Manual of Political EconomyMacmillan, 1874 - 607 стор. |
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Adam Smith advantage agricultural labourers agricultural produce American civil war amongst Australia bank notes Bank of England bills of exchange BOOK branch of industry cause cent chapter circulating capital circulation classes coal commerce commodities consequently considerable considered cooperative cotton creased cultivation demand diminished duction duty effect employed employers England English equalise exerted expensive exports farm farmer fertile foreign France greater Hence important income income-tax increased India individual influence instance invested iron labour and capital land landlord laws less levied loan machinery manufactured ment metayer nation obtained paid particular pauperism political economy population portion possess precious metals principle production of wealth purchase quantity raised rate of interest rate of profit realised regard remarked remuneration rent rise sacks of wheat saved secure silver society sumer supply supposed taxation tenant tion tivation trade value of gold wage-fund wages workmen
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Сторінка 497 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 497 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Сторінка 52 - ... the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many.
Сторінка 498 - Thirdly, by the forfeitures and other penalties which those unfortunate individuals incur who attempt unsuccessfully to evade the tax, it may frequently ruin them, and thereby put an end to the benefit which the community might have received from the employment of their capitals.
Сторінка 182 - Give a man the secure possession of a bleak rock, and he will turn it into a garden ; give him a nine years lease of a garden, and he will convert it into a desert.
Сторінка 528 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Сторінка 142 - The elephant is reckoned the slowest breeder of all known animals, and I have taken some pains to estimate its probable minimum rate of natural increase; it will be...
Сторінка 149 - Fifthly, the wages of labour in different employments vary according to the probability or improbability of success in them. The probability that any particular person shall ever be qualified for the employment to which he is educated is very different in different occupations. In the greater part of mechanic trades, success is almost certain; but very uncertain in the liberal professions. Put your son apprentice to a shoemaker...
Сторінка 54 - The habit of sauntering and of indolent careless application, which is naturally, or rather necessarily, acquired by every country workman who is obliged to change his work and his tools every half hour, and to apply his hand in twenty different ways almost every day of his life, renders him almost always slothful and lazy and incapable of any vigorous application even on the most pressing occasions.
Сторінка 289 - Congress has to appropriate for lost funds, it would be taking money out of one pocket and putting it into another.