must depend on him or herself and must decide according to his or her own predilections and feelings. There are, no doubt, numbers of Anglo-Saxons all over the world who will accept this responsibility more or less willingly and will decide at once, while others will hesitate, and some may postpone the inquiry, and thus shift the responsibility on to their children. But what appears to be specially necessary is time for a calm and independent study of the questions raised by this study of our race. There should be no childish impatience on the part of any section of Anglo-Saxons. Our history affords us many instances of the evil of forcing on reforms before the masses are prepared for them. I have mentioned the comparative failure of the Civil War in England from this cause, and I shall adduce other examples in the following chapters which emphasize this. No doubt some of the more glaring evils may be dealt with provisionally, but nothing should be forced until the masses are sufficiently educated by careful introspection to know what is in accordance with the spirit of their race and what is not. As I have already said, it is public opinion which decides the form of government, the social, political, ethical and economical conditions, and as the Anglo-Saxon spirit grows and strengthens it will create a public opinion which will make any desired reform easy. What is necessary is that we should know ourselves, and it is with the hope that the discussion which is sure to follow the publication of this study of the Anglo-Saxon will increase our knowledge of ourselves that I have written this work. It is not because I myself believe that what I have said is true that all the opinions I have advanced should necessarily be accepted by others. As I have said, each person must decide for him or herself as to what is true, and it is only when a large number of individuals agree on the principal points under discussion that a change will take place in public opinion, and what may be called the racial ideal

evolved. But just as we can do little to assist our friends in this introspection, so the Anglo-Saxons of one country can do very little to assist those of any other country except by example. But if the people of Great Britain cannot help those of Australia or America, or vice versa, to any good purpose it must be still more apparent that they cannot assist the Teutons of France, Germany, Sweden, or Norway, or any other country inhabited by people of the Xanthochroic race in their revolt against Melanochroic rule. Each section of our race must work out its own salvation for itself, as each individual must sooner or later choose between the dead past and the living future. And my object is to pave the way to a discussion which will in the end disclose the truth. I may be mistaken in some of the details. I may have overlooked evidence, or I may be ignorant of particulars bearing upon the case. If so some one will no doubt point out these errors of omission or commission and elicit the truth. That is all I wish for. Like many others I see no hope in the beliefs of the present. The existence of evil proves that our laws, our customs, our religions are not based on truths but on falsehoods, and in order to discover the truth if possible it is necessary to, as the Australians say, "get down to the bed rock" of our beliefs, and in discovering the differences which distinguish race from race, I fancy I have at last found the bed rock on which we may build in the future without fear of results.

CHAPTER XIII

SOME CLASSES OF SOCIETY

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TEUTON

I HAVE thus far refrained from describing the characteristics of the Teuton or the Anglo-Saxon because, firstly, the race to which he belongs is still in its youthful stage, and his character is not yet fully developed, and secondly, because he appears to me to be already so far superior to the Latin or Greek that, belonging as I do to this race, a particular analysis of the racial characteristics by myself might appear to savour somewhat of egotism. As this book is specially written for Anglo-Saxons, and will have no interest for Latins, Greeks, Arabs or the people of any of the older races, I preferred to leave each one of my readers to analyse his or her own character and to decide which of his or her characteristics he or she owes to the Latin, and which to the Teuton or Anglo-Saxon. There are, however, some obvious characteristics of the Teuton or AngloSaxon which differentiate him from the Greek or Latin, and it seems necessary to refer to the more prominent of these. The Teuton is far more truthful than the Greek or Latin, and this has been recently recognised by the Governments of Anglo-Saxon countries so far as to permit of his making affirmations in courts of law and other places instead of taking an oath. Perhaps when his character has fully developed, and the natural truthfulness, which distinguishes him from the majority of the older

races, is encouraged and developed, instead of being repressed by his education, as it is at present, it will be found possible to trust to his bare word.

TEUTONIC ADAPTABILITY

The Teuton is said to be dull, heavy, sluggish, boorish; but we have to realise that his character has been hitherto written by his enemies and not by himself. In some respects he compares unfavourably with the Latins-in vivacity and imagination, for instance-but as he is more truthful, so he is more conscientious, more painstaking, more observant, more logical. In fact the Latin is, as compared with the Teuton, a wayward boy, very charming and lovable when he is in a good humour, but prone to mischief, and subject to fits of passion, during which he is reckless, terrible and cruel. The Teuton is only subject to such fits when he is completely under Latin influence. As he emancipates himself from Latin rule, he shows himself capable of self-control in a higher degree than any of the older races. I have already said that in his early life he showed a strong love of freedom and liberty, which he lost. under the rule of the Latin, but which reappeared in the form of a strong desire to govern himself, to free himself from coercion ; and this seems to suggest that the character of a young race is largely influenced by the discipline to which the race is subjected when it falls under the control of a more matured race. The new race seems to assimilate what is congenial to it in the older race, and to be repelled by what is repugnant to it, so that the racial characteristics are strengthened, or in some cases perhaps even created, by the discipline through which it passes in its youth. The race in fact appears to be born, like a baby, with a mind which may be compared to a clean sheet of paper, but with certain characteristics inherited from its parent races, which may be strengthened or

altered by its education. The Teutons, for instance, are easily impressed and very adaptable. It is this quality which makes them such valuable colonists. An adult native of Germany, England, Sweden, Norway, or other Teutonic country, who emigrates, remains a loyal subject of his native country to the day of his death; but his children, born in the new land, are not Germans, or English, or Scandinavians, but Americans, Canadians, or Australians, as the case may be. I have known hundreds of cases in Australia where the German parents speak German to their children and these persist in answering in English. If the children are reproached with refusing to speak the language of their parents, they invariably reply to the effect that they are not Germans but Australians, and that they "don't like" or perhaps even "hate" German. In America it is well known that Germans, English, and Scandinavians, become Americans in the first generation, while the Irish and the Scots require two or three generations before they are absorbed into the general population. In Canada the French remain more French than the French themselves, although they have been scarcely at all renewed from France. Sir Charles Dilke says that the English in Ireland are more Irish than the Irish, and this is strictly in accordance with what is observed of the race elsewhere. The Germans born in France have a greater hatred to Germany than the French themselves. Witness Sarah Bernhardt's refusal to play in Germany.

ON LOYALTY

When an Englishman talks of Australians as being loyal to England, he merely shows his ignorance of the race to which he belongs. The Australian is no more loyal to England than the American was or the Irishman is. He is determined to govern

1 "Greater Britain."