INTERCOLUMNIATION, the distances so called between one column and another.

ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE, a term used to distinguish the Palladian modification of the antique, into which was first introduced the archivault and dome.

K.

KEEP, the large dungeon-tower in the centre of Norman castles, which rises above the main edifice. KITCHEN, a room for dressing victuals in; during the middle period, these rooms were spacious and noble. The kitchen at Glastonbury, belonging to the ruined abbey there, is octangu lar, like some of our chapter-houses.

L.

LABEL-MOULDING, a drip or weather moulding over a Tudor window on the exterior of a dwelling-house. LACUNARIA CEILING, a ceiling with sunk panels. LANTERN-LIGHT, an upright skylight with glass on the sides, and a flat ceiling on the top.

LARDER, a room for keeping victuals.

LAUNDRY, a room for drying and ironing clothes.

LEAN-TO-ROOF, open house or shed-roof, whose rafters lean against another building.

LIBRARY, a room for books, situated at the east end of a house.

LOBBY, an anti-hall leading to one or more rooms.

LOGGIE, an inner open gallery or colonnade round a building, with a court in the middle.

LOOP-HOLES, vertical slips of windows in Norman staircase

towers.

LOUVRE, a turret over a kitchen, or ancient banqueting-room, as that on the roof of Westminster-hall. They are sometimes formed octagonal, roofed on the top, and have luffer-boards on the different sides, which admit light between and guard off the rain-water.

M.

MACHICOLATIONS, a corbel cornice to a castle, with vertical apertures for pouring down melted lead and missiles on the heads of the assailants.

MAHOMEDAN ARCHITECTURE, that belonging to the Mahomedan structures, composed of arabesque forms of pointed arches and turban domes.

MANOR-HOUSE, a house in which resides the lord of the ma

nor.

MANSION, an ancient and a noble country-house of great extent and design.

MANSION-HOUSE, a house in which the mayor or chief corporate magistrate resides.

MAUSOLEUM, a splendid sepulchre erected by the wife of Mausoleus over the relics of her husband.

MEZZANINE FLOOR, a dwarf floor between the ground and first floors, a place for servants; a French kitchen. Entresol. MOORISH ARCHITECTURE, that of the Moors at Susa and Barbary in Africa; a mixed variety of the horse-shoe arch, the Norman arch, the Mahomedan, the pointed, cusped, and the ornaments of Arabia and Damascus.

MOSAIC PAVEMENT, formed of inlaid stones of various colours, figures, and scroll-work.

MULLIONS, the vertical stone, or wood moulded, large divisionbars, dividing the width of the Tudor windows into various compartments.

MUNICIPAL ARCHITECTURE, corporate public buildings.

N.

NICHES, semicircular recesses in the front of a house, or entrance-hall for placing statues of celebrated persons in. NORMAN ARCHITECTURE, military castles.

0.

OBELISK, a monolithic pillar of Egyptian origin. OILET-HOLES, cross slip windows in staircase towers of castles, for discharging arrows.

OPEN-NEWEL-STAIRCASE, a staircase with open string-board, newels, and a well-hole.

ORIEL-WINDOw, a small semicircular window projecting from an upper story, and resting on clustered mouldings. Their origin is eastern, and in the monastic edifices, those recesses were appropriated to places of prayer for the abbot.

P.

PALISADE, upright railing in front of a house as a fence. PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE, Italian architecture, composed of the Roman, Grecian, and Byzantine styles; such is the architecture in the Regent's Park, London.

PANTRY, a butler's room for keeping plate.

PARAPET, the top of the wall of a house, inside of which is a gutter. Prom the French par à pied.

PARLOUR, a small room set apart to receive visitors, a room for conversation, from the French parler.

PAVILION, an oriental palace or princely summer residence. PAVILION-ROOF, a roof heaped in on every side.

PEDIMENT, the triangular masonry above the end of the Greek and Roman temples, formed by two inclined cornices rising from a horizontal one.

PENT-HOUSE, a shed with a lean-to-roof. PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE, a compound of the Mahomedan style, and with fig-leaf arches and bulbous domes. PIAZZA, generally understood of an arcade or colonnade; though, properly speaking, it is the square which the colonnade surrounds.

PIER, a square pillar; the substance between one window and another.

PINNACLE, & small spire employed in the Tudor architecture to crown the tops of gables, angles of staircase-towers, porches, and the pediments of dormer windows.

PORCH, a projecting entrance inclosed at the two sides, and open with an arch in front.

PORTAL, an arched gateway; the ceiling overhead. PORTCULLIS, a barbed gate, drawn up and down in grooves, in the castellated and early Tudor gatehouses.

PORTICO, a projecting entrance formed with pillars supporting an entablature, and pediment roof above.

PYRAMID, a monumental building sloping on all four sides, and meeting in a point above.

Q.

QUADRANGULAR HOUSES, ancient houses built round a court which they inclosed. QUATREFOIL, a sculptural opening, the outline of which resembles the four leaves of a cruciform flower; Trefoil, resembling a flower of three; Cinquefoil, of five flowers.

R.

REFECTORY, a dining-hall belonging to monasteries. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, a term strictly applying to that extensive variety of the art which involved the construction of cupolas, vaults, and arches, the surface of which were decorated with forms copied from the Greek temples. ROTUNDA, a circular building both within and without, like the Pantheon at Rome, built in the time of Augustus. RUSTIC BUILDING, a building composed of rough stones of any kind. RUSTIC COTTAGE, a cottage built with rough stones and flints, and unbarked pollard-trees for pillars, casement windows, picturesque roofs, and diagonal chimney-shafts. RUSTIC WORK, aris or square grooves, both horizontal and vertical, dividing the stones in the elevation of a building, and still more applicable when the stones are vermiculated to imitate rock-work.

S.

SALOON, a superb room of two stories high, sometimes placed in the middle of the house, at other times at the end of a gallery; it is a room of state for receiving noble visitors. In

palaces it is the place for giving audience to plenipotentiaries : the ornaments are here at all times profusely displayed. SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE, Arabian architecture. SCAGLIOLA, a mode of imitating both the constituent parts and colours of the various marbles, it was invented by a monk at Valambrossa.

SCREEN, a row of columns with their continued entablature, erected along on the top of a dwarf-wall, between which and the dwelling-house is a court, generally attached to palaces. SHINGLES, wood-tiles.

SHOOTING-BOx, a lodge on a nobleman's grounds, in which guns and ammunition are kept, and in which shooting-parties take refreshment.

SOANEAN ARCHITECTURE, the Anglo-Grecian style. STRAIGHT-JOINT FLOOR, a floor where each board is nailed on one side and one edge, each board being laid separate. STRING-COURSE, a projecting band in the front, ends, and sides of a house parting the stories.

STUD-WORK, wood-framed walls. These were formed in various devices during the Lancastrian and Tudor periods. SWISS ARCHITECTURE, wooden buildings with great pent-house roofs, and walls formed of framed wood-work cased with feather-edge boards, some of which are curiously carved; the whole superstructure resting on a stone plateau or terrace, about five feet high.

T.

TAMBOUR, the cylindrical part rising above the roof of a noble edifice, on which the dome rests. TERMINAL, a pedestal for a statue, which diminishes downwards; the large part being at top.

TERRACE, a raised walk in front of a house, laid with gravel, and inclosed with a dwarf balustrade wall.

TESSELATED PAVEMENT, pavement formed with small bits

of white stones laid in strong cement, which formed the Roman floors.

THEATRE, a place for dramatic or other performances. TRANSOM, in the Tudor architecture is a large stone or deal horizontal bar across the various divisions of the bay-windows. TRELLIS-WORK, formed by laths or slips of deal into a chequered pattern.

TRUNCATED-ROOF, a roof sloping on all sides, with a flat

top.

TUDOR ARCHITECTURE, the architecture which prevailed during the reign of the Tudors, commencing with Henry VII. in his chapel at Westminster, and terminating at the close of the reign of Elizabeth. It went through various picturesque modifications.

TURKISH ARCHITECTURE, that of the Mahomedan, with og-pointed arches, and turban domes.

TURNPIKE-STAIRS, those stairs in towers which wind round a newel; they were so called in the time of the Tudors. TYMPANUM, the triangular part of masonry within the boundary of the cornice of a pediment.

V.

VESTIBULE, an ante-hall, lobby, or inner porch.

VILLA, a Roman country-seat, some of which were most splendid and extensive.

W.

WATER-TABLE, the crowning dripstone on a buttress. WATTLE-WORK, a kind of basket-work; a mode adopted by the Nomadians in the early ages for constructing their houses, which they covered over with dried grass and leaves. WITHDRAWING-ROOM, commonly called drawing-room, a handsome and elegant room to which the family in the best houses retire after dinner.