Vocational Education Source: United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education All Federal funds for vocational education are matched by State and local money, and in 1940 the States and local communities expended $1.75 for each dollar of Federal aid for vocational educa tion. This does not include expenditures for plant and equipment of vocational schools, for which no Federal money can be used. ENROLLMENT IN FEDERALLY AIDED SCHOOLS OR CLASSES BY YEARS Enrollment figures include enrollment in schools and classes for distributive occupations-(1938) 36,008; (1939) 88,429; (1940) 129,433. The 1940 figures are provisional, subject to final audit of State reports. ENROLLMENT BY STATES, FISCAL YEAR 1940 Of the enrollment in 1940, males numbered 1,279,109; females, 1,011,632. Expenditures under the Federal Vocational Education Acts (except for teacher-training)-(1930) $27,412,136: (1931) $29,538,445; (1932) $30,767,572; (1933) $27,760,956: (1934) $26,011,341; (1935) $27,076,447; (1936) $31,141,788; (1937) $34,051,285; (1938) $41,411,122: (1939) $48,454,640; (1940) $50,626,777. Expenditures for teacher-training in 1936 were $2,286,046; (1937) $2,348,001; (1938) $3,583,415; (1939) $4,211,531; (1940) $4,454,534. The figures on vocational education costs do not represent costs of education for the CCC camps, except in so far as some of the boys from the camps have attended classes in public schools operating under the vocational program. Public Schools Attendance, Teachers, Expenditures Source: U. S. Office of Education; Salaries cover superintendents, supervisors, and teachers The 1938 figures for teachers (total) include "other instructional staff" not divided by sex. The U. S. Office of Education estimated that 1941-42 students would total 31,566,000. The enrollment in elementary schools was expected to drop to 20,707,000. An illiterate is a person 10 years of age or over who cannot write in any language. The average percent of illiteracy among negroes in 1930 in the United States was 16.3. The average percentage of illiteracy among the native whites in the United States in 1930 was 1.5. Illiteracy among foreign-born whites in the United States in 1930 averaged 9.9 per cent. and ranged from 0.3 p. ct. among Scots, and 0.6 p. ct. among English and Canadians, to 36.9 p. ct. among persons from the Azores. The American Rhodes Scholarships were suspended by the Rhodes Trustees in September, 1939, as a result of the war. No new elections have been held, and it is not likely that any will be until the war is over. Normally, to the United States are assigned. yearly, 32 scholarships, worth £400, tenable for 2 years. To be eligible a candidate must be-(a) A male citizen of the United States; (b) Over nineteen and not over twenty-five years of age; (c) Above soph Other percentages were-Portuguese, 34.7; Italians, 25.3; Poles, 19.0; Yugoslavs, 15.6: Turks, 14.1; Spanish, 14.0; Greeks. 13.6; Russians, 11.3: Austrians, 10.4; French-Canadians, 9.9; Hungarians, 9.8; Cubans, 6.6; Belgians, 6.4; Finns. 6.3; French, 3.8; Germans, 3.2. The percentage of illiteracy in 1930 among Negroes in cities averaged about 5.0. omore standing in some recognized degree granting university or college in the United States. Candidates may apply either from the State in which they have their ordinary private domicile, home, or residence, or from the State in which they have received at least two years of their college education. Selections are made on the basis of the candidate's record in school and college, supplemented by references of persons who know him and by a personal interview with the Committee of Selection. The Pulitzer School of Journalism Source: An official of the school The School of Journalism (graduate) at Columbia University, founded and endowed by the late Joseph Pulitzer, opened (Sept. 1912) and entered (1913) its new building at 116th St. and Broadway, New York City. The dean is Carl W. Ackerman. The school has a reference library of 15,800 books and 4,350 bound newspaper volumes, a file of fifty daily papers (American and foreign) and a "morgue" of 1,400,000 newspaper clippings of which the private collection of Dr. Talcott Williams, former Dean, formed the basis. Advisory Board:-Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University; Sevellon Brown (1940-1944), The Providence (R. I.) Journal; Kent Cooper (1940-1944), The Associated Press, New THE PULITZER Desirous of aiding a number of boys of exceptional ability to gain an education that would fit them for careers of leadership and usefulness, the late Joseph Pulitzer founded (1889) the notable scholarships that bear his name. For a time the boys selected went to the College of the City of New York, but the lack of suitable preparatory schools at that time caused a new arrangement to be made (1893) for a seven years' course for the students selected, three years in Horace Mann High School and four in Columbia University. In that year Columbia, in return for a gift of York City; Julian LaRose Harris (1940-1944), The Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times; Walter M. Harrison (1941-1945). The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Okla.; Arthur M. Howe (1938-1942), formerly of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Frank R. Kent (1941-1945), The Sun, Baltimore, Md.; Robert Lincoln O'Brien (1938-1942), former publisher of the Boston Herald, Washington, D. C.; Stuart H. Perry (1941-1945), The Adrian (Mich.) Telegram; Harold Stanley Pollard (1939-1943). The New York World-Telegram; Joseph Pulitzer (1939-1943), The St. Louis (Mo.) Post-Dispatch; William Allen White (1938-1942), The Emporia (Kan.) Gazette: Arthur Krock (1940-1943) Washington correspondent of The New York Times; Dean Ackerman, Secretary, Columbia University. SCHOLARSHIPS money, undertook to carry ten boys a year, forty in all, upon its scholarship rolls without tuition fee. Still later, as the public high schools multiplied in number in the city, the scholarships were thrown open to graduates of the high schools-those of Kings, Queens and Richmond being later added to the list. To the holders of the scholarships, never fewer than forty, a stipend of $250 each, available in any American college of the first class, was annually paid by Mr. Pulitzer during his lifetime, and payment is now continued by Columbia University under the terms of his will out of the income of a fund provided for the purpose. Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and Letters Source: Pulitzer School of Journalism are The Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and in Letters, established by the late Joseph Pulitzer in a bequest to Columbia University, New York City, awarded annually by the trustees of Columbia University on recommendation of the Advisory Board of the School of Journalism at Columbia, which was also founded and endowed by Mr. Pulitzer. Juries selected to pass on the year's productions for 1935 made no selection of prize-winners but submitted to the Advisory Board for its guidance a list of eligible candidates for each prize with a statement of reasons for each recommendation. The specifications for the prize winning play and novel for 1934 and after carry the phrase "preferably dealing with American life." The awards of 1941 for work done in the year 1940, are here given, with a list of the previous awards: PUBLIC SERVICE For the most disinterested and meritorious public service rendered by an American newspaper during the year-$500 gold medal 1918-The New York Times for the publication in 1920-No award. 1921-Boston Post for its work in the exposure of 1922-World of New York for its work in exposing 1924-World of New York for its work in connection 1926 Enquirer-Sun, Columbus, Ga. 1927-Canton, (O.) Daily News. 1928 Indianapolis Times (a Scripps-Howard news- 1929 Evening World of New York for its effective 1933-New York World-Telegram (a Scripps-How- paign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson 1935-Sacramento Bee for articles on Federal Ju- REPORTING For a distinguished example of a reporter's work during the year, the test being strict accuracy, terseness, the preference being given to news stories prepared under the pressure of edition time, that. redound to the credit of the profession of journalism-$1,000. 1917-Herbert Bayard Swope, World of New York. 1920-John J. Leary, Jr., World of New York. 1923-Alva Johnston, The New York Times. 1925-James W. Mulroy and Alvin H. Goldstein, Chicago Daily News. 1926-William Burke Miller, Louisville CourierJournal. 1927-John T. Rogers, St. Louis Post Dispatch. 1928-No award. 1929-Paul Y. Anderson, St. Louis Post Dispatch. 1930-Russell D. Owen, The New York Times; also special award of $500 to W. O. Dapping, Auburn (N. Y.) Citizen. 1931-A. B. MacDonald, Kansas City Star. 1932-W. C. Richards, D. D. Martin, J. S. Pooler, F. D. Webb and J. N. W. Sloan, Detroit Free Press. 1933-Francis A. Jamieson of the Associated Press in Trenton, N. J. 1934-Royce Brier, San Francisco Chronicle. 1935-William H. Taylor, New York Herald Tribune. 1936-Lauren D. Lyman, The New York Times. 1937-Shared by five reporters who covered the tercentenary celebration of Harvard University; John J. O'Neill, New York Herald Tribune; William L. Laurence, The New York Times; Howard W. Blakeslee, Associated Press; Gobind Behari Lal, Universal Service, and David Dietz, ScrippsHoward newspapers. 1938-Raymond Sprigle, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 1939-Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. 1940-S. Burton Heath, New York World-Telegram, FOREIGN OR WASHINGTON For distinguished service as a Washington or Foreign correspondent during the year-$500. 1929 Paul Scott Mowrer, Chicago Daily News. 1930-Leland Stowe, New York Herald Tribune. 1931-H. R. Knickerbocker, Philadelphia Public Ledger and New York Evening Post. 1932-Walter Duranty, The New York Times, and Charles G. Ross of St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 1933-Edgar Ansel Mowrer, Chicago Daily News. 1934-Frederick T. Birchall, The New York Times. 1935-Arthur Krock, New York Times. 1936-Wilfred C. Barber, Chicago Tribune; honorable mention to Webb Miller of the United Press Associations; Ashmun Brown of the Providence Evening Bulletin; Jay C. Hayden of the Detroit News and James A. Mills of the Associated Press. 1937-Anne O'Hara McCormack, The New York Times. 1938-Arthur Krock, The New York Times. 1939-Louis P. Lochner, correspondent of the Associated Press in Germany. 1940-Otto D. Tolischus, The New York Times. 1941-No award. The judges ordered a special plaque be made recognizing the achievements of American news reporters in the war zone. A special citation was made to The New York Times "for the public educational value of its foreign news reports, exemplified by its scope, by excellence of writing and presentation and supplementary background information, illustration and interpretation!" ÉDITORIALS For distinguished editorial writing during the year, the test of excellence being clearness of style, moral purpose, sound reasoning and power to influence public opinion in what the author conceives to be the right direction-$500. 1917-New York Herald Tribune. 1918-Louisville Courier Journal, Henry Watterson, writer. 1919-No award. 1920-Omaha Evening World-Herald, Harvey E. Newbranch, writer. 1921-No award. 1922-New York Herald, Frank M. O'Brien, writer. 1923-Emporia (Kans.) Gazette, William Allen White, writer. 1924-Boston Herald, Frank Buxton, writer. 1925 Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier, Robert Latham, writer. 1926 The New York Times, Edward Kingsbury, writer. 1927-Boston Herald, O. F. Lauriston Bullard, writer. 1928-Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser, Grover C. Hall, writer. 1929 Norfolk (Va.) Virginian Pilot, Louis Isaac Jaffe, writer. 1930-No award. 1931-Fremont (Neb.) Tribune, Charles S. Ryckman, writer. 1932-No award. 1933-Kansas City Star, Henry J. Haskell, writer. 1934-Atlantic (Ia.) News-Telegram, E. P. Chase, writer. 1935-No award. 1936 Two awards-Washington Post. Felix Morley, writer; George B. Parker, editor-in-chief of the Scripps-Howard Papers, writer. 1937-Baltimore Sun, John W. Owens, writer. 1938 Des Moines (Ia.) Register and Tribune, W. W. Waymack, writer. 1939-Portland (Ore.) Oregonian, R. G. Callvert, writer. Bart Howard, 1940-St. Louis Post-Dispatch, writer. 1941-New York Daily News, Reuben Maury, writer. CARTOONS For a distinguished example of a cartoonist's work during the year-$500. 1922-Rollin Kirby, World of New York. 1923-No award. 1924-J. N. Darling, New York Herald Tribune. 1925-Rollin Kirby, World of New York. 1926-D. R. Fitzpatrick, St. Louis Post Dispatch. 1927-Nelson Harding, Brooklyn Eagle. 1928-Nelson Harding, Brooklyn Eagle. 1929 Rollin Kirby, World of New York. 1930-Charles B. Macauley, Brooklyn Eagle. 1931-Edmund Duffy, Baltimore Sun. 1932-John T. McCutcheon, Chicago Tribune. 1933-H. M. Talburt, Washington Daily News (A Scripps-Howard newspaper). 1934-Edmund Duffy, Baltimore Sun. 1935-Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal. 1936-No award. 1937-C. D. Batchelor, Daily News of New York; honorable mention to John Frances Knott, of the Dallas News and Quincy Scott of the Portland (Ore.) Oregonian. 1938-Vaughn Shoemaker, Chicago Daily News. 1939 Charles G. Werner, The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Okla. 1940-Edmund Duffy, The Baltimore Sun. 1941-Jacob Burck, The Chicago Times. NOVELS For a distinguished novel, preferably dealing with American life, by an American author, published during the year-$1000. 1918-Ernest Poole, "His Family." 1919 Booth Tarkington, "The Magnificent Ambersons." 1920-No award. 1921-Edith Wharton, "The Age of Innocence." 1922-Booth Tarkington, "Alice Adams." 1923-Willa Cather, "One of Ours." 1924-Margaret Wilson. "The Able McLaughlins." 1925-Edna Ferber, "So Big." 1926-Sinclair Lewis, Arrowsmith." (He declined the prize.) 1927-Louis Bromfield, "Early Autumn." 1928-Thornton Wilder, "The Bridge of San Luis Rey." 1929-Julia M. Peterkin, "Scarlet Sister Mary." 1930-Oliver La Farge, "Laughing Boy." 1931-Margaret Ayer Barnes, "Years of Grace." 1932-Pearl Buck, "The Good Earth." 1933-T. S. Stribling, ""The Store." 1934-Caroline Miller, "Lamb in His Bosom!" 1935-Josephine Winslow Johnson, "Now in November." 1936-Harold L. Davis, "Honey in the Horn." 1937-Margaret Mitchell, "Gone With the Wind." 1938-John Phillips Marquand, "The Late George Apley." 1939 Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, "The Yearling." 1940-John Steinbeck, "The Grapes of Wrath.' 1941-No award. PLAYS For the original American play, performed in New York, which shall best represent the educational value and power of the stage, dealing preferably with American life-$1,000. 1918-Jesse Lynch Williams, "Why "Marry?" 1919 No award. 1920-Eugene O'Neill, "Beyond the Horizon.' 1921-Zona Gale, "Miss Lulu Bett." 1922 -Eugene O'Neill, "Anna Christie." 1923-Owen Davis, "Icebound." 1924-Hatcher Hughes, "Hell-Bent for Heaven." 1925-Sidney Howard, "They Knew What They Wanted." 1926-George Kelly, "Craig's Wife." 1927-Paul Green, "In Abraham's Bosom." 1928-Eugene O'Neill, "Strange Interlude." 1929-Elmer Rice, "Street Scene." 1930-Marc Connelly, "The Green Pastures." 1931-Susan Glaspell, "Alison's House. 1932 -George S. Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin, "Of Thee I Sing." 1933-Maxwell Anderson, "Both Your Houses." 1934-Sidney Kingsley, "Men in White." 1935--Zoë Akins, "The Old Maid." 1936-Robert E. Sherwood, "Idiot's Delight." 1937-George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, "You Can't Take It With You." 1938-Thornton Wilder, "Our Town." 1939-Robert E. Sherwood, "Abe Lincoln in Illinois." 1940-William Saroyan, "The Time of Your Life." (He declined the prize.) 1941-Robert E. Sherwood, "There Shall Be No Night." HISTORIES For a distinguished book of the year upon the history of the United States-$2,000. 1917-J. J. Jusserand, "With Americans of Past and Present Days." 1918-James Ford Rhodes, "A History of the Civil War." 1919 No award. 1920 Justin H. Smith, "The War With Mexico." 1921-Rear Admiral William Snowden Sims, "The Victory at Sea." 1922-James Truslow Adams, "The Founding of New England." 1923 Charles Warren, "The Supreme Court in United States History." 1924 Charles Howard McIlwain, "The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation." 1925 Frederick L. Paxton, "A History of the American Frontier." 1926-Edward Channing, "History of the United States, Volume VI." 1927--Samuel Flagg Bemis, "Pinckney's Treaty." 1928-Vernon Louis Parrington, "Main Currents in American Thought." 1929 Fred A. Shannon, "The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861-65." 1930-Claude H. Van Tyne, "The War of Independence.' 1931-Bernadotte E. Schmitt, "The Coming of the War, 1914." 1932-General John J. Pershing, "My Experiences in the World War." 1933-Frederick J. Turner, "The Significance of Sections in American History." 1934 Herbert Agar, "The People's Choice." 1935-Charles McLean Andrews, "The Colonial Period of American History." 1936-Andrew C. McLaughlin, "A Constitutional History of the United States." 1937-Van Wyck Brooks, "The Flowering of New England." 1938-Paul Herman Buck, "The Road to Reunion."' 1939-Frank Luther Mott, "A History of American Magazines." 1940 Carl Sandburg, "Abraham Lincoln: The War Years." 1941-Marcus Lee Hansen (posthumous), Atlantic Migration.'" BIOGRAPHIES 1925-M. A. DeWolfe Howe, "Barrett Wendel and His Letters. 1926 Dr. Harvey Cushing, "The Life of Sir William Osler.' 1927-Emory Holloway, "Whitman." 1928 Charles Edward Russell, "The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas." 1929--Burton J. Hendrick, "The Training of an American: The Earlier Life and Letters of Walter H. Page.' " 1930-Marquis James, "The Raven," a biography of Sam Houston. 1931-Henry James, "Charles W. Eliot." 1932-Henry F. Pringle, "Theodore Roosevelt." 1933-Allan Nevins, "Grover Cleveland." 1934-Tyler Dennett, "John Hay." 1935-Douglas Southall Freeman, "R. E. Lee." 1936-Ralph Barton Perry, "The Thought and Character of William James." 1937-Allan Nevins, "Hamilton Fish, the Inner History of the Great Administration." 1938-Divided between Odell Shepard, "Pedlar's Progress; The Life of Bronson Alcott" and Marquis James, "Andrew Jackson: Vol. 1. The Border Captain. Vol. II. Portrait of a President." 1939 Carl Van Doren, "Benjamin Franklin." 1940-Ray Stannard Baker, "Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters." 1941-Ola Elizabeth Winslow, "Jonathan Edwards." POETRY For a distinguished volume of verse by an American author-$1,000. 1922-Edwin Arlington Robinson. 1923--Edna St. Vincent Millay. 1924-Robert Frost. 1925- Edwin Arlington Robinson, 1926-Amy Lowell. ་ "The 1934-Robert Hillyer. 1935-Audrey Wurdemann. For the best American biography teaching patriotic and unselfish services to people-$1,000. 1917-Laura E. Richards and Maude House Elliott, assisted by Florence Howe Hall, Julia Ward Howe.' 1936-Robert Peter Tristram Coffin. 1937-Robert Frost. 1938-Marya Zaturenska. Students Taking Some Form of College Work, 1900-1938 Source: The United States Office of Education Universities and Col. Teachers colleges Total Collegiate students in normal schools Yr. Exten. 1922 1920 Exten. Exten. Reg. Sum- corre- Reg.- Sum- corre- Reg. Sum- correular mer spond ular mer spond ular mer spond 1938 1,205,256 317,019 243,979 130,276 103,894 49.518 15.373 8,951 1936 1,062,760 262,839 210,778 127,870 98,687 35.744 17,597 8,500 1934 919,176 217,033 167,590 117,931 80,684 35,940 18,253 6,037 1932 989,757 277,700 208,992 138,720 125,002 50.717 26,106 11,688 1930 924,275 249,150 294,044 118,411 119,111 52,290 43,113 19,745 1928 868,793 239,570 292,074 114,618 120,019 61,090 46,627 23,187 1926 767,263 209,454 273,235 85,207 92,588 40,076 49,609 38.419 1924 664,266 189,943 144,858 58,896 74,619 32,362 11,240 13,563 550,906 148,063 119,708 56,432 72,248 24,665 462,445 94,838 83,100 54,721 38,011 13,360 Exten.. Regu- Sum- correlar yr. mer spond 1,854 1,350,905 429,864 295,351 4,947 1,208,227 370,026 251,469 4,977 1,055,360 203,754 208,507 5,556 1,154,583 114,390 265,265 17,799 1,085,799 388,008 354,133 7,082 1,030,038 382,776 360,246 11,508 902,079 340,461 324,819 16,927 734,402 278,125 194,147 10.790 607,338 220,311 155,163 5,202 517,166 132,849 101,662 1918 330,689 78,059 50,014 330,689 78.059 50,314 354,325 83,234 303,233 83,234) 266,654 199,045 167,999 In 1932 the extension and correspondence figures do not include 174,921 non-collegiate students; in 1934 such students to the number of 45,484 are omitted. Of the 1,205,256 college students in 1938, males numbered 752,127; females, 453,129. American Colleges and Universities Source: This list is based on the 1941 Educational Directory of the United States Office of Education. The number of students is of those studying for degrees and does not include those taking extension courses or casual courses in the summer schools. The number of teachers is for the regular courses leading to degrees. The data Location Abiline, Texas.. Agric. and Normal (C., E., S., N.) Pine Bluff, Ark. Akron, Univ. of (C., S.) Alabama (W., E., S.). Alabama Poly. Inst. (C., E., S.). Akron, Ohio. are from questionnaires returned by the institu- Governing Official 1873 J. B. Watson. 1913 H. E. Simmons. Col No. Year 1889 James R. McCain. 1922 Richard C. Foster. 1867 Clarence W. Greene Albertus Magnus (W., E., S.) New Haven, Conn. 1925 Sister M. Isabel. Albion, Mich. 1835 John L. Seaton. Reading, Pa. Albright (C., S.).. Alcorn Agric. & Mech. (C., S., N.) Alcorn, Miss. Alderson-Broaddus (C., S.) Alfred Univ. (C., E., S.) Alma (C.). Alma White (C., S.) Amer. Coll. of Sofia (C.).. Amer. Univ. of Beirut (C, E., S.) Anderson Coll. & Theo. Sem. (C.) Arizona, Univ. of (C., E., S.) Ark. Agric. & Mech. (C., S.) Assumption. Athens (C.. E., S.). Atlanta Univ. (C., S., N.) Morehouse (S., N.) Spelman (W., S., N.). Atlantic Christian (C., E., S.) Augustana Coll. and Theo. Sem. Aurora (C.). Austin (C., E., S.) Baldwin-Wallace (C., E., S.) Barat Col. of Sacred Heart (W) Bard Barnard (W.). Bates (C.). Baylor Univ. (C., S.) Alfred, N. Y. Springfield, Mass. Yellow Springs, Ohio. Atlanta, Ga. Rock Island, Ill... Sherman, Texas 1856 Harry V. Masters 1871 William H. Bell. Philippi, W. Va. 1871 John W. Elliott 1836 John N. Norwood 1815 William P. Tolley 1870 A. M. Church 1886 John W. Dunning. 1921 Arthur K. White. 1885 Chester S. McGown. 1866 Bayard Dodge. 1920 1821 Chas. H. Watson 1917 John A. Morrison. |