The Rev. H. H. Jones then read a paper on the supposed determination of a central sun by Mädler. The last twelve months, he proceeded, might, without figure or exaggeration, be designated the annus magnus' of astronomical discovery. During that period, comets, planets, satellites, and unnumbered thousands of starry orbs, had been discovered; but by no means the least interesting achievement of the present period, if it should be confirmed, was that of Professor Mädler, said to be the result of seventeen years' patient study and observation. The presumed discovery was that of the position of a central sun, around which the various systems composing our sidereal heavens are all in a state of orbitual circulation. Madler considered Alcyoné, one of the brightest stars in the centre of the Pleiades, either to be this sun, or to occupy the locality of the great focus of sidereal attraction; and he concluded that around this common centre of gravitation, thirty-four millions of times as far from us as we are from our own sun, our whole solar system performed a complete revolution in 18,200,000 years. This conception was a most magnificent one; and if, as was possible, it was a fact, it was undoubtedly the greatest fact that was ever presented in a tangible shape to the human mind. After reading a portion of the Report of the Royal Astronomical Society upon this subject, Mr Jones said, that while he by no means repudiated the probability of Madler's hypothesis, neither was he disposed to receive it with implicit confidence in its truth. The idea that the solar system had not only a rotatory, but a progressive motion, or a motion of translation in space, was not new. Captain Smyth, president of the Royal Astronomical Society, thought that Lucretius referred to this motion; but he (Mr Jones) thought that the language of this writer, who flourished in the century preceding the Christian era, was so vague, as to leave it in doubt whether he entertained anything like the modern idea on this subject. But after the discoveries of Newton, the hypothesis became widely prevalent, and gradually assumed a more definite aspect. Dr Halley, who died in 1742, distinctly recognised it; Lambert, who wrote in 1761, completely anticipated Mädler's general views; and Flamstead, Mayer, Dr Wilson, Herschel, and Mossotti, had all speculated more or less upon the subject. The idea of progressive movement amongst the sidereal systems seemed to have been derived from two or three different sources. First, it was thought highly probable that our own sun, and consequently the solar system, had a motion of translation in space, and then, by analogy, all other systems. It was supposed that if all bodies in the free space gravitated towards each other, all must be in a state of motion; and when it was shown that the sun revolved upon its axis, it was immediately concluded that the same impulse which produced rotation must also produce a motion of translation in space. On such an assumption several mathematicians calculated in what point a globe must be struck to make it whirl round and move forward with certain given velocities, and found that, to cause our earth by a single impulse to turn on its axis in twenty-four hours, and move forward in its orbit at its known velocity, the point of percussion must be twenty-five miles from the centre. Though, mathematically considered, this was no doubt a very interesting question, when adduced as an explanation of celestial phenomena it was a sheer absurdity. The most plausible reason for believing that the solar system had a progressive motion in space, was the fact of an apparent change in the relative positions of some of the fixed stars. Impressed with this idea, Sir William Herschel made many observations, and ultimately concluded that the solar system had a motion of translation towards the star Zeta in the constellation Hercules. Bessel, however, stated that there was no point in the heavens towards which he could discover any such tendency. More recently, Agelander had revived the investigation; and his conclusions, though by no means free from difficulties and doubts, nearly coincided with those of Herschel. Mädler, however, was not merely unwilling to abandon the hypothesis, but had made some specific additions to it, distinctly stating the amount of distances, velocities, and periodic times, and pointing out the precise locality of the great central sun. The solution of this question depended entirely upon the precise determination of the places and proper motion of the fixed stars; and this could only be done by the united aid of excellent instruments, numerous observers, and the lapse of long periods of time. The particulars which demanded attention in all exact astronomical observations were re

fraction, precession, nutation, aberration, obliquity of the ecliptic, the uncertainty of ancient observations, instrumental imperfections, personal equation, and sidereal parallax. Upon these the learned speaker made some impor tant observations, and proceeded to say that inattention to a single particular just specified, would be sufficient to vitiate the whole process of calculation in a case like the present. It was not from prejudice, timidity, or instinctive antipathy that he (Mr Jones) demurred to the reception of Mädler's hypothesis, but because he believed that the data from which it had been deduced were quite inade quate for the purpose. If, however, Mädler should be finally able to maintain his views, we should think him a much greater man than we otherwise should have done had we not been aware of the obstacles with which he had to contend.

The chairman said, that Mr Jones spoke doubtingly of the observations which had been made by Mädler being applied correctly to the investigation of the very important question of a central sun; we should, however, remember how very correct views had been taken, on matters of astronomy, upon very little evidence. Pythagoras took a very correct view of the solar system, with no strong evidence to support his view. The promulgation of Mädler's supposed discovery would cause persons to investigate, more than they otherwise might have done, the exact situation of many stars, and particularly the position relatively to each other of those stars which were called double and treble stars, in order to see if they maintained the same relative position for a number of years. Even then, if nothing important immediately resulted from Mädler's views, they might in this way be productive of advantage to the progress of astronomy.

Mr Charles Pountney said, that if the whole sidereal heavens were in a state of revolution round a central sun, that implied a periphery or external circumference, beyond which there was either finite or infinite space. All our ideas and observations went to show that space was infinite; but if it was in a state of revolution round a centre, there must be a periphery. Would they, then, limit the sidereal heavens to a finite orb, or say that infinite space revolved round a single centre? If it was said that it did not revolve round one centre, but that there was another centre beyond that that we could see, then there might be a great many centres; and if so, there was no necessity for the very one contemplated by Mädler.

Mr Atkinson thought that Mädler professed to have discovered, not the central sun, but 'a' central sun. Mädler's idea was not to limit infinite space, but that the different bodies in space were arranged in groups, each revolving round its own centre of gravity. The central sun which Mädler believed himself to have discovered, was the centre around which the stellar group, of which our solar system was a part, revolved.

The chairman did not think that, if it could be proved, as Mädler had suggested, that there was a centre around which the stars which we observed, or could observe, moved, that that implied a limit of the universe. The universe was not limited to what we could conceive. He believed Mädler meant by the central sun, the centre of the stars that we could see. The Rev. H. H. Jones said that Mädler expressly designated his discovery the discovery of 'the' central sun. Mr Atkinson thought that neither Mädler nor any one else could say, with their means, that they had discovered 'the' central sun.

The Rev. H. H. Jones said that Mädler, in his paper, contended that the stars were pretty uniformly dis tributed through space; and it was evident that he meant what he said, for his whole reasoning was founded on that very supposition. In consequence of the stars being thus pretty uniformly distributed, he supposed that they formed a large spherical mass; and that the law of gravitation, as applied to them, would probably be not inversely, as the square of the distance, but as the distance--the law of gravitation which prevailed with respect to particles of matter which had entered beneath the surface of the sphere to whose centre they were attracted. He thought Mr Pountney took a correct view of the fundamental principles of Mädler's theory, and he could not see how the objections which Mr Pountney had raised could be well answered upon the principles which Mädler had laid down. He thought that Mädler meant that the stars were pretty nearly at uniform distances from each other, or his inference respect

ing attraction, to which he (the lecturer) had referred, would not be correct. It was indeed singular that Mädler should have thought thus, for it was almost impossible to look at the heavens on a fine night, and believe anything of the kind; the stars appeared grouped in various clusters throughout the whole hemisphere, as far as they were visible. Though Mädler's theory appeared based on one assumption after another, unsupported by rigid observation, there was no doubt that that astronomer was a very clever man, and one of great genius and acquired knowledge; and if he were there that evening, he (Mr Jones) would thank him for startling the slumbers of the scientific world with the projection of this great and mighty theory, which afforded employment both for the imagination and the intellect, and kept us from a state of intellectual stagnation. He (Mr Jones) liked a good bold theory; a person might do nothing but collect large masses of facts together; but where was the utility of these, unless some master mind could be found to form an induction, and deduce principles from the facts? The chairman said, that when a person of Mädler's attainments propounded a hypothesis, we should treat it with the degree of respect due to his talents and learning, though we should receive his suggestions only in the same way as those of Pythagoras, or any other talented man. Great discoveries too often did not receive that attention which their investigation deserved. Mr Adams of Cambridge pointed out to the astronomer royal and the professor of astronomy at Cambridge the probability that there was a planet beyond Uranus; but they paid no regard to him till their attention was drawn to the subject by a foreigner, and the honour of the discovery was given to another individual.

Mr Henderson thought that neither Mädler nor any one else was justified in making propositions respecting infinite space. All his conclusions must be inductions resting on the observation of stars within the range of our own vision. He thought Mädler meant by the central sun the centre of the whole stars that came within the sphere of our vision. Our idea of infinity was one that we could not get rid of; and it was safest, in the absence of any positive knowledge of Mädler's opinion, to conclude that he meant by the central sun, merely the centre of what we saw. The idea of a central sun was one to which the human mind would always naturally turn, until we saw something to contradict the general course of nature. The whole course of our observations tended to show that the bodies in space were in motion; all the bodies within our own system were moving at inconceivable velocities, and it was therefore only a result of the tendency of the mind to generalisation and deduction to suppose that all the stars we saw were in motion likewise. We were also led from the analogy of our own system to conceive of this motion as a circular one.

Mädler had, therefore, a priori reason on his side. The great thing was the verification of the hypothesis by actual mathematical measurement; and the difficulties which Mr Jones had shown to be inherent in that question, were such as almost to amount to an impossibility; though it was perhaps rash to say this, considering the rapid progress we had made in the last century.

After some further conversation on the subject, the party separated. We need scarcely add, that though it is not by this kind of discussion that the severer truths in science are to be elicited and established, yet much good may be done by exciting further interest, and thereby leading to more rigorous examination. For a more minute account of M. Mädler's hypothesis, the reader is referred to No. 163 of

our current series.

THE ELEPHANT KRAAL. [The following account of the capture of wild elephants, we give in an abridged form from a recent number of a Ceylon paper.] WE left Kandy at two o'clock for Kornegalle, a distance of twenty-three miles. The road was most beautiful, and some of the views were more splendid than anything I had seen before in Ceylon, particularly one from Mr Villier's estate at the head of the Gallegeddra Pass. When you first come in sight of the low country, the road winds along the brow of a mountain, and arrives suddenly at an opening, where you look down a lovely valley surrounded with magnificent mountains, covered with verdure to their very summits. The only thing wanting to make it perfect is water; but this is the

case in all our Ceylon views. As we approached Kornegalle, the road put me much in mind of home-the meadows at each side of us, with the cattle grazing on them, were quite familiar scenes, and drew us back in imagination to dear old England. It was dark before we reached our destination; but the road was illuminated with the fire-flies, which are extremely beautiful in this part of the country. One of these lovely little creatures was secured, and placed on a watch, and its light was so strong, that we were able to ascertain the hour. We arrived at Kornegalle, and started next morning at half-past five o'clock on horseback for the kraal, about twenty miles distant. For the first hour or so it rained so much, that we were not able to remark the country we were passing through; but about seven o'clock the road, or rather bridle-path, lay through paddy fields for sun appeared, and it became very pleasant indeed. The the first six miles, and was admirable ground for a good roadster. The next four were through a thick jungle, which, the sun being strong, shaded us very pleasantly. The flowers were lovely: the magnificent exoria grew in abundance, also one of the bottle-brush' tribe, of the most beautiful blue. I remarked a very handsome yellow flower, very like a laburnum, only much larger, which hung gracefully in bunches over our path. We crossed a lovely river, called the Dedra-oya, about four hundred feet wide: all here was gentleness and peace: several beautiful trees drooped over the water, and bathed their graceful branches in it. kraal about nine o'clock: the latter part of the road We reached the lay along the bed of the Kimbool-wanya, which at this time of the year was quite dry. Our English friends would have been highly amused had they caught a sight of our suddenly-created village of kraal bungalows, which was constructed entirely of the leaves of the talipot palm: our rooms were hung with red and white cloth; and our furniture very much in the Robinson Crusoe style.

In front of the governor's bungalow a kind of triumphal arch was erected, most tastefully ornamented in the native fashion with plantain leaves, cocoa-nuts, pineapples, &c. There were eight bungalows altogether, also a bazaar, and several native huts, so that we had quite a village of our own: all this was erected by the natives in a few weeks. Next morning, as we were going to breakfast, we were startled by the trumpeting of an elephant, which appeared to be just at our elbow; but our alarm was soon over, as one of our party came and told us it was only one of the tame elephants door, with the mahout or rider on her shoulders, and brought for our inspection. She stood just outside our appeared perfectly tame, eating oranges and plantains from our hands, and seeming to enjoy them very much. It was wonderful to see her place a great cocoa-nut, husks and all, in her mouth, and crush it as a nutcracker would a filbert. It is a very old elephant, and has been in the possession of government more than forty years. It is valued at two thousand rupees.

Before I proceed further, it is necessary that I should give a brief description of the kraal itself, and the manis formed into a square enclosure, leaving only a small ner of capturing the elephants. About an acre of jungle opening to let the elephants enter; the palisades round this enclosure are about eleven feet high, and at one end two wings extend into the jungle for some hundred yards on each side of the opening, so as to form a long wall screened by the forest, the use of which is to prevent the elephants, should they hesitate in entering the kraal, from escaping at either side. An elevated stand is erected on one side of the enclosure for the spectators. It is about twice as high as the palisades, so that we looked down into the kraal: I believe kraal is a Dutch word, which signifies an enclosure. The men who drive the elephants into the snare are out for several days before the exhibition takes place, in search of the animals, which come down at this time of the year (July) for a plant called kooranna, a kind of flax, which is then ripe. When they discover their destined vic

tims, they light their fires and torches behind them, to drive them on towards the entrance of the kraal, always keeping in a circle to prevent them from returning. They are thus forced close up to the mouth of the enclosure, where they are detained for the final drive,' when they are compelled to enter. The moment they are in the kraal, the entrance is closed up, and they are safe inside, where they keep charging all round the enclosure, but are repulsed by the beaters. These people, when they see the elephants approaching the fences of the kraal, scream with all their might, and this frightens them so much, that they turn to some other point, where they meet with the same reception. Two thousand people were employed in this kraal; and the principal part of these came without any remuneration, as to a national sport; indeed, if they were offered any, they would leave the kraal, and return to their homes affronted.

We were told that the drive was to take place after tiffin, so at two o'clock we all marched down to the kraal. At length, as we were talking and laughing together, we were startled by a scream rather than a shout from the crowd round the stand; and on looking round, we saw the people evidently very much alarmed, running here and there, and throwing each other down in their fright. In a few minutes all was quiet again, and we were told that it was only one of the wild elephants that had separated from its companions, and was trying to break the line and escape. Hour after hour passed slowly away, and still no sign of the elephants. It became quite dark about half-past six o'clock, and we were allowed no lights, for fear the animals might be frightened, and turn back. I must here remark that the elephant's eye is constructed like that of the cat: it therefore sees much better at night than in the day-time. We were not only obliged to sit in darkness, but also in silence, as their hearing likewise is very acute. In this state we sat till half-past eight o'clock, when in one instant the whole place was lighted up, and silence was broken by the most deafening shouts, which even now are ringing in my ears: a crash was heard, and eighteen elephants tumbled into the kraal, which they rushed round and round, charging here and there in their anger and fright. The enclosure, however, was rapidly surrounded by crowds of the beaters, and a chain of fires blazed up on all sides, so that escape was hopeless, and after a vain rush at every point, the poor frighted herd collected quietly in one corner under a thick jungle, and stood wearied and at rest.

Next morning we breakfasted early, in order that we might have more time to spend at the kraal. When we arrived at the stand about ten o'clock, all the elephants were together in a corner as before. They had covered themselves with dust in their first rage, but now they appeared quite stupified and overcome. There were two tiny little ones among them, which always ran between their mothers' legs; and it was extraordinary to see the care the elder ones took not to touch them with their large clumsy feet.

Soon after we arrived, the entrance to the kraal was cautiously opened, and about six or eight tame elephants entered, with their mahouts or riders. This seemed to startle our wild friends a little, for they immediately formed themselves into line, and prepared to make a charge. The tame ones were quite prepared for this, and continued to advance, throwing down several large trees, and crushing them under their feet, which had the effect of intimidating the others, who instantly retired to their former position. One or two of the tame elephants now advanced towards them, followed by the noosers, to commence the capture. The moment the wild ones saw them approaching, they made a charge, when one of the men threw a noose round the hind-leg of one of the largest, the other end of the rope being made fast round the neck of the tame one, who pulled it with all her might. The victim made prodigious efforts to escape, but all in vain; and at last he threw himself down on the ground in despair, when

one of the tame elephants coming behind him, actually pushed him up with its tusks, to his hopeless and final discomfiture. He now gave himself up for lost, and allowed himself to be bound without further resistance. His hind-legs were fastened together, and then bound to a strong tree: his front feet were treated in the same manner, with the exception of not being tied together. When he was quite secured, he again threw himself down on the ground, and lay there for two or three hours in exhaustion and despair. He covered himself with dust, which he collected and scattered with his trunk; and from time to time he inserted his trunk into his throat, and drew from some receptacle there a supply of water, with which he moistened the whole surface of his skin. It would thus seem as if the elephant, like the camel, is provided with a reservoir of this kind; but whether similarly situated, I am unable to tell. This elephant was altogether half an hour in being caught and secured, though, owing to the excitement, we could scarcely believe it was five minutes. In this manner sixteen of the elephants were noosed and made fast; and so completely subdued were they, that most of the spectators entered the kraal to pull out the hairs from their tails, to get made into bracelets, rings, &c. as little souvenirs of the day. It really was one of the most melancholy sights I ever witnessed, to see those poor creatures, the true lords of the forest, there at our feet, humbled to the very dust, some lying down as if dead, others leaning against the trees, apparently in all the stupor of despair at the loss of their liberty, and all with their spirit, hope, and courage entirely lost. Even one which was loose seemed quite stupified; for though several times unfeelingly tormented, it never moved an inch, but appeared as if in a dream.

When returning to Kornegalle, we were most fortunate in having the pleasure of having for a companion Dr Gardener, the eminent botanist, in whose company the most insignificant plant or flower had some interest, in relation to which he has always something instructive to tell. On our journey back to Kandy, he discovered the upas tree growing within a few miles of Kornegalle. It was not known before that it grows in Ceylon. In returning to Kandy, I must say that I really felt very glad to feel myself once more out of the range of our jungle friends-the elephants; and that for several days afterwards I imagined every sound to be either the trumpeting of the animals or the cries of the beaters. A kraal, however, is, in my opinion, the only sight worth seeing in Ceylon, combining at once novelty, excitement, wonder, and instruction.

PANIC.

Ox the unreasonableness, in most instances, of commercial panic, and its injurious effects on general society, we find the following useful observations in a late number of the Globe' newspaper :

An evil which may be said to overtop every other, is groundless alarm, and this every sensible man of business ought to do his best, by every means in his power, to allay. It is the men of limited observation and small discretion with whom these panics originate, and who principally propagate them. These abound in every commercial circle; and though little noticed, and generally harmless in ordiwhen they do give tongue, and get listened to, has a most nary times, their united action at periods of difficulty, formidable effect upon the state of credit. Let but one of two men of this class see those of better discretion, before whom they have been used to stand rebuked, puzzled and troubled by the aspect of commercial affairs-let a word or two fall upon their ears fitted to excite general alarm, and away they go, puffed up with the novel power to s cite attention, talking and writing in all the varieties of manner excited folly can assume, and doing all they can to make their neighbours and correspondents stand aghast the delicious consciousness of a degree of social power because while they do this they can inwardly revel in denied to them at all other times. To do these persons justice, they seldom have, we believe, any distinct percep tion either of the mischief they do, or of the vileness of

the office they are performing. It will be observed that it is only when the more discreet order of men-the natural rulers of society-have committed themselves by some gross and general imprudence, and by abusing, have for a time lost possession of their power, that the herd of shallow witlings and sheer fools obtain an opening to play these pranks. In truth, they wield a retributive power in some respects analogous to that of the public executioner. Their betters for the most part, though not entirely, by a culpable disregard of invariable laws which, though imperfectly known, might doubtless be better known if better attended to have brought themselves into difficulties apparently inextricable. When the soundest judgment is fairly puzzled, all are much upon a level. The wisest can do nothing, and the most foolish can do as much. then, every voice being equally listened to, the majority in numbers are for the time uppermost, and we discover what it is to be ruled by an instinctive combination of the weak, the ignorant, and the timid. The shorter their reign --and we wince under it now-the better. And there is nothing easier than their deposition.

And

'Let every man, not only in business, but out of it, resolutely close his ears to rumours of every kind. Let all inquire as much as they please-nay, industriously search after and assure themselves to the utmost of every fact which concerns their own pecuniary interests; and let all to whom questions of this description are addressed answer them with the frankness best betokening honesty. But let all who are not yet destitute of self-respect, and who would not render themselves justly liable to be set down either as weak, babbling fools, or malignant knaves, now avoid, as they would the commission of a heinous crime, the giving currency to reports of the good foundation of which they are not themselves assured. Better fling a blazing torch into your neighbour's house, than mutter innuendoes against his credit. If it concerns you, inquire into it; and when you have discovered a fact, whether it be for or against him, out with it, for the truth can do no harm. If it does not concern you, leave it to those it does. To repeat a mere surmise is, in most cases, to take part in the manufacture of a lie, for the gossipping weakness that prompts the repetition, craves, and can seldom deny itself, the gratification of adding some little to its strength; and though the first inkling may have been born of a fact, the chances are a thousand to one against the final assertion, rumour-built and folly-fastened as it is, bearing any decent resemblance to the truth."

AUTUMN.

BY W. MOY THOMAS.

THE wheat is garnered in the red-tiled barn,
And the waste ears begin to spring again,
No power is in the feeble-breathing morn
To sweep the mists along the stubble plain;
The dew hangs, like a lately-fallen rain,
On the nut-loaded borders of the wood,
And on the hedge flowers in the rutty lane,
And on the thankful sparrow's winter food,
The powder-bloomèd sloe, and berries red as blood.

The misty sun keeps red until the noon,
And turneth red again before the day
Is three hours older; and the large round moon
Keepeth her ruddy countenance alway;
And when the stars are seen, wine-red are they,
Even from the clearest zenith looking down;
And where the mists awhile have crept away,
And the fair earth doth make her beauty known,
No other tints hath she but crimson, gold, and brown.
Sometime a lazy wind comes from the south
Slow journeying, scarce a league from morn till night,
O'er the light grass-seed, singeing in the drouth,
Where the free cricket ever hides from sight;
Or on a poppy field it doth alight,

And sleeps awhile, then to the wood goes forth,
Entangled, struggling on, or stays its flight
With the rich bramble-fruit borne down to earth,
And rousing thence, moves on to warm the aged north.

A pleasant life hath that same autumn wind,
Fed with all odours that on earth are found;
Its only toil to wander out and find

What fingered chestnut leaves are most embrowned,
To make a russet clothing for the ground
Against the early snows: and many a trick
In wanton idleness it plays around,
Upon the white-thorn bushes spreading thick
The hay that loosely hung around the bulky rick;

And often turns aside to linger round

A granary, until they ope the door,
When, sauntering in, it makes a cooling sound
Among the crevices, and evermore

Twirls the light husks around the thrashing-floor,
Whereat the sleek brown mouse shrinks back in fear,
Until the memory of the golden store

O'ercomes his fright, and venturing not too near, He carries to his hole a single shrivelled ear.

Then to the smoke-enwrapped and toiling town
Before it bears the feathered thistle-seed,
That long bewildered wanders up and down
To find the road that to the fields doth lead;
Till in a current drawn with sudden speed
Through some high factory window, opened wide-
A gentle spirit from the daisied mead!
The dirt-grimed workman rests his toil beside,
And of the woods and fields long muses filmy-eyed.

Or slowly wandering up the hazy stream,
Vexes its placid course with wrinkles small,
And from the surface drives the clumsy bream
Into safe covert 'mong the rushes tall:
Yet gentler service sometimes doth withal;
When the faint dying scholar makes a sign
To raise his chamber window, it doth fall
Upon his fevered brain like iced wine,
And with refreshing rustle lifts the casement vine.

But sometimes, day by day, the hazel tint
Grows deeper on the mass of forest trees,
And not a single breath from heaven is sent
To cool the ruddy fruits, that by degrees
Wax ripe and riper in a dreamy ease;
And bursting, trickle down, a honeyed rill,
To tempt from sweetest flowers the buzzing bees,
That buzz no more till they have had their fill;
Then laden, travel hiveward, buzzing louder still.
And so the dead leaves hang upon the stem,
Because there is no gentle stir of air,
Although the softest wind had scattered them,
And left the myriad branches dry and bare,
Till the sharp north wind cometh unaware,
And half relieves the laden orchard-bough;
And like hoar death, that kills the good and fair,
Lays autumn's loveliest bells and blossoms low,
And sudden winter falls wherever it doth blow.

But now a-many golden hours must pass Ere gray October's frosty latter days Knit cold November in the general mass, And shrouding all things in a yellow haze, Among the minds of men much doubting raise Where autumn ends and winter doth begin: And still with us the chilly swallow stays, And round the rain-spout flutters out and in, Nor dreams of Biscay's shore or southern Limousin.

WHO CANNOT BE RICH?

A Polish woman, who has a stall in the Franklin market, found herself, about five years ago, a widow with four young children, and an estate of just one dollar and fifty cents in money. She did not, however, turn her steps towards the alms-house, nor spend her time in begging from door to door. Though embarrassed by a very poor knowledge of our language, she immediately invested her capital in some articles which she could sell, and commenced operations, employing her children as she could for her assistance. For a year or two past she has had the market stall. A few months ago she learned that the owner of a good farm of seventy-five acres, in one of the central counties of the States, was very desirous to sell his farm for money. She examined the farm, found a good house, barn, &c. and fifty acres under cultivation. Her small store had grown to twelve hundred dollars, all safe in the savings' bank, and she offered it for the farm, and it was accepted, for it was all in cash. The Polish widow now has her country estate, where she has been spending some months; though, unwilling to retire as yet, she has returned and resumed her stall. What a fine provision for herself and family has she secured by five years of determined effort! What proof has she made that this is the land where all may be rich who have health, and where they only who have it not are proper objects of charity!-New York Journal of Commerce.

RECLAMATION OF GIPSIES.

While an effort has been making to reclaim the Scottish gipsies, by means of education and otherwise, at Yetholm, we are glad to learn from the following paragraph in the