on one of the company's other ships, the Champlain, and a sailor confessed to setting small fires on her on May 10.

May 14. King Solomon's long-vanished seaport, where he built and operated ships and smelted copper, at the northern end of the eastern arm of the Red Sea, has been found buried under the sands near Aquaba, about half a mile from the present shore line.

June 19. In a train wreck, due to a bridge collapse in a flooded creek in Montana, east of Miles City, 47 persons were killed. July 17. Douglas G. Corrigan, of Los Angeles, flew from Brooklyn across the Atlantic to Dublin, without permit or passport. July 26. In N. Y. City, John W. Wards, 26, a former bank clerk, ended an 11-hour stay on an 18-inch ledge and dived headlong to death at 10:38 P.M. from the 17th floor of the Hotel Gotham, in N. Y. City. July 29. The hydroplane Hawaii Clipper, with 15 aboard, for Manila, vanished when about 565 miles from there; 15 persons were lost.