to give Hooke 107. a year for the use of his rooms; which sum he received to the period of his decease.

In a scarce volume, entitled, Extracts from the Records of the City of London, with other documents respecting the Royal Exchange and the Gresham Trusts, it appears that a Sub-committee of the Joint Gresham Committee was appointed in 1697, "to enquire into the manner in which the Professors' lodgings were used and occupied;" when it was found that the majority, instead of living in their rooms, as was intended by Sir T. Gresham, had let them to

other parties. "The Physick lodgings," says the Report, "have been let by Dr. Woodward and his predecessor to one Mr. Styles, a merchant, for ten years or more; and the said Mr. Styles, his two nieces and two servants, are now in the said lodgings, and Dr. Woodward has converted his kitchen into lodging rooms for his own use, but he seldom lodges in the College"."

During the period that the Earl of Carbery occupied the chair, a great number of valuable inventions. were brought forward, and experiments made by Hooke, Halley, and Papin. The latter frequently exhibited his Pneumatic Tube, which propelled a leaden ball of two ounces with considerable force. An account of this instrument will be found in the 16th Volume of the Transactions, under the title Shooting by the Rarefaction of the Air. Several pendulum and magnetical experiments were made; and a large telescope was erected in the quadrangle of the College, which was much used by Hooke.

Dr. Sloane frequently sent communications to the

22 P. 123.

Society on botanical subjects, accompanied by specimens of the plants 23. In 1688, a very interesting set of maps was laid before the Society by Dr. Cox, showing the lakes in North America, which had been surveyed for the first time by Englishmen, who, as was said, strongly recommended the immediate establishment of hunting and trading companies, which, they were certain, would reap immediate and great profit, as the quantity of beavers and other animals, that they had seen, was immense. A Committee was specially appointed to take this subject into consideration.

At the Anniversary in 1689, the Earl of Carbery retired from the chair, and the Earl of Pembroke was chosen President.

23 At one of the Meetings he exhibited "Irish sea-weed called Dulesk, which he stated the Irish who were afflicted by scurvy were in the habit of chewing."

CHAPTER XII.

Memoir of Lord Pembroke-Anxiety to continue the Transactions-Evelyn again solicited to become President-Declines -Election of Sir R. Southwell-Memoir of him-Advertisement to Transactions-Uninterrupted publication since 1691— Death of Boyle-Eulogium on him-Leaves his Minerals to Society-His great respect for the Society-He deposits sealed packets-Huyghens's Aërial Telescope-glasses-Sir R. Southwell retires from the Chair-Charles Montague elected— Memoir of him-Dr. Woodward's Geological Works-His Scientific Labours in the Society-Accused of insulting Sir Hans Sloane-Expelled the Council-Institutes legal proceedings-Is defeated-Resignation of Mr. Montague-Election of Lord Somers as President.

1685-1700.

THOMAS, eighth Earl of Pembroke, and fifth of Montgomery, succeeded his only brother Philip, who died without male issue, in 1683. He enjoyed the honours of the family for nearly fifty years, and held various high offices in the State, being appointed President of the Council; in 1708 Lord High Admiral; and, on the demise of Queen Anne, one of the Lord's Justices, until the arrival of George I. from Hanover, at whose coronation he carried the sword called Courtana. He was also a Knight of the Garter. He was more devoted to the arts and archæological pursuits than to natural science. He formed the celebrated cabinet of Coins and Medals, and collected the Marbles at Wilton. Both in his political character, and relation to the intellectual progress of the country, he was one of the most eminent and valuable persons of his age, and a distinguished member of the house of Herbert, to whom literature, from its dawn

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in England, owes so many obligations. Lord Pembroke was three times married: in 1684 to Margaret, only daughter and heir of Sir Robert Sawyer, of High Cleer in the county of Southampton, Attorney-General in the time of Charles II. By this lady he had twelve children. His second wife was Barbara, daughter of Sir Thomas Slingsby of Scriven, Yorkshire, by whom he had one daughter; and his third, Mary, sister of Viscount Howe. He was elected a Fellow of the Society May 13, 1685, chosen into the Council February 16, 1686-7, and appointed a Vice-President April 13, 1687. He seldom attended the Meetings, but made communications on mechanical subjects to the Society, which created considerable interest. He died on the 22nd January, 1732-3. The present Earl of Pembroke and Caernarvon is lineally descended from this nobleman.

That Lord Pembroke gave little attention to the Society is fairly deducible from the fact, that his name does not appear as presiding, on any one occasion, at the Council or ordinary Meetings. His place was generally occupied by Sir John Hoskyns, one of the Vice-Presidents, or by Sir Cyril Wyche. The most important event in 1689 is the effort made to republish the Transactions, which were frequently asked for by the public. At a Meeting of the Council, on the 22nd October, 1690, it was "Ordered, that Mr. Hooke have the postage of all letters of Philosophical Correspondence allowed him, on condition that he publish Transactions, or Collections, as formerly, and that in consideration thereof the Society will take off 60 books." Hooke agreed to this proposition, but nothing further was done in the matter until Sir Robert Southwell became President.

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On the retirement of Lord Pembroke from office, a general wish once more prevailed to elect Evelyn to the chair. In his Diary he writes, that he was chosen President in the first instance, but desired to decline it, and with great difficulty devolv'd the election on Sir R. Southwell, Secretary of State to King William, in Ireland.”

Sir Robert Southwell was descended from a very ancient and distinguished family, who took their name from the town of Suelle, or Southwell, in Nottinghamshire, the chief place of their residence, from the reign of Henry III. to that of Henry VI. The descendants of the elder branch passed over to Kinsale in Ireland, which town was held by Sir Robert Southwell, as well as the estate of King's Weston, in Gloucestershire.

The subject of this memoir was born at Kinsale, in 1635. He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and afterwards entered at Lincoln's Inn. On the completion of his law studies he travelled on the Continent. On the 27th September, 1664, he was sworn one of the clerks of the Privy Council; and on the 20th November, 1665, received the honour of knighthood'. He was employed on several diplomatic missions: first as Envoy to mediate a peace between Spain and Portugal, in which he was successful. In 1672 he was sent as Envoy Extraordinary to Portugal, and afterwards, in the same capacity, to Flanders, and to the Elector of Brandenburg at Berlin, visiting the Prince of Orange on his way. After his return in 1681, he retired from public business to his seat at King's Weston. The accession of King William brought him again into the world. His Majesty ap