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all control elements plainly designated, is shown at Fig. 38. In this the lighting and ignition switch is carried at the side of the steering column and below the steering wheel. The spark control lever is the short one on the top of the column, while the throttle lever is the longer one. The starter button is conveniently placed so it can be operated by the heel. Two levers.

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Fig. 38.-How Chalmers Light Six is Controlled.

are approximately in the center of the cowl board, one of these being a motor primer, the other a carburetor adjustment. At the right of the dash board is a group consisting of an oil pressure gage, a speedometer, ampere meter and dash lamp. An accelerator button is provided so the engine speed may be controlled independently of the throttle lever. The gear shift is of the "cane" type, while the clutch and service brake pedals are arranged in conventional manner. To start the engine it is necessary to prime the carburetor and set the carburetor adjustment for a rich mixture. The spark lever is advanced. about half way up on the segment and the throttle is also open about the same amount. Then turn on the ignition switch, make

sure the gear shift lever is in neutral and push down the starter button on the floor with the heel. As soon as the motor starts the pressure on the starter button is relieved and the spark and throttle levers are set so the motor idles quietly. The spark lever is left about two thirds advanced on the quadrant, while the throttle lever is pulled back toward the driver to a point where the engine does not race. If the engine does not run smoothly, the dash carburetor adjustment lever should be ma

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Fig. 39.-Control System of Cole Eight With All Parts Clearly

Indicated.

nipulated until the engine runs regularly. The operation of the clutch and gear shift levers follow conventional practice. The gear shift lever is moved toward the left and back toward the operator for the low speed. It is moved to the left and away from the operator to secure reverse motion. Moving the lever over to the right and pushing it forward gives the intermediate speed. Moving the lever from the intermediate speed back toward the operator will give the high gear. The spark is retarded and throttle is closed when the levers are pulled back toward the operator. The emergency brake is applied by pulling the lever back, and released by pushing it forward.

Cole Eight. The control group of the Cole eight-cylinder automobile, with all parts clearly indicated by numbers and a key giving the names of the various parts, is presented at Fig. 39. The first step in starting the engine is to pull the carburetor adjustment button on cowl board out half way. This is indicated as No. 4. Next pull the choker, No. 5, out all the way. Pull the throttle lever, which is No. 3, or the long one on top of the steering gear, down about two inches. Next move the spark control lever, which is the short one, or No. 2, down about one third of its travel. Bear in mind that the lever should always be in full retard position or at the top of the quadrant for hand cranking. Next unlock the ignition switch on the cowl board with a key provided for that purpose. Pull out button marked "Ign." on the switch, which is designated as No. 10 in the illustration. Next depress starting switch button in center of the board with the right foot. As soon as the motor starts, release the starting button, push the carburetor chock button all the way in and move No. 4 adjustment button into the point where the engine runs regularly. Release the hand brake and the car is ready to start. With this transmission, the gear shift lever is pushed to the right, and forward, to obtain low speed, and to the right and back for reverse. Moving the lever over to the left and forward engages the high speed; while pulling it back, when in the right-hand position, gives the intermediate speed.

Dort. As will be evident by referring to Fig. 40, the Dort

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Fig. 40.-Dort Cars Have a Simple Control System in Which Only One Hand Lever is Used. The Clutch Pedal Applies the Service Brake After Clutch is Released.

car has that type of control in which but one hand lever is provided. The clutch pedal serves to apply the service brake, while the pedal that is ordinarily used for the service brakes applies the emergency brake action. The cowl board has a carburetor adjustment at the extreme right and a simple type of switch having four buttons. One of these is used for dim light control, the other the bright lights. There are two buttons in the ignition part of the switch, one to apply, the other to release the switch. Spark and throttle levers are provided at the top of the steering column, the short one being the spark control, while the longer one regulates the throttle. The closed position is when the lever is at the extreme top. Before starting the car, advance the spark lever about half way and open the throttle by moving the throttle lever about an inch from the topmost position. This will open the carburetor sufficiently to start the motor. The next step is to pull out the carburetor adjustment or "choke," then to close the ignition circuit by pushing in the proper button on the ignition switch, after which the left heel is placed on the starter button to turn the engine over. It will not be necessary to use the choke in warm weather, but it will be advisable to pull it way out when trying to start the engine in cold weather. As soon as the engine starts, release the starting switch and close the throttle to the point where the engine will run smoothly. To release the emergency brake, press a little heavier at the bottom of the pedal pad than at the top to release the ratchet and allow the pedal to come back to normal position. As the left pedal operates the clutch and the service. brake as well, if this is its normal position the clutch will be engaged. A movement of two or three inches releases the clutch and a further movement applies the service brake. To obtain various speed changes, the shift lever is moved to the left and pulled back for slow speed, and moved to the left and pushed forward for reverse. To obtain second speed, the lever is pushed over to the right from the neutral position and moved forward. The direct drive or high speed is obtained by pulling the lever straight back from the second speed position.

Dodge Bros.-The arrangement of the control parts of the

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