long lever on the steering post is used to regulate the spark timing, while the shorter one controls the carburetor throttle. This is a somewhat unusual arrangement. The spark is retarded when the lever is nearest the operator.

Oakland Model 32.-The various parts comprising the control system of the Oakland Model 32 are shown at Fig. 54. As all parts are clearly indicated it is not necessary to describe their use to any extent. An inset is presented in the corner of the illustration so that the spark and throttle levers may be identi fied, as well as their proper position for starting the engine. The ignition switch is combined with the lighting switch and is operated by turning an ignition switch key. Pressing on the starting button located in the floor board with the right foot throws the electric motor in action and spins the gasoline engine. As is usual with the starting system, if the motor does not start at once the "strangler" button on the cowl board is pulled out. This closes the air intake of the carburetor and gives a mixture that should fire easily as long as the air intake is closed. This action is the same as priming the motor and should produce the desired result even in the coldest weather. As soon as the motor starts, close the throttle lever to prevent racing and advance the spark by moving the spark lever about two thirds of the way up on the quadrant. Of course, the gear shift lever must be in neutral position before starting the engine, and the emergency brake applied. The emergency brake is actuated by pulling back on the lever. The gear shift lever is moved over toward the driver and pulled back to obtain the low speed. It is pushed forward on the left-hand side to engage the reverse gears. The intermediate speed is obtained when the lever is in the forward right-hand position and the high speed when the lever is in the left-hand rear position.

The instructions given for the Model 32 apply as well to the Model 50 Oakland, or eight-cylinder type. The general arrangement of the control members is the same as in the smaller car, except for the type of switch used and the addition of the carburetor needle button to the usual carburetor choker button. The gear shift lever positions, however, are different than they

Fig. 55.-Control Group of Oakland Eight Cylinder Car.

are on the small car. The low speed gear is engaged when the lever is in the extreme right-hand forward position. The reverse gears are meshed if the lever is brought back to the rear of the right-hand slot. The second speed is obtained by rocking the lever to the left and pulling it back. The forward left-hand position engages the direct drive. The control system of the

larger model is shown at Fig. 55.

Overland 75.-The Overland Model 75 is a very popular car that has been sold in large quantities and which has a very simple control system. The illustration at the top of Fig. 56 shows the location of the spark and throttle levers at the top of the steering post, and the ignition and lighting switch attached to the steering column below the hand wheel. An oil gage is mounted on the cowl board below the ampere meter, which is at the right of the speedometer. As the gasoline tank is carried in the cowl, the filler cap projects through the cowl board, as indicated. Below the filler cap is the carburetor priming button. The lower view, at Fig. 56, shows the control lever assembly, which does not differ materially from current practice. In starting the motor, the ignition switch, which is the second button down on the steering column switch box, is pulled out. The gear shifting lever is placed in its neutral position and the spark and throttle levers are placed in the proper position for starting. Both levers move away from the driver to speed up the engine. For starting the spark lever should be set about 211⁄2 inches from the lowest position. The usual carburetor adjusting button should be pulled all the way out for starting in cold weather. It is left out till the motor warms up, after which it can be pushed down to its original position. All automobile makers caution against allowing the engine to race or run at excessive speeds without doing useful work. The racing tendency should be prevented by retarding the throttle lever until the motor turns slowly. The low speed position on this car is obtained by moving the lever to the left and pulling it back. If the lever is pushed forward the reverse gears are meshed. The forward position on the right-hand side gives the intermediate speed, while the rear placing of the lever on the right-hand side engages

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the direct drive. It is important never to go into the reverse motion while the car is moving forward.

The control group and important parts of the larger Overland model are shown at Fig. 57. The control of these cars is just the same as that of the Model 75, except that instead of the "cane" shift the speed changing lever works in a gate slot