is composed of three castings, the centre one being placed under the car axle, while the two outside ones form the base of the device. The height of the load-carrying member can be adjusted to a degree by placing the clamping bolt which holds the assembly together through the desired hole in the lifting ram. The form at G, is similar in action to that at E, except that the tripod is a substantial member made by slotting a steel tube at three points and then spreading the legs apart and joining them by the brace pieces near the base. The jack or support at H, may be constructed by any repairman and is made of substantial timbers. The construction is so clearly shown that further description should be unnecessary.

Every repairman has occasions when it is necessary to take care of a car which has met with some accident to the wheels, axles or steering knuckles, so that it is impossible for the car to proceed on its own wheels. Towing such a car back to the garage is a tedious job if proper provisions are not made for supporting the injured end of the car in a secure manner and yet one that will not offer any appreciable friction. The common method of procedure with a broken axle or wheel on a horse-drawn vehicle is to use 2 heavy beam as a support for the injured member, one end being secured to the good axle, while the other is allowed to trail on the ground. This is not a good system to use with a heavy automobile, because the friction between the end of the beam and the ground is so great that it will be a great strain on the towing car if the load is to be moved for any distance. A simple emergency truck which is known as the Weaver Ambulance, and with which the makers claim one driver is capable of towing in a disabled car, is shown at Fig. 17, A. The truck and one method of using it is illustrated, and the marked feature is the ease with which it may be attached and removed. Besides being used to support the front end of the car, as in the illustration, the truck may be employed as a substitute for any one of the wheels. The tongue portion is adjustable to suit requirements of the work to which the device. is applied.

Mention has been previously made of the utility of a portable crane in the repair shop. These are capable of handling a wide diversity of work and it is a practical and not expensive sub

Fig. 17.-Weight Carrying and Lifting Appliances for the Repair Shop.

stitute for an overhead rail system. In the repair shop, for instance, it has the special advantage of being able to get into places that the overhead crane cannot reach. This form may be taken

to the work, whereas the work has to be taken to the usual overhead trolley. It is of strong construction, and one man can handle four thousand pounds by its aid, picking the same up with ease, transporting same, and placing it in any desired position. These cranes are made in various styles, the ordinary range of sizes adapted for repair shop work varying from one to three tons' capacity. The crane shown at D is a very substantial and strong form, and is shown in use lifting an engine out of a frame at B. Another form of portable hoist is shown at C. This is virtually a high trestle mounted on wheels and well braced. Two winding drums are used, each serving one lifting rope. Owing to the drum. operation by small pinions and long hand cranks, the leverage is very great, and one man may raise any load within the capacity of the crane.

The need of some form of chain hoist in garages where the portable crane is not used is more marked at the present time than was formerly the case when automobiles and their components were lighter than they are to-day. The rapid growth of the mofor truck industry also means that heavy pieces must be handled. Where it was formerly common practice to cast motor cylinders Individually and in pairs, it is now general practice to use 4 and 6 cylinder block castings which are difficult to handle, especially in the larger sizes.

The chain hoist also forms an important unit of all overhead trolley systems, as a very effective travelling crane may be contrived by using a simple wheeled trolley, running on a commercial T-section beam and having a hook to which the chain falls may be attached. The Simplex chain hoist shown at Fig. 17, E, is a twoyeed device permitting great leverage and slow speed for heavy ads, and greater speed, though lessened leverage, for lighter weight. As will be noticed in the accompanying illustration, an Ldless chain runs over a chain wheel, which in connection with a pinion and brake wheel with ratchet teeth in its outer rim forms an automatic brake to prevent the load from descending.

The pinion attached to the hand chain wheel drives a spur gear, which is keyed to a second shaft, at the end of which is another inion. The last named member engages with an internal spur

gear, which is keyed to the opposite end of the main shaft, to which is attached the lift chain wheel. Motion is transmitted from the hand chain to the lift chain, and by pulling on the hand chain, in either direction, the load is lifted or lowered. When hoisting a load the brake wheel, with its ratchet teeth on the

outer rim, rotates freely with the hand chain wheel and pinion, and without resistance, as the ratchet pawl runs freely over the teeth. When the pull on the chain wheel ceases, the pawl engages with the teeth of the ratchet on the brake wheel, preventing it from running backward, and so keeping the load suspended.

In lowering the load the hand chain is pulled in an opposite

direction, and but little effort is required to overcome the friction of the automatic brake, thus permitting the load to descend and holding the same suspended again, as soon as the workman stops pulling on the hand chain. The load can be lowered at a good rate of speed by a continuous pull upon the hand chain. By means of an ingenious arrangement of the lower block, the lift chain is locked to the chain wheel of the lower block, providing the two speeds referred to, making for economy of time in handling light loads. Closed rings attached to a swinging frame provide guides for the hand chain, enabling the operator to stand away from under a load, pulling the chain at an angle, without producing any appreciable amount of friction or wear on the chain or guide. The construction eliminates the possibility of the chain. wedging between the wheels and guides.

In many shops it is inconvenient to provide pits by which the workmen may gain access to the under portions of an automobile. A very practical elevating device which provides plenty of space for working under a car is shown at Fig. 17, F and G. In the former illustration the front end is shown raised, while at G the rear end is elevated. This consists of a light, inclined runway made of planking and timbers upon which the car may be run. A pair of hollowed blocks at the upper portion in which the wheel tires fit provides a positive stop to prevent the car from rolling off the stand.

Another useful device for use on the assembling floor that saves considerable time when an entire end of a car is to be raised, as is necessary for inspecting parts of the steering system or rear axle faults, is shown at H. This is known as the Weaver twin jack, and consists of a triangular framework mounted on wheels and carrying two lifting screws actuated by bevel gears near the base of the triangular frame. A cross shaft carrying similar sized bevel gears actuates the lifting nuts on the vertical screws, and is in turn operated by a bevel gear turned by a pinion, to which motion is imparted by a hand crank. The gearing is so arranged that a large amount of leverage is provided. and the heaviest car may be raised without any exertion. The hand crank is mounted in a swivelling bracket, which makes it