The Scope and Method of Political EconomyMacmillan, 1891 - 359 стор. |
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abstract Adam Smith applied argument art of political Bagehot Cairnes causes cerned chapter character circumstances Cliffe Leslie common Compare competition complex conclusions concrete connexion consideration deductive method deductive reasoning definition desire determine discussion distinct distribution of wealth ditions economic activities economic doctrines economic enquiry economic facts economic history economic laws economic phenomena economic science economic theory economic world economists effects ethical example exchange exchange-value exerted experiment free trade given historical human hypothetical ignoratio elenchi importance individual inductive industrial influence instance investigation J. S. Mill James Mill knowledge labour laisser faire logical mathematical ment method of difference Mill moral motives nature nomic observation operation particular physical political economy positive science possible practical premisses Principles of Political problems Professor question recognise regard relation Ricardo says scientific sense shew Sidgwick social society statistics taxation term theoretical tical tion true truth wages
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Сторінка 281 - The laws and conditions of the Production of wealth partake of the character of physical truths. There is nothing optional or arbitrary in them.
Сторінка 279 - Mr. Ricardo had deduced a priori from the understanding itself laws which first gave a ray of light into the unwieldy chaos of materials, and had constructed what had been but a collection of tentative discussions into a science of regular proportions, now first standing on an eternal basis.
Сторінка 42 - The distribution of wealth, therefore, depends on the laws and customs of society. The rules by which it is determined, are what the opinions and feelings of the ruling portion of the community make them, and are very different in different ages and countries; and might be still more different, if mankind so chose.
Сторінка 113 - It makes entire abstraction of every other human passion or motive; except those which may be regarded as perpetually antagonizing principles to the desire of wealth, namely, aversion to labour, and desire of the present enjoyment of costly indulgences.
Сторінка 136 - ... the proximate cause of every state of society is the state of society immediately preceding it. The fundamental problem, therefore, of the social science, is to find the laws according to which any state of society produces the state which succeeds it and takes its place.
Сторінка 71 - But those exertions of the natural liberty of a few individuals, which might endanger the security of the whole society, are, and ought to be, restrained by the laws of all governments ; of the most free, as well as of the most despotical.
Сторінка 268 - ... the most reckless and treacherous of all theorists is he who professes to let facts and figures speak for themselves, who keeps in the back-ground the part he has played, perhaps unconsciously, in selecting and grouping them, and in suggesting the argument post hoc ergo propter hoc.
Сторінка 113 - The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth, in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object.
Сторінка 34 - As the terms are here used, a positive science may be defined as a body of systematized knowledge concerning what is; a normative or regulative science as a body of systematized knowledge relating to criteria of what ought to be, and concerned therefore with the ideal as distinguished from the actual; an an as a system of rules for the attainment of a given end.
Сторінка 70 - ... the duty of erecting and maintaining certain public works and certain public institutions, which it can never be for the interest of any individual, or small number of individuals, to erect and maintain ; because the profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, though it may frequently do much more than repay it to a great society.