1. 20. made, preached; the phrase to "make a sermon " being used for to "preach"; see p. 14, 1. 5.

1. 22. being willing... him, wishing to give him something to do for me in my absence; some commission which he would feel a pleasure in executing.

1. 23. marks. A mark was a sum of money = 13s. 4d.

1. 26. fob, watch-pocket, or small pocket in the breeches.

1. 27. a tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down tobacco in a pipe when part of the tobacco has been smoked and the rest requires to be tightened in order that the pipe may draw well.

1. 29. turning, sc. in a turning lathe.

1. 31. who has good... smokes, speaking as though the two things were almost synonymous.

11. 32, 3. Tom Touchy, see p. 71, 1. 15: had taken ..... him, had prosecuted him.

11. 33, 4. some hazel sticks, for shaping into walking sticks, etc. Cp. p. 20, 1. 9.

P. 100, ll. 3, 4. But for my part... it. The remark indicates the knight's doubt on the subject, a doubt which he does not like to admit, but which is evidently in his mind.

1. 8. keeps open house, is ready to receive any one as a guest.

11. 9-11. had dealt... neighbours, had distributed chines, sides, of pork with great liberality, etc. The chine is properly the spine, back-bone.

11. 11, 2. hog's-puddings, large sausage-shaped bags of minced pork.

1. 15. dead, dreary, with no life in it.

1. 18. to support them, to make life tolerable.

11. 18, 9. to rejoice, to gladden.

11. 20, 1. a double ... malt, in order to make it stronger: smallbeer, thin, weak, beer in contrast with ale.

1. 21. set it a running, allow it to be freely drawn ; a here = on; see Abb. § 24 (2): twelve days, i.e. from Christmas Day till the 6th of January, twelfth-day, when the Christmas festivities came to an end.

1. 23. a mince-pie, a pie made of mince-meat, i.e. of meat minced with raisins, candied-peel, spices, etc., and baked. The modern custom is rather to have a number of small round pies of this kind in a dish; here Sir Roger's mince-pie is a single large one from which his guests can help themselves as they like.

11. 25, 6. smutting one another. "This is probably an allusion to an old game in which two persons face each other at some little

distance, each holding a plate before him. The person on whom the trick is to be played, being told to imitate the other, in doing so innocently rubs his finger first on the bottom of his plate, (previously blackened by being held over a candle), which being turned from him he cannot see, and then on his face. After some time he is shown a looking-glass, and finds that he has transferred soot from the plate to his face" (F. E. Wilcroft).

1. 30. which carried... it, which so clearly showed the goodness of his nature.

11. 31, 2. the late act... England. "The Occasional Conformity Bill, which, after being rejected in 1703 by the Whig House of Lords, was passed in 1710 when the Tories were supreme under Harley and St. John. By the Test Act of 1673, no one could hold a civil, military, or magisterial office without receiving the sacrament according to the Anglican rite. Many dissenters had complied formally with the Act in order to be able to hold office. The Occasional Conformity Bill enacted that any one, who, after taking the sacrament, attended a religious meeting of dissenters, should lose his appointment and pay a heavy fine" (F. E. Wilcroft).

11. 35, 6. to eat... plum-porridge, a thing he would never have done but for this Act; he thus showing his willingness to conform to Christmas ceremonies which by dissenters were regarded with abhorrence. Plum-porridge, or plum-broth, was a sort of soup made of meat stewed with raisins, spices, etc. Needham, Hist. of the Rebellion (1661), quoted by Brand, Popular Antiquities, laments the decay of Christmas festivities in lines beginning, "All plums the Prophet's sons defy, And spice-broths are too hot; Treason's in a December-pye, And death within the pot.

P. 101, 1. 1. dispatched... matters, discussed all the topics of interest connected with Sir Roger's house affairs.

1. 3. his old antagonist, sc. in political matters: see Essay 2, P. 7, 1. 28.

11. 7, 8. gathering ... seriousness, putting on a look of extreme seriousness.

1. 9. in the pope's procession. "The burning a Pope in effigy was a ceremony performed upon the anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's coronation (November 17th). When parties ran high betwixt the courtiers and opposition, in the latter part of Charles the Second's reign, these anti-papal solemnities were conducted by the latter with great state and expense, and employed as engines to excite the popular resentment against the Duke of York and his religion" (note by Scott on the last line of the epilogue to Dryden's Oedipus, the note going on to give the details of the procession, in 1679, and being followed by a facsimile of an old picture of the ceremony). Sir Andrew's taking part in

the procession, if he had done so, would have been a demonstration of his Whig principles.

1. 11. wary, cautious; unwilling to say anything that would show his feelings on political matters.

1. 14. a stand, a place, station, in one of the streets through which Eugène would have to pass in his triumphal progress through the city of London.

11. 16, 7. whose presence...nation, Eugène having come to England to persuade the government to maintain the European alliance against France, thus showing his great respect for the power of England.

1. 20. Baker's Chronicle, Sir Richard Baker (1558-1645) was author among other works of a "Chronicle of the kings of England from the time of the Romans' government unto the death of King James," 1643.

11. 21, 2. which very much... prince, not that Baker's Chronicle, which only goes down to the death of James I., had any mention of Prince Eugène, but that observations in it and the other authors,' made upon princes whose acts are therein eulogized, were applied by Sir Roger to this prince.

1. 26. a dish, a word then and for some time later used for what we should now call a 'cup': Squire's, "a coffee-house situated on the west side of the gate of Gray's Inn Wilcroft).

(F. E.

11. 28, 9. waited on him to, attended him to, accompanied him to; the phrase showing his deference to the knight.

1. 31. the high table, the table reserved for persons of distinction.

1. 32. a clean pipe, a new clay pipe.

1. 33. the Supplement, a newspaper of the day.

1. 34. boys, attendants.

P. 102, 1. 1. could come at, could get brought to them.

1. 2. all his conveniencies, all that he required to make himself comfortable.

VISIT TO WESTMINSTER ABBEY. No. 329.

P. 102, 1. 7. my paper, sc. No. 26 of the Spectator.

1. 15. Baker's Chronicle, see note, p. 101, 1. 20.

1. 16. Sir Andrew Freeport, see Essay No. 2.

1. 19. under his butler's hands, being shaved by his butler. 1. 21. Widow Truby's water, a cordial or specific against infection.

11. 28, 9. against... gravel, as a precaution against the stone or gravel, diseases of the kidneys and the bladder, the stone being only the gravel in an exaggerated form.

P. 103, ll. 1, 2. I could have wished... sooner, because in that case he would not have drunk it: the virtues of it, its medicinal properties.

1. 7. the sickness, the plague of 1709, which was especially virulent at Dantzic; the, the well-known sickness, the sickness par excellence; cp. "I am alone the villain of the earth" (A. C. iv. 6); "Where they feared the death, they have born life away" (H. V. iv. 1. 181). Sometimes also prefixed to proper names to give emphasis.

11. 7-10. of a sudden... it, this being a ruse to get rid of the servant's presence in order to go on with his story about the widow; turning short, breaking off and turning suddenly : hackney coach, these coaches, the precursors of the modern 'cab,' first came into use in the seventeenth century, public locomotion in London up to that time being chiefly by water; a 'hackney' is a horse let out for hire, but the origin of the word is uncertain.

1. 17. jointure, estate settled on a woman at her marriage to become hers at her husband's death.

11. 17, 8. the whole country... her, everybody in his neighbourhood was anxious that he should marry her.

1. 19. engaged, not in the common colloquial sense of affianced, but bound by affection to the lady referred to in Essay No. 2. 11. 32, 3. a roll, tobacco then being sold in that form.

1. 33. their best Virginia, the plantations in Virginia then, as now, producing the best tobacco.

P. 104, 1. 3. Sir Cloudsley Shovel, 1650-1707, Commander-inChief of the Fleet; wrecked off the Scilly Isles when returning from Gibraltar. His body, being washed on shore, was buried by some fisherman, but was afterwards disinterred and laid in Westminster Abbey.

1. 6. Dr. Busby, for fifty-five years head-master of Westminster School; well known by the story of his having kept his cap on when Charles the Second visited the school, saying that it would never do for the boys to think any one superior to himself.

1. 10. the little chapel, "the chapel of St. Edmund, the King Edmund of East Anglia, who was murdered in 870 A.D., and after whom Bury St. Edmunds is named " (F. E. Wilcroft).

11. 11, 2. our historian, the verger, or official, who conducted them over the Abbey and gave them the history of the various monuments, etc.

ll. 13, 4. the lord... head, by some supposed to refer to the

monument to Sir Palmer Fairhorne, in the south aisle of the nave, with an epitaph by Dryden in which he is described as drawing his "well-fleshed sword" against the Moors. He never actually cut off the King of Morocco's head, but was for some years governor of Tangiers, and often fought against his majesty. In the Dictionary of National Biography it is stated that a Turk's head was included in his arms, and this may account for Addison's expression. Salmon, however, says that the "lord" was "Sir Bernard Brocas, who died in 1396. His head rests on a helmet surrounded by a crest, a crowned Moor's head, whence, doubtless, originated the story of Sir Roger.

11. 15, 6. the statesman Cecil, Cecil, Lord Burleigh, Secretary of State in the reign of Edward the Sixth, but more prominently known as Lord High Treasurer in that of Elizabeth.

11. 18, 9. that martyr... needle, the figure shown as this martyr was that of Elizabeth, daughter of John, Lord Russell, second son of the second earl of that name: our interpreter, the 'historian' of 1. 11, i.e. the verger.

1. 25. coronation chairs, the earlier of these two chairs is that in which all the kings of England, since Edward the First, have been crowned; the later one was made for the coronation of Mary, wife of William the Third.

11. 26, 7. the stone ... them, this is the sacred stone, originally at Scone in Scotland, on which the Scotch kings were crowned. Edward the First, after defeating Baliol in 1296, brought it to England, and it was subsequently inserted in an oak chair, which has ever since been used for the sovereign's coronation.

1. 28. Jacob's Pillow, the pillar erected by Jacob at Bethel, consisting of the stone which he had used for a pillow on the night in which God appeared to him in a dream and foretold the future greatness of his race; see Genesis, xxviii. 10-22.

1. 33. pay his forfeit, for having seated himself in the coronation chair.

1. 34. ruffled, put out, annoyed: trepanned, ensnared, beguiled, trapped; from O.F. trappan, a snare or trap for animals. The word should be spelt trapan, but has been confused with trepan, a small cylindrical saw used in removing a piece of a fractured skull, from Gk. тρνπâν, to bore.

P. 105, 11. 2, 3. it would go hard... them, he would manage by some means or other to get a piece of the wood of one of the chairs to make a tobacco stopper out of it; a tobacco-stopper, a piece of wood, ivory, metal, used for pressing down the tobacco in the bowl of a pipe.

11. 4, 5. Edward the Third's sword. "Between the [coronation] chairs, leaning against the screen, are preserved the state shield and sword of Edward III., which were carried before him in