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LIEBER'S "CIVIL LIBERTY AND SELF-GOVERNMENT "* No. 12. litical millenium have been dissipated by the frightful realities of revolutionary excess or the stern despotism of imperial sway. It is singular to contrast the hopeful tone which The most melancholy permanent result of these publicists adopted in regard to the prothe disturbances on the continent in 1848 is, gress of free principles, shortly after the without doubt, a growing distrust of all sys- downfall of the first Napoleon, with the timid. tems of popular government. Before that apology as now made for the atrocious absoperiod, with most thinking men the progress lutism of his imitator and successor. Says of free principles was identified with the ad- M. Guizot, in an introductory lecture delivvance of civilization; and the amelioration of ered by him as Professor of Modern History the material and moral condition of the race, at the College of France in 1830: "The at least in Western Europe, seemed to keep moral world, like the system of the heavenly pace with its increasing participation in the bodies, has its laws and its movements, the affairs of government. To all hopeful men, difference being simply that the secret of the dawn of a brighter day seemed advan- those laws is more profound, and that the cing-a day in which the political regenera- human mind has greater difficulty in penetration of the people was to be accomplished ting it. We have no need now, however, of without that fiery baptism of blood by which inferring from some imperfect and doubtful in former times their enfranchisement had hypothesis what has been in a political sense been attempted. But, alas! to-day how the tendency of European civilization. A changed the sentiment among those who system which evidently is founded on the labor in the field of political science. Men same principles, is developed from the same who have all their lives long been constitu- wants, and which aims at the same results, is forcing itself into notice throughout all tionalists-whose reputation as the foremost, men of their time has been achieved by their Europe. That system is representative gov efforts to bring about gradually a liberal sys- ernment, which is every where sought for, tem of government have been lost sight of, granted, established, and this fact is assuredtheir theories and principles submerged in ly neither an accident nor a passing caprice." Such is the type of the former pothe deluge which brought destruction to so litical opinions of many of those who are many hopes and illusions in 1848. Among the liberal political philosophers of former now loudest in their adulation of the reign of days there seems to have been a completely force, which has sway over the entire contistunning effect produced by the events of nent, and who, in contradiction to the whole that epoch. Looking back on the revolu- tenor of their former lives, now proclaim tionary period, its events seem to give the their adhesion to the "ideés Napoleoniennes" lie to the cherished principles and theories as the only means of rescuing society from the horrors of anarchy and dissolution. of their whole lives; where there was once hope and trust, there are now but despondency and terror. Their dreams of the po ful revolution. Not only, like Saturn, does Such is the powerful effect of unsuccessit destroy its own children, but its excesses * Civil Liberty and Self-Government. By Francis produce a reaction, in which all true princiLieber, LL.D., C. M. French Institute, etc. Author of “Political Ethies,” Principles of Legal and Political ple is lost sight of, and nothing but the inInterpretation," Essays on Labor and Property," "On stinct of self-preservation is listened to. By Criminal Law," "Reminiscences of Niebuhr," Editor of the events of 1848 on the continent, the great "Penitentiary System in the United States by De Beauconstitutional party was blotted from existmont and De Tocqueville," etc., etc., in Two Volumes. Philadelphia. 1853. ence, and all hope of the establishment of 77 66 VOL. XIX---90 |