work, as far as it relates to these little creatures; but with the conclusions at which he has arrived-namely, that man is constrained by the natural laws to work for the benefit of future races, and that he is under the operation of these laws, being gradually brought to the highest development of which he is capableI cordially agree. Moreover it is a remarkable testimony to the unity of the science of evolution, that two observers working from such different starting points as the bee and the man should be led practically to the same goal. If the publication of this work should enable us to approach the study of the characteristics of our race from a more accessible point-should enable us to form a clearer conception of our aspirations and requirements, and lead us to a higher conception of the great First Cause it will have served the purpose for which it was written. G. E. B. THE ANGLO-SAXON A STUDY IN EVOLUTION CHAPTER I HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY ALLIED SCIENCES THE GROWTH OF PUBLIC OPINION IT is a matter of notoriety that for many generations past public opinion has been gradually but persistently changing, with the result that dogmas, doctrines and tenets of belief, historical questions, even popular aphorisms and proverbs, once accepted as articles of faith, are now being re-examined and in many cases rejected as no longer true. I say no longer true advisedly, because whatever recommends itself as true to the community is de facto true, but it ceases to be so as soon as its truth is doubted. Such assertions as that the sun gives out light and heat, that fire burns, and that frost numbs, are accepted as true by all men, and therefore their truth cannot be questioned. But apart from such selfevident truths as these, about which there can be no dispute, there are numbers of very important questions, on the right answering of which the welfare and happiness of the community largely depends, about which there is no such universal agreement. One of the reasons, perhaps the principal one, for this divergence of public opinion appears to be the mental and intellectual differences to be found in the various races or varieties of the human family, which prompt the men of these races to approach these questions from different standpoints. In order, therefore, to understand the attitude of men of different races with regard to important questions, it is essential that we should have some reliable knowledge of the mental and intellectual qualities peculiar to each of these races. If we can obtain this knowledge we shall be in a position to ascertain the reasons why one race differs from another on, say, religious questions, and to arrive at a just and satisfactory basis for our own beliefs. But, before we can gain this knowledge, it is necessary that we should divide the human family into races or subraces in accordance with the characteristics, mental as well as physical, of the people. HUMAN NATURE It has been said that human nature is the same all the world over, whether the skin be black or white, and this is true in that there are certain physical and mental characteristics common to all men; but it is in the distribution of these common characteristics and the possession of other characteristics which are not common that the division of the human family must depend, and in making this division it is quite as important to note the mental as the physical characteristics, because mind is quite as important a factor in differentiating man from man as matter. "Even within great and well defined races themselves there are clearly marked varieties. Thus the white race consists of two distinct types, the fair whites and the dark whites, the former prevailing in Northern Europe and the latter in Southern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa; the con |