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How Capital originates
45
46 Productive Coöperation of the Three Factors
46
The Three Great Periods of a Nations Economy
47
Critical History of the Idea of Productiveness
48
INTRODUCTION
49
The Same Subject continued
50
CHAPTER I
51
Idea of Productiveness
52
The Same Subject continued
53
Economic Goods
54
The Degree of Productiveness
55
Three Classes of Goods
56
Its Extent at Different Periods
57
Advantages of the Division of Labor
58
Economic ValueValue in
59
Influence of the Extent of the Market on the Division of Labor
60
Means of Increasing the Division of Labor
61
Dark Side of the Division of Labor
62
Value in Exchange Free Goods 6 Alleged Contradiction between Value in Use and Value in Exchange
63
Resources or Means
65
Valuation of Resources 9 Wealth
66
THEORY OF POPULATION
67
Signs of National Wealth
70
Economy Husbandry
73
Grades of Economy in Common
77
Socialism and Communism
78
Socialism and Communism continued
79
So Socialism and Communism continued 81 Community of Goods
81
Organization of Labor
82
Organization of Labor continued
83
Political Economy Idea of an Organism 14 Origin of a Nations Economy
84
Diseases of the Social Organism
85
Right of Inheritance continued
86
POSITION OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE CIRCLE OF RELATED SCIENCES 16 Political or National Economy
87
Sciences relating to National LifeThe Science of Public Economy The Science of Finance
91
Statistics
93
Private Economy Cameralistic Science
95
Private Economy continued
97
What Political Economy treats
99
CHAPTER III
102
Demand Indispensable Goods
103
Influence of Purchasers Solvability on Prices
104
Supply
105
The Idealistic Method
106
The Idealistic Method continued 25 The Idealistic Method continued
107
Effect of a Rise in Price much above Cost
108
Effect of a Decline in Price below Cost
109
Different Costs of Production of the same Goods The Same Subject continued
110
The Historical MethodThe Anatomy and Physiology of National Economy
111
Advantages of the Historical or Physiological Method
112
Advantages of the Historical Method
113
Prices Fixed by Government
114
Practical Character of the Historical Method
115
CHAPTER III
116
BOOK I
117
Different Kinds of Money
118
Meaning of Production CHAPTER I
119
Factors of ProductionExternal Nature
120
The Sea Climate
121
Value in Exchange of Money
122
Quantity of Money a Nation Needs
123
Same Subject continued
124
Uniformity of the Value in Exchange of the Precious Metals
125
Gifts of Nature with Value in Excnange
126
127 Measure of Prices
127
External Nature continued
128
The Precious Metals the Best Measure of Prices
129
History of the Prices of the Chief Wants of Life
130
The Same Subject continued
131
The Same Subject continued
132
Elements of Agricultural Productiveness 36 Further Divisions of Natures Gifts
133
The Same Subject continued
134
Geographical Character of a Country
135
Labor Classes of Labor
138
Taste for Labor PieceWages
139
ReceiptsIncome Product
144
Labor Power of Individuals 41 Estcem in which Labor is held
145
156 Influence of Advancing Civilization on Rent
156
Influence of Improvements in the Art of Agriculture on Rent
157
History of Rent in Periods of Decline
158
Rent and the General Good
159
CHAPTER III
160
Minimum of Wages
161
Cost of Production of Labor
162
CHAPTER II
163
The Coöperation of Labor
164
The Demand for Labor
165
Price of Common Labor
166
Difference of Wages in different Branches of Labor
167
The Same Subject continued V
168
Effect of the Disagreeableness of certain Classes of Labor on Wages
169
Influence of Custom on Wages
170
History of the Wages of Common Labor in the Lower Stages of Civilization
171
History of the Wages of Common Labor in Flourishing Times
172
History of the Wages of Common Labor in Flourishing Na tions
173
History of the Wages of Common Labcr in Declining Coun tries and Times
174
Effect of Increased Demand for Loans
183
History of the Rate of Interest
184
RENT OF LAND
185
Causes of a High Rate in Thriving Commercial Nations
186
Emigration of Capital VOL I
187
188 Effect of a Low Rate on Stationary Nations
188
InterestPolicy Legitimateness of Interest
189
Aversion to Interest
190
InterestPolicy The Canon Law
191
Interest PolicyGovernment Interference Fixed Rates
192
Efforts to avoid the Evil Effects of a Fixed Rate of Interest
193
Repeal of the Usury Laws
194
The Reward of Enterprise
195
Circumstances on which the Undertakers Profit Depends 196 a Having the Lead
196
CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE THREE BRANCHES OF INCOME 197 Influence of the Branches of Income on the Price of Com modities
197
Remedy in Case One Factor of Production has become dearer
198
Influence of Foreign Trade
199
Influence of the Branches of Income on the Price of Com modities
200
Harmony of the Three Branches of Income Individual Differences in them
201
Necessity of the Feeling of a Common Interest
202
203 Effect of an Equal Division of the National Income
203
Principle of Stability or of the Continuity of Work
204
Healthy Distribution of the National Income
205
Advantages of Large Enterprises
206
CHAPTER IV
207
Notional Consumption
208
Consumption the Work of Nature
209
210 Necessity of Considering what is really Consumed
210
Production Impossible without Consumption
211
The Want of Freedom 70 Emancipation
212
Equilibrium between Production and Consumption
213
Causes of an Increase of Production
214
Necessity of the Proper Simultaneous Development of Pro duction and Consumption
215
Disadvantages of Slavery
216
The Same Subject continued
217
Prodigality and Frugality
218
Effect of an Advance in Civilization on Slavery
219
The Same Subject continued 74 The Same Subject continued 75 The Same Subject continued
220
When Saving is Injurious Limits to the Saving of Capital
221
Spendthrift Nations
222
The Most Detrimental Kind of Extravagance
223
224 Luxury in General LUXURY
224
History of LuxuryIn the Middle Ages
225
Luxury of Barbarous Times
226
Influence of the Church and the City
227
Luxury in Flourishing Times
228
The Domestic Servant System
229
Condition Precedent of this Luxury
230
When the Effects of Luxury are Favorable
231
Character of Luxury in Declining Nations
232
LuxuryPolicy
233
History of Sumptuary Laws
234
Difficulty of Enforcing Sumptuary Laws
235
Expediency of Sumptuary Laws
236
237 Insurance in General 237 a Mutual and Speculative Institutions 237 b Economic Advantages of Insurance Fire Insurance
237
Increase of Population in General
238
Limits to the Increase of Population
239
Influence of an Increase of the Means of Subsistence
240
Effect of Wars on Population
241
Tendencies counter to the Increase of Population
242
Opponents of Malthus
243
History of Population in Barbarous Times
244
Community of Wives Polygamy
245
History of Population in highly Civilized Times
246
The Same Subject continued
247
The Same Subject continued
248
History of Population in Periods of Decline
249
Influence of the Sacredness of Marriage on Population
250
Polygamy Exposure of Children
251
Positive Decrease of Population
252
PopulationPolicyOverpopulation
253
The Ideal of Population
254
Means of Promoting Fopulation
255
Immigration
256
Influence of Hygienic Police
257
Means of Checking Population Placing Impediments in the way of Marriage
258
Emigration
259
Colonizing Emigration
260
State aid to Emigration
261
Emigration and Pauperism 262 a Temporary Emigration
262
Landed Property continued
264
CHAPTER VI
268
Effects of Credit
270
DebtorLaws
274
History of Credit Laws
276
Means of Promoting Credit
279
Letters of Respite
283
BOOK II
287
CHAPTER I
289
Rapidity of Circulation
290
Freedom of Competition
293
How Goods are Paid
297
Freedom of Competition and International Trade
299
CHAPTER II
303
Effects of the Struggle of Opposing Interests on Price
304
149 Theory of Rent
320

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Principles of Political Economy, Том 1
Wilhelm Roscher,Louis Wolowski,John Joseph Lalor
Повний перегляд - 1878
Principles of Political Economy, Том 1
Wilhelm Roscher,Louis Wolowski,John Joseph Lalor
Повний перегляд - 1878
Principles of Political Economy, Том 1
Wilhelm Roscher,Louis Wolowski,John Joseph Lalor
Повний перегляд - 1878
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Загальні терміни та фрази

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Бібліографічна інформація

НазваPrinciples of Political Economy, Том 1
Principles of Political Economy, Wilhelm Roscher
The Evolution of capitalism
АвториWilhelm Roscher, Louis Wolowski, John Joseph Lalor
РедакторLouis Wolowski
ПерекладJohn Joseph Lalor
ВидавецьHenry Holt, 1878
Оригінал ізУніверситет Вісконсин-Медісон
Оцифровано22 чер. 2009
  
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