power, as would be the case in any city or town where central station current was available, is to support it on a stout platform suspended from the ceiling at any convenient point and to make a direct belt connection with the main driving pulley of the line shafting. The proportions between the motor armature pulley and that on the line shaft should be such that the speed of the shafting will not exceed 300 R. P. M. The switches, starting rheostats and fuse blocks should be placed on one panel at a convenient height on the wall. As an electric motor needs but little attention, in some shops it is hung directly from the ceiling, i.e., the base is securely attached to the beams by lag screws. If precaution is taken to change the location of the lubricating oil wells under the main journals, a motor can be operated just as well upside down as in any other position. Where central station current is procurable and but few machines are used, the individual motor equipment does not have the advantages in a small establishment that are presented in its favor when used in the large manufacturing enterprises. While an individual motor for each machine eliminates a large amount of overhead shafting, belting, etc., and conduces to a lighter and cleaner shop, it is doubtful if the advantage of rendering each tool or machine independent of the others as regards power would compensate for the cost of such an equipment. It is doubtful if individual motor drive would be an economy in the repair shop if one considers that most companies supplying current make a fixed service charge, this being figured so closely that it is almost as cheap to keep a low power motor going all day as to keep shutting it off and on or using a varying number of smaller motors having in the aggregate somewhat less power. Besides, in a repair shop of any size, it is not likely that there will be any lull in the work, and power would be required from morning to night.

The Lathe, Types and Accessory Equipment.-Two very simple forms of lathes which are better adapted for the private garage repair shop than for general work are shown at Fig. 25. That at A is a foot power machine that is capable of doing very fine work. and that is well adapted for experimental and light repair purposes. It will swing nine inches and has a space of 25 inches

al between centers. The tail stock can be set over for taper turning, and a swivel tool carriage permits a wide range of work. It is provided with a lead screw and is suitable for thread cutting. The lathe at B is a small speed lathe that is shown with a tool rest adapted for hand-turning tools. This can be replaced by the usual form of cross slide rest, making it suitable for metal turning Ework. A small lathe of this nature is included in many repair shops for wood turning and is often fitted with a drill chuck and used in place of a sensitive drill for light drilling. A machine of this kind is inexpensive and very useful. The light screw-cutting lathe shown at A is also furnished with a countershaft, making it suitable for power drive, though a surprising quantity of accurate work may be accomplished without unduly fatiguing the operator, if the foot power form is utilized.

All lathes, with the possible exception of the speed lathe, in order to be thoroughly practical for repair shops, should have screw-cutting attachments, elevating compound rests, hollow spindles and a good outfit of auxiliary attachments. Several sizes of chucks and face plates, and a steady rest and back rest for long work, should also be provided. A lathe that will cut from four to forty threads per inch has sufficient range for all ordinary shop work. A number of different designs of lathes of latest pattern suitable for repair shop use are shown at Fig. 26. That at A is the conventional form of engine lathe that has been so universally applied in the machine shops of the world. It is back geared and provided with a complete set of gears for screw cutiting. The difference between this lathe and that shown at B is in the change speed gear box provided, by which any desired speed of travel of the carriage may be obtained by merely shifting a lever. In the form shown at A it is necessary to remove the driving and stud gears, and in some cases the lead screw gears, and replace them with others for varying classes of work. In the form at B any desired gear ratio within the range of the tool may be obtained by the simple movement of a gear-shifting lever.

The lathe at C is a gap bed type, one of which should be included in the equipment of practically all repair shops, and if

Fig. 26.--Outlining Practical Designs of Lathes for Automobile Repair Shop Use.

only one lathe can be purchased this should preferably be of this type. The gap in the lathe bed makes it possible to swing much larger work than would be possible in either of the forms shown at A or B, and a well designed gap bed will not be appreciably

weaker than the solid bed form. All ordinary work may be handled on a lathe of this form, and in addition, the out-of-theordinary jobs, such as machining a flywheel, facing a large clutch. cone or plate, etc., can be accomplished when desired.

A complete outfit suitable for most of the requirements of garages and general repair shops, which sells for approximately

Fig. 27.-Typical Screw Cutting Engine Lathe with Complete Equipment Adapted for Automobile Repair Work.

$200, is shown at Fig. 27. This includes a 13-inch swing x 52-foot bed, back-geared, screw-cutting engine lathe. It is provided with automatic longitudinal and cross feeds. The cone pulley has four steps for a two inch belt. The ratio on the back gearing is 7 to 1. The tail stock is cut away to permit the compound rest to be swung around to 90 degrees, and is fitted with a sleeve, bored to conform to Morse taper No. 4, and has a self-discharging center. The tail stock may be set over for taper turning. The cross feed screw has a graduated collar so the feed may be regulated to one-thousandth