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Operating revenues in 1940 for Class I roads amounting to $4,296,600,653 were derived from the following chief sources: freight. $3.528,782,173; passenger, $416,696,703; mail, $101,086,898; express, $55,642,993.

Operating expenses in 1940 for Class I roads were divided as follows: maintenance of way and

Investment Yr. In Road and Equipment

Dollars

structures, $497,031,272; maintenance of equipment, $818,975.489; traffic, $107,586,358; transportation, $1,500,958,732,

Average dividend rate on dividend-paying stock(1920) 6.52; (1925) 6.52; (1930) 7.83; (1935) 5.94; (1936) 6.45; (1937 5.85; (1938) 4.34; (1939) 5.62; (1940) 5.79. The peak, 9.02, was in 1921. RAILWAY VALUES, STOCKS, BONDS, AND CAPITAL (Investment figures, first column, represent book values) Tot. Railway,

Funded
Debt
Outstand.
Dollars

Capital
Outstand.

Dollars

Net Capitalization

Amount of
Stock Pay.
Dividends

Dollars

Dollars

Common Preferred Stock Stock Outstand. Outstand. Dollars Dollars 1915 17.441,420.3827,599,937,801 1,394.956.920 12,133,064,357 21,127.959.078 16,307,502.580 5,219.846,566 1920 19,849,319,946 7,215,861,540 1,897.823.599 12,777,765.646 21.891,450,785 16.993,930,263 5,075,039.645 1925 23,217,208,918 7,602,250,600 1,937,282.909 14,104,690,563 23,644,224,072 18,190,513,329 6,278,531,565 1926 23,880,740,146 7,560,310,349 1,924,492,389 14,192,194,219 23,676,996,957 18,234,311,637 6,473,279,918 1927 24,453,870.938 7,682,788,226 1,979,987,460 13,951,550,172 23,614,325,858 18,136,691,445 6,701,427,317 1928 24,875,983,930 7,808,672,479 2,034,636,886 13,903,962,701 23,747,272,066 18,510,582,609 7,159,988,646 1929 25,465,036,427 7,852,768,522 2,064,976,159 14,064,919,410 23,982,664,091 18,679,706,928 7,506,264,973 1930 26,051,000,223 8.008,945,756 2,073,785,915 14,248,760,729 24,331,492,400 19,065,626,085 7,702,020,533 1931 26,094,898,545 8,030,476,804 2,049,011,972 14,264,295,921 24,343,784,697 18,941,460,134 7,325,664,365 1932 26,086,990,995 8,066,630,991 2,047,545,714 14,722,717,556 24,836,894,261 18,893,459,447 3,298,821,669 1933 25,901,961,773 8,056,676,584 2,041,942,386 14,623,942,641 24,722,561,611 18,830,912,324 3.119.282,144 1934 25,681,607,533 7,994,085,098 2,043,916,410 14,531,691,768 24,569,693,276 18,652,491,252 3,411,519,569 1935 25,500,465,262 7,986,785,640 2,036,510,297 14,223,572,728 24,246,868,665 18,342,297,429 3,412,967,544 1936 25,432,388,302 7,992,835,168 2,035,453,938 13,974,262,761 24,002,551,867 18,335,886,587 3,594,789,000 1937 25,636,081,713 8,063,946,728 2,050,126,368 14,008,763,824 24,122,836,920 18,319,002,557 3,890,177,357 1938 25,595,739,478 8,040,337,169 2,049,498,093 13,765,622,110 23,855,457,372 17,987,982.640 3,139,486,000 1939 25,538,157,310 8,025.355.714 2,049,675,267 13,534,292,402 23,609,323,383 17,698,158,436 3,190,115,000 1940 25,646,013,606 8,004,987,573 2,064,336,097 13,302,080,418 23,371,404,088 17,629,613,122 3,741,132,000 "Net Capitalization" is total capital outstanding minus capital securities owned by railways. Thus, in 1940 of the $17,629,613,122 of American rail WIDTH OF STANDARD

The standard gauge of railways is 4 feet 82 inches in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Austria, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, and European Turkey. That is to say it is 562 inches from the inside of one rail to the inside of the opposite rail, about five-eighths of an inch below the top of the rail head. This measurement holds good on rail heads with slanted sides as well as on rail heads with straight sides.

Broad-gauge is 6 feet and was used in the South. Narrow gauge:-A guage narrower than the standard gauge, such as the meter gauge used largely in

securities in the hands of the public, stocks totaled $7,020,558,754; bonds, $10,609,054,368.

GAUGE RAILWAYS

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Includes Austria and Sudetenland. State operated railways only.
Note: Mileage figure for the United States represents total miles owned.

Express Service by Rail and Air

Source: Railway Express Agency

17,000 shipments were carried. In 1940, regularly scheduled airplanes of major airlines, flying an average of 248,000 miles daily over 45,000 miles of airways in the United States, carried more than 1,000,000 shipments.

Today Railway Express service is operated on ways. In 1929, the first full year of operation, approximately 213,000 miles of railway. 45,000 miles of airlines, 15,000 miles of motor carrier lines and on 20,000 miles of steamship routes. It employs over 57,000 men and women at its 23.000 offices and utilizes some 15,000 trucks. In serving business and industry in commercial and financial districts and the public in their homes, the Railway Express Agency, in 1940, handled 160,777,326 shipments.

Air express was inaugurated as a division of Railway Express Agency on September 1, 1927, over four airlines with approximately 4,450 miles of air

By contract with Pan American Airways, the air service of Railway Express Agency extends to the West Indies, Central and South America, the Pacific Islands and the Orient.

The Railway Express Agency has extended the air express service beyond the 250 airport cities in the U. S. to cover 20,000 off-airline points.

Automobile Production in the United States

Source: Automobile Manufacturers Association, Detroit, Mich.-Values, Wholesale

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*Includes federal excise taxes, also standard equipment in 1937, 1938 and 1939. A substantial part of the trucks reported comprises chassis only, without body; hence the value of bodies for these chassis is not included.

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means decrease; no sign in front of figures means increase.

U. S. AND WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY YEARS

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World Production and Exports of Motor Vehicles

Source: The United States Department of Commerce

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Total...... 64,100 Grand tot.. 18,800 23,525 7,064 $4,618 Proj. tot..

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402,459 11195,000

(2)

180,000

187 922 3,958 1,299 100 94 81,000 1050,000 (2)

(^)

1,044,652 404,148 190,919 56,033

4,777,370 5,096.486 501,953 332,624 5,044,510 5,554,312)

1 Not including foreign assemblies declared as parts for assembly. 2 Not available. 3 In addition, 200 Diesel engines. 4 First 8 months. 5 Sept. 1, 1939, to Dec. 31, 1940. First 6 months for Greater Reich. 7 First 7 months. s First 9 months. 9 First 3 months.

10 Exports of vehicles, including locomotives, ships, and aircraft, were valued at £29,490,023 in the first 11 months of 1940 and £39,086,192 in the year 1939.

Note-Table incomplete, as publication of import and export figures has been discontinued by most European countries, and it is impossible to obtain estimates.

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There is a Federal tax on gasoline now of 12 cents per gallon, which is in addition to the amounts set opposite the various States; that is to say where the State tax is cataloged at 4 cents there is an additional Federal tax of 12 cents which makes the total in that particular jurisdiction 52 cents.

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China, 71,140; Cuba, 46,817; Denmark, 164,830; Finland, 40,000; France, 2,398,500; Germany, 327,000; India, 123,400; Ireland, 67,426; Italian E. Africa, 60,000; Italy, 498,500; Japan, 119,050; Mexico, 105,470; Morocco (Fr.), 37,750; Netherlands, 164,430; Netherland E. Indies, 75,015; New Zealand, 268, 157; Norway, 99,326.

Philippines. 54,023; Portugal, 49,320; Spain, 123,300; Switzerland, 56,200; Union of So. Africa, 393,698.

United Kingdom, 2,429,580; Soviet Russia, 1,060,000; Uruguay, 45,765; Venezuela, 35.534. Total abroad, 12,818,937; world total, 45,376,891, compared to 45.422,411 in 1940.

U. S. HIGHWAY APPROPRIATIONS FOR YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1942
Source: Federal Works Agency

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Gasoline (motor fuel) consumed (sold) in the United States in 1940 totaled 24,167,190,000 gallons, as against 22,907,170,000 gallons in 1939. Losses by evaporation on the way to consumers amount to an average of more than 345 million gallons a year. New York consumption was 1,970,555,000 gallons; California, 1,948,880,000.

502

Automobile Accidents in U. S.-How Caused (1940)

Source: Travelers' Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.

TYPES OF ACCIDENTS RESULTING IN DEATHS AND INJURIES (1940)

Per
Pers.
Pers. Per
Killed Ct. Injured Ct.

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Fixed object. 290,400 22.0 Bicycle.

Automobile..

10,400 29.7

Horse-drawn vehicle.

70

.2

739.590 56.0 Non-collision
3,940 .3 Miscellaneous.

Railroad train..

2,070

5.9

Street car

140

.4

7,880 12,270

'6 .9

Total..

Other vehicle

100

.3

.4 5.220

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ACTIONS OF DRIVERS RESULTING IN DEATHS AND INJURIES (1940)

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Pers.
Pers. Per
Killed Ct. Injured

Per

Ct.

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ACTIONS OF PEDESTRIANS RESULTING IN DEATHS AND INJURIES (1940)

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Of the 35,000 persons killed in 1940, infants numbered 1,190; children (5-14 yrs.), 2,870; youths and grown-ups (15-64 yrs.), 25,410; old people (65 yrs. and over), 5,530.

Of the 1,320,000 persons injured in 1940, infants totaled 47,520; children, 183,480; youths and grown-ups, 1,025,640; old people, 63,360.

Of the 36,580 auto drivers in fatal accidents, 2,710 were females; of the 1,374,400 drivers in nonfatalities, 133,320 were females.

In fatal accidents, 3 per cent of the drivers were under 18 yrs., 27 per cent were aged 18-24; 3.5 per cent were 65 or over; 8 per cent had less than 3 mos. experience; 85.8 per cent of the fatal accidents occurred in clear weather, and in 77.7 per cent of the cases the road was dry; in 91.3 per cent the car was apparently in good condition.

Early morning and early evening (twilight) drivers got relatively the most victims.

Speed and its relation to cost-Speed is expensive, according to the insurance experts. "Take the average speed of 35 miles per hour," says one in the booklet Lest We Regret. "If you increase that average to 45, you will save a little over six hours in every thousand miles you drive. But it will cost you 65c for each hour you save. If you jump to 55, the difference in expense would be $1.20 an hour. About $12.45 a month for the average driver!

"It is also curious to note that these costs pile up at increased speeds somewhat after the startling On a 1,000-mile journey you could save but 2.8 hours by stepping fashion of Danger Units. After passing 45, for instance, you will save less and less time by increasing your speed; yet the expense soars. up your speed from 55 to 65, and you would pay almost $3.00 an hour for the time you saved."

Deaths in U. S. from Automobile Accidents
Source: United States Bureau of the Census; figures in the table exclude deaths due to collisions with
trains and street cars, and do not include deaths in motorcycle accidents.
These appear in the data beneath the table.

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Auto-train deaths (1933) 1,437; (1934) 1,457; (1935) 1,587; (1936) 1,697; (1937) 1,810; (1938) 1,489.
Auto-street car fatalities-(1933) 318; (1934) 332; (1935) 253; (1936) 269; (1937) 264; (1938) 165.
Motorcycle deaths-(1933) 285; (1934) 332; (1935) 346; (1936) 362; (1937) 364; (1938) 369.

Canadian Motor Vehicle Production-Combined
output of passenger cars in the United States and
Canada totaled 3,802,454 units, an increase of 28
per cent as compared with 2,975,165 in 1939. Most
of the increase was accounted for in the United
States, where production increased to 3,692,328
units from 2,866,796 units in 1939, or a gain of
about 29 per cent.

Output of passenger cars in Canada totaled

110,126 units, an increase of 1.6 per cent as compared with 108,369 in 1939.

The United States and Canada manufactured 17.5 per cent as compared with 757,553 in 1939. 889,884 trucks and buses in 1940, an increase of Output in the United States numbered 777,026, Canadian production numbered 112,858, against against 710,496 in 1939, a gain of 9 per cent; while 47,057, an increase of 140 per cent,

Year (Fiscal)

1915.. 1920.

The American Merchant Marine

Source: Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, U. S. Dept. of Commerce
Licensed Vessels Under 20 Gross Tons

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No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons 3,045 34,248 7,514 98,913 10,559 133,161 2,113 24.710 7.735 105,411 9.848 130,121 1,295 15,809 7,587 108,540 8,882 124,349 1,240 14,917 7,619 110.444 8.859 125,361 1,130 13,717 7,440 108,852 8,570 122,569 1,048 12,780 7,357 108,437 8,405 121,217 950 11,280 7,372 109,867 8,322 121,147 904 10,877 7,363 109,991 8,267 120,868 842 10,360 7,434 110,951 8,276 121,311 809 9.829 7,496 112,064 8,305 121,893 519 6,183 7,687 114,134 8,206 120,317 710 8,723 7,901 116,446 8,611 125,169 675 8.378 8,100 118,622 8,775 127,000 696 8.601 9,161 132,800 8,857 141,407 819 9,968 9.493 137,213 10,312 147,181 620 9.804 10,051 147,011 10,671 156,815 579 8,754 10,413 152,046 10,992 160,800 (Data not available) 11,067 160,048 1941 (Jan.) 499 7,225/10,637 153,967 11,136 161,192

1925 1926.

1927 1928 1929.

1930. 1931 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938.

1939.

1940

Total Merchant Marine (Gross Tons)

Sailing

Steam

Total No. Tons No. Tons No. I Tons 10.753 2,445,619 15,948 5,943,810 26,701 8,389,429 9.369 2.500,575 18,814 13.823,449 28,183 16,324,024 7,730 2,429,509 18,637 14,976,393 26,367 17,405,902 7,654 2,467,927 18,689 14.848.220 26,343 17,311,147 7,394 2,380.652 18,384 14,506,849 25,778 16,887,501 7,115 2,336,382 18,270 14,346,679 25,385 16,683,061 7,007 2,315,022 18,319 14,161,837 25,326 16,476,859 6,099 2,299,857 19,115 13,767,868 25,214 16,067,725 7,235 2,380,237 18,236 13,528,019 25,471 15,908,256 6,932 2,270,830 18,224 13,567.825 25,156 15,838,655 6,686 2,197,917 18,182 12,862,240 24,868 15,060,157 6,571 2,185,682 18.333 12,676,132 24,904 14,861,814 6,424 2,118,499 18,495 12,535,257 24,919 14,653,759 6,686 2,230,126 18,706 12.266,561 25,392 14,496,687 7,569 2,508,554 19,019 12,167.574 26,588 14,676,128 7.806 2,644,288 19.349 12.007,077 27,155 14,651,365 7,864 2,679,988 19,606 11,952,003 27,470 14,631,991 7,708 2,665.446 19,504 11,352,742 27,212 14,018,188 7,693 2,674,792 19,382 11,046,822 27,075 13,721,614

Included in the above on Jan. 1, 1941, were 38 canal boats (5,961 gross tons) and 7,138 barges (2,487,121 gross tons). Motor boats, included in steam, numbered 15,586 (1,233,284 gross tons).

The figures are no longer compiled on a fiscal year basis, but are now on a calendar year basis. Those for 1941 are as of Jan. 1.

The war has brought many changes and some confusion in classifications and ownerships, owing principally to changes in registration from one country to another.

Tonnage of Vessels Entered and Cleared at United States Ports

Source: U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce

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Gross tonnage applies to vessels and not to cargoes, and is determined by dividing by 100 the contents, in cubic feet, of the vessel's closed-in space.

Net tonnage is a vessel's gross tonnage minus deductions of space occupied by the crew's quarters, machinery for navigation, the engine room, storeroom and fuel.

The number of entrances practically balances the number of clearances, so that one-half of the total figures approximates either the entrances or the clearances.

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The data cover entrances in 1935; there is no later available comparative information.

Data for ports in the United States are compiled by the Department of Commerce, and by the Chief of Engineers. War Department.

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