Coltoun, "and the University is the great factory for turning out these quacks." GREEK SCIENCE EMPIRICAL As a plain matter of fact, learning Greek does not educate now, although in the past, when the Teuton was in his infancy, it helped to develop his intellect very largely. But the time for benefiting by a study of Greek learning has passed away, and Greek and other ancient literature must now be studied critically instead of reverentially, if it is to be of any service to the public. But the history, language, philosophy and religion, of other ancient races-the Jew and Arab, the Hindoo, Chinese, Egyptian, etc., are quite as well worthy of study as those of the Greek or Latin, and if any benefit is to be derived from this study it must be independent of, and not subsidiary to, the study of Greek. It is with literature as it has been with medicine and other sciences. The medicine of the Greek was empirical, and it was not until the Teuton rejected Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen as authorities, and evolved a science of medicine of his own, that he advanced so far as he has towards establishing a true science. The medicine of the Greeks and Latins was inferior to that of the Arabs and Jews, as their astronomy was also inferior to that of these people. It is doubtful whether the Greek medicine would compare favourably with that of the Hindoos, or their astronomy with that of the Egyptians or Chaldeans. In these, as in other sciences in which the Teuton has freed himself from Greek influence, he has made enormous strides forward; while in literature, in which his mind is carefully cramped down to the Greek level, the advance has been made as a rule by those who have "little Latin and less Greek." Many of the Anglo-Saxon writers who have become famous, and who have had the strongest influence in developing the Anglo-Saxon character, knew little or nothing of the Greeks or Latins. THE GREEK AS A PLAGIARIST When the Greek student ceases to be a mere eulogist, and gives the public a true and impartial criticism of Greek science and literature, showing their relations to those of the races from whom the Greeks gained their earliest acquaintance with the arts and sciences, and then shows the connection between Greek and Teutonic science, with the point at which the Teuton developed his science to a higher excellence than the Greek had attained to, and thus made it his own, he will render a magnificent service to his race. Sir George Macfarren has done this with regard to music, but each of the other branches of our art and science is awaiting a similar service. Hitherto the work of the Greeks of our Universities has been almost worthless, because it does not convey a true idea of what the Greek really was at his best, and also at his worst. It suggests the idea that a man who knows more about the Athens or Rome of two thousand years ago than he does of the London, New York, or Sydney, of to-day is an ignorant man in spite of his erudition, his apt quotation and his grammatical purity. It is because such histories of the evolutions of each branch of our science and art have not yet been written that it is impossible, at the present time, to write out a complete history of the Anglo-Saxon. It is because the Greek was developing the science of his own race at the time of Demosthenes and Pericles that he appears to the student as far more interesting than he does later, when he was elaborating his religion on the basis of an alien philosophy. In the first period he was doing original work while in the second he was a plagiarist, and thus it is with the University Greeks of the present day. The more eminent a man becomes as a Greek scholar the more he cuts himself off from his own race and becomes a mere plagiarist, an imitator, a parodist. THE AGE OF THE RACES All this goes towards proving that the Greek and Latin developed to mature manhood at an earlier stage than the Teuton and is therefore more childish than the Teuton. But the fact that the Greek was not so far advanced in science and art beyond the Arab and Jew, the Hindoo, the Chinese, and perhaps some other races or branches of races, as the Teuton is beyond the Greek, seems to suggest that there is no such wide interval between the dates of the births of these races as between any one of them and the Teutons. The Greeks and Latins formulated their religion eighteen centuries ago, the Arabs some seven centuries later, while the Jews formulated Judaism, as it is to-day, later still under Moses Maimonides. The Buddhist period began in the ninth century B.C., but was not an established religion until 65 A.D.; while Lao Tsze, the founder of Taoism, the popular religion of China, had an interview with Keng Foo Tsze (Confucius) in 517 B.C., and the other great philosopher Meng Tseu (Mencius) lived nearly a century later. It seems, therefore, that these races must be considered to be more or less contemporaneous, that is to say that their active periods overlap. If we may take the formulation of the race religion as a sign of the date at which the race is at its highest development, we must regard the Chinese as some centuries only before the Hindoos, these some centuries only before the Greeks, and these, again, some centuries only before the Arabs and Jews. But in none of these cases is there an interval of about 2 1 "" Encyclopaedia Britannica," Art. India. 1 eighteen centuries, as there is between the Greeks and the Teutons. There is no difficulty in this simultaneous or contemporaneous development of great races in ancient times, as there would be to-day, because the world was so much larger then than it is now. It is the science of our race which has brought the ends of the world together, and before the application of steam to transit two great races might have been born and have grown to maturity not very far apart, judged by our present standard of distance, without serious contact. There was plenty of room, for instance, for the Melanochroi to develop without contact with the Chinese, and with very little with the Hindoos, but not with the Arabs; and it is worthy of note, as supporting the suggestion that the Arab is a younger race than the Greek, that not even from the earliest to the latest times have the Greeks or Latins been able to oppose the Arabs successfully in the field, notwithstanding that both these branches of the Melanochroi were warriors and that the Latin branch established the greatest military empire on record. The Arabs broke up the Eastern Empire, the Moorish branch of the race conquered Spain, and these two branches of the Semites would no doubt have conquered Rome but for the Teutons, Slavs, Huns and others who fought for her as well as for themselves. As we proceed to trace out the characteristics of the Latins and the Teutons we shall find futher evidence in support of this view; in the meantime, it seems that in all cases the younger race is more highly developed than the older and is superior to it both mentally and physically. CHAPTER IV THE UNITY OF THE HUMAN FAMILY EVIDENCE OF DESIGN IN NATURE IN the slow and gradual evolution of man from the anthropoid ape, covering as it does some hundreds of thousands of years, and always advancing from the lower to the higher, it is impossible to avoid recognising the evidences of design, and realising that the unknown power which has previously moulded the Jew, the Latin, the Hindoo, the Polynesian, and the Australian, is now moulding the Anglo-Saxon and the Teuton, according to some well-defined laws of which we at present have but a dim conception. But we may go farther than this, and see that the same Power which is developing the characteristics of our race also developed the ant, the bee, the bird, and the mammal. The Teuton has, by reason of his superior powers of observation, gained a greater knowledge of the operation of these laws than any of the older races, but they were not wholly unrecognised by these races. In the story of the child Samuel we may recognise the Jewish idea of the working of this Power. The Spirit of the Lord was believed to speak through the child. The prophets were inspired in a similar manner. Thus the belief in Divine revelation was probably due to observation of the growth of the race spirit in children and others, and these inspired persons were reverenced as prophets. The Greek mind is coarser, more materialistic than that of the Jew, and |