THE Journal of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology sent out its first number last April. It is a well printed, illustrated magazine devoted to the specialties which its title indicates. We quote from its announcement the following paragraphs through which it modestly introduces itself to the profession.

The Journal is a monthly publication of about forty pages of original contributions, society reports, abstracts of current literature, personal mention, book reviews, etc.

The office of publication is 100 State street, Chicago, to which all communications should be addressed.

The subscription price of the Journal is $2 per year, sent postage free in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and our insular possessions.

Original papers bearing on the subject of ophthalmology, otology, rhinology or laryngology are solicited with the understanding that they are contributed exclusively to this journal. Items of personal interest to the profession will be gratefully received.

THE second number of Folio Therapeutica, of which we published an advance notice in the April issue of this magazine, has come to our table. It is a periodical relating to modern therapeutici and pharmacology designed especially for medical practitioners. It bears the date of April, 1907, and opens with a letter from Professor G. A. Ewald, of Berlin, in which he states that it will be his great pleasure, from time to time, to report to the Folia Therapeutica new matter connected with the subject of therapeutics. Then follows an interesting group of original articles, some of which are illustrated. It contains also abstracts from articles, reviews of books, and an index of current literature on therapeutics. This magazine promises through the appearance of its initial numbers to become a valuable addition to the periodic literature of medicine.

THE Detroit Medical Journal has purchased Leonard's Illustrated Medical Scientific Journal. Three medical journals in Detroit have retired from the field in the last three months which is undoubtedly a good thing for Detroit and a vastly better one for the profession in general. The Detroit Medical Journal is to be congratulated on its acquisition. It is one of the better medical magazines of the day.

THE Annals of Surgery for June, 1907, will be a special number containing a collection of the choicest literature on modern surgery. Each article will be a practical, comprehensive treatise

by an eminent specialist who has actually performed the operations described. No expense will be spared to make this the best issue, completing the forty-fifth volume.

The colored illustrations, of which there will be an abundance, have been placed in the hands of the leading medical artists of the country, and will be reproduced to the minutest detail.

It is expected that this number will at least equal that of December, 1904, which was the anniversary number of the Annals and which created a stir in the surgical world. The number in question will excel in point of illustraton and the price of a single copy is fixed at one dollar.

THE British Gynecological Journal announces, through its editor, Dr. J. J. Macan, that it will cease publication in its present form in August next. The Obstetrical Society of London and the British Gynecological Socety will unite to form a single Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Royal Society of Medicine, and the Obstetrical Transactions and the British Gynecological Journal will be superseded by the publication of the Proceedings of that Section in a form which will represent and continue both the former publications.

DR. S. A. KNOPF of New York, has obtained distinction in his studies of tuberculosis. He is the author of a monograph entitled "Tuberculosis as a Disease of the Masses and how to Combat it." This is an international prize essay and is now in its fourth edition, having been awarded a prize, July 31, 1900, by the International Congress on Tuberculosis. It is a monograph full of instruction for the masses, but is also interesting to physicians. It is through the wide distribution of such literature that hope may be entertained of instructing the people sufficiently to, at least, limit the awful destructiveness of pulmonary tuberculosis.

ITEMS.

THE STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION will hold examinations June 15, 1907, for the following positions: Court attendant, Erie county service, $1,200; custodian or messenger, Kings county offices, $720 to $1,000; elevator conductor, city and county hall, Buffalo, $540; police constable, $coo, and watchman, $1.75 a day at the Niagara Reservation; resident physician, State Hospital for Crippled and Deformed Children, $900 and maintenance; superintendent of inspection, state board of charities, $2,500; veterinarian, health and agriculture departments, $7 a day: woman officer, state charitable institutions, $300 to $360 and maintenance.

The last day for filing applications for these positions is June 8. Full information and application forms may be obtained by addressing Charles S. Fowler, Chief Examiner, Albany.

THE OD CHEMICAL COMPANY announces its removal from 15 Cedar street to its new and commodious building, 61 Barrow street, New York.

MOET AND CHANDON White Seal 1900 Champagne, is the most palatable and efficient sparkling wine for use in case of sickness of which we have any knowledge. It is free from the objectionable features that often follow the use of some champagnes and is a positive aid to treatment when rapid stimulation is required, and in cases of nausea or obstinate vomiting. The JOURNAL is making this statement from knowledge obtained through its therapeutic employment in the sickroom, and from general clinical observation of the results of such application of this most delightful wine. A trial will satisfy the doubter. Pint bottles can be tapped with the champagne tapping device, or the patent rubber stopper may be employed, thus avoiding extravagant use or waste of the wine.

APPOLLINARIS, the "queen of table waters," is the most satisfactory of all sparkling waters in the sickroom. It is a refreshing beverage as well as a therapeutic agent of value; it agrees with a sensitive palate and it soothes an irritable stomach. The general use of Apollinaris, of course, is well understood; we are now discussing its merits from our experience with it in the sickroom. If physicians would prescribe it more frequently, it would be more gratifying to their patients and more satisfactory to themselves.

"Boss," shouted the big cook from the kitchen, "we have a lot of scraps out here that ain't working."

"Lot of scraps, eh?” replied the proprietor of the Shovedown lunchroom. "Well, mix them all together, add a little fiery tobasco sauce and then put a sign outside, 'Central America Pudding Today.'"-Chicago News.

TH

Community.'

BY WILLIAM C. KRAUSS, M.D. Buffalo, N. Y.

HE early trend of civilisation westward was marked by a sequence of events which was characteristic of the early settlers and pioneers, and which might well be called the evolution of society.

The pioneer in casting around for a settlement, generally chose a clearing near some running stream of water. In course of time, a run of stone, driven by water power, crude but efficient for the purpose, was the first indication that a stand was to be made for the development of a community, or settlement. The anvil and forge became a most necessary adjunct, and soon the blacksmith took his place at one of the corners of the cross roads. The influx of strangers and the urgency of harboring them comfortably, necessitated a suitable place of refuge and the tavern arose on one of the other corners. The merchant soon took his place at the remaining corner with his general store, including the post office, and which in due course of time served as club house, meeting place and a general clearing house for the exchange of opinion as well as of produce. Thus was established the miller, tavernkeeper, blacksmith and the merchant, the four pillars upon which modern society was to be erected. The logcabin school was not long in building, neither was the meetinghouse, which hand in hand, gave the growing settlement a dash of ethical as well as of spiritual culture. Events followed quickly, the ravages of disease, the growing population and the demand for operative treatment decided the physician to make his domicile here with the rest.

Prosperity and population increased hand in hand with rapid strides and the railroad took its place with the other elements

1. Read at the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Medical Association of Central New York, at Syracuse, October 16, 1906.

of civilisation. The four corners had evolved from a hamlet to a village and was fast entering upon the threshold of a city. The merchant, the preacher, the physician and the teacher became the four pillars, around whom the ethical life of the community revolved. As the life of the community became more complex, the duties of the professional man augmented also, but to none more so than the general practitioner, who, until now, had served as physician, surgeon, obstetrician, alienist, and in short an all around general specialist. Division of medical work by segmentation gave rise to the surgeon, the ophthalmalogist and in short the general specialist, one who knew little of many things and nothing much of any one thing. Still he professed his knowledge, and his faults and vices served to attract others who were efficient and well trained in their chosen fields of special study. The hospital was the natural sequence of events and the bringing together of the better qualified and stronger elements in the profession. With it, the trained nurse appeared and to all appearances, the plant had a modern, scientific foothold. But as hospital work progressed, and frequent consultation and interchange of opinion followed, the literature of the day discussed, societies organised for mutual self-help and improvement, it soon became apparent that the highest scientific methods had not yet been developed, and the best results had not yet been attained. The determination of albumin and sugar was no longer sufficient for a urine content examination. The physical signs of diphtheria, typhoid and tuberculosis were too slow in developing to give the best results in the treatment of these diseases. The appearance of the blood meant very little by the old method. Medicolegal questions were constantly arising and no one in the community had the time, nor the mental training or equipment to connect the laboratory with the bedside and interpret quickly and correctly the phenomena presented by the ever changing chemistry of the body. The diagnosis of disease by guesswork or "rule of thumb" had had its day, and the patient demanded, as well as the community, that the most modern methods and the most modern procedures be adopted in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Prevention of disease by a proper and scientific examination of the food and water supply, the proper regulation of the tenement house evil, general sanitary and hygienic reforms demanded the services of an expert clinicopathologist, one who understands his microscope as thoroughly as the surveyor his transit. Such a man must of necessity be the finished product of the laboratory, skilled in histological, pathological and bacteriological technique and the practical adaptability of the same to the necessities of the municipality. As a factor in the community, he can render