A Pack of Lies: Towards a Sociology of LyingCambridge University Press, 9 черв. 1994 р. - 200 стор. Defining lies as statements that are intended to deceive, this book considers the contexts in which people tell lies, how they are detected and sometimes exposed, and the consequences for the liars themselves, their dupes, and the wider society. The author provides examples from a number of cultures with distinctive religious and ethical traditions, and delineates domains where lying is the norm, domains that are ambiguous and the one domain (science) that requires truthtelling. He refers to experimental studies on children that show how, at an early age, they acquire the capactiy to lie and learn when it is appropriate to do so. He reviews how lying has been evaluated by moralists, examines why we do not regard novels as lies and relates the human capacity to lie to deceit among other animal species. He concludes that although there are, in all societies, good pragmatic reasons for not lying all the time, there are also strong reasons for lying some of the time. |
Зміст
What is a lie? | 1 |
LYING AND DECEPTION | 10 |
Where lies are expected | 20 |
WARFARE | 23 |
POLITICS | 30 |
Ambiguous domains | 36 |
ADVERTISING | 44 |
BUREAUCRACIES | 47 |
PARTNERS | 82 |
RELATIONS OF DOMINATION | 83 |
RELATIONS OF SUBORDINATION | 84 |
Selfdeception and connivance in deceit | 87 |
CONNIVANCE | 98 |
Telling and detecting lies | 103 |
HOW TO TELL LIES | 108 |
LANGUAGE | 115 |
HISTORY AND TRADITION | 49 |
HARMLESS AND NOTSOHARMLESS LIES | 51 |
Science | 55 |
SOCIAL SCIENCE | 57 |
Cultural diversity | 65 |
LEBANON | 70 |
GREECE | 72 |
SOCIAL CLASS | 75 |
Relations | 79 |
OUTSIDERS | 80 |
HOW TO DETECT LIES | 117 |
Benign untruths the discourse of fiction | 122 |
Evaluations | 136 |
Do we have to have lies? | 147 |
OPTIMAL ARRANGEMENTS | 155 |
CONCLUSION | 165 |
169 | |
193 | |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
ability accepted achieve adults advertising American anthropologist Arendt argues attempt become believe black propaganda Boulay Burundi called century claim connivance context court cultural deception DePaulo and Jordan detect lies discussed disinformation distinction domains enemy ethical ethnographic evaluation evidence example expected fact false fantasy fiction Gilsenan H. L. Mencken Hannah Arendt honest human inquiry instance intention to deceive Jim Hacker kind Klockars language least liar and dupe Liar Paradox lies told lying Machiavellian intelligence Machiavellian skill mass media Max Black moral mythomania novel one's Pentagon Papers perhaps person police political politicians present pretending psychologists readers refer relations reports reprinted by permission responses Sarakatsani says self-deception self-delusion Simmel Sissela Bok social science societies sociological sometimes speak statements success tell lies tell the truth Trivers true trust trying to deceive Vietnam War Werth and Flaherty whereas writing
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