of an inch. Change speed gears are furnished to cut threads from 5 to 36, including 111⁄2 pipe thread and one extra compound gear to cover all special threads from 3 to 72. The special garage equipment consists of the parts outlined in illustrations. These

are large and small face plates, follow rests, steady rest, compound rest, centers, wrenches, full set of change speed gears, double friction countershaft, four jaw independent chuck, drill

chuck, set of lathe dogs, and a set of turning and boring tools. An equipment of this nature is not only practical, but if the complete outfit is purchased the garage man is sure of obtaining a practical machine tool for all ordinary repair work. The outfit shown would be the same regardless of the size of lathe purchased, except that the auxiliaries, such as face plates, chucks, and tools, would be all properly proportioned for the machines they were to be used with. In purchasing a number of lathes it is not necessary to buy a full equipment for each lathe. For instance, two chucks

and two face plates would be enough for four lathes if these were of the same size. The follow rest and steady rest, which are not used continually and forming the part of one lathe outfit, would, of course, be suitable for any others of the same pattern. The various types of lathe tools, chucks, etc., will be considered more at length in the next chapter, which deals with the small tool equipment of the shop.

A lathe is not complete without a number of additional con

veniences, such as shown at Figs. 28 and 29. The importance of proper illumination of the work is apparent, and this may be assured by using a universally jointed incandescent lamp support such as shown at Fig. 28. The universal joints make it possible to set the lamp at any desired angle and at any point that is most. convenient for the operator within a wide range. When cutting resisting materials, such as the alloy steels used so widely in automobile construction, as well as when taking roughing cuts, the lubricant container shown at Fig. 29, A, is of value, as it not only is capable of ready attachment to the lathe carriage, but will direct a constant stream of lubricants or cutting compound on the point of the tool in order to prevent it from becoming overheated. As the container is supported by the carriage, it must move in proper relation with the cutting tool. The rack shown at B is an important adjunct, inasmuch as it provides a place for holding the machinist's tools where they will be accessible and yet out of the way. The base of the rack is designed to fit the lathe shears, and will keep various wrenches, files, etc., out of contact with the lathe ways. A drawer is provided, which may be locked, in which the machinist can keep his finer tools, such as the micrometers, calipers, etc. Another adjunct to the lathe is the tray mounted on a wheeled stand shown at C, designed to be placed under the lathe bed to catch chips and borings of metal and keep these from the floor. Its construction is very simple, and as it is made entirely of metal, it is durable and fire-proof. The various articles of equipment outlined are marketed by the New Britain Machine Company.

Shapers, Planers, and Drilling Machinery.-Both the shaper and planer remove metal from flat surfaces, whereas the lathe is essentially a tool for machining cylindrical surfaces. In the shaper, which is shown at Fig. 30, A, the work is mounted in a fixed work-holding vise, while the cutting tool is carried in a tool post mounted at one end of the reciprocating shaper head. The work may be moved laterally by hand or power feed, while the tool may be raised or lowered to get the depth of cut by the lever C. The tool post is mounted on an index so that it may be set at any desired angle. As previously stated, much of the work that can

be done on milling machines can also be performed on the shaper with less expensive tools.

The planer, an example of which is shown at Fig. 30, B, is better adapted for handling large work than the shaper. In a planer the tool is fixed relative to the work, except as relates to vertical or lateral feeds. The tool is clamped in the tool post E, which is provided with an index fixture similar to that of the shaper and a hand feed lever for setting the depth of cut. The tool post carriage may be moved up or down on the supporting standards by means of a hand crank which operates the bevel-raising gears. The work to be machined is secured to the planer bed or platen B, which slides upon the ways machined in the bed A. As will be evident, the work is brought against a fixed cutting tool, whereas in the shaper the work is fixed and the cutting tool reciprocates over the work surface. A planer is useful in machining large objects such as motor crank cases, gear boxes and machining the flat surfaces on cylinder castings.

The drilling machinery provided should include a back-geared drill press having a table capacity to swing 24 inches. A typical machine of this nature of good design is shown at Fig. 31. The tool should be back geared, meaning that the spindle speed may be slowed down for handling large drills or doing heavy work. It should have both hand and power feed and a table adjustable for both height and position. In the machine shown the table may be swung entirely clear or off to one side and large work supported directly on the base which is provided with slots capable of taking T-bolts. The spindle which holds the drills may be raised by a hand lever for quick feed, by a hand wheel acting through worm gearing for slow feed and by level gears for power feed. The spindle drive shaft is provided with a keyway and passes through the main drive bushing which is driven by bevel gears at the top of the column. A drill press may also be used for boring and will handle large work that cannot be conveniently supported in a lathe.

A large variety of milling work can also be done if a milling machine attachment such as shown at Fig. 32, A, is provided. This has a circular base about 12 inches in diameter and a table 1611⁄2 inches long x 611⁄2 inches wide. A longitudinal feed of one