The Geological ObserverLongman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1853 - 740 стор. |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
accumulations acid action alumina amid animals appear ashes atmosphere beach beds beneath blocks bottom breakers British Islands calcareous carbonate carbonic acid cavities cinders clay cleavage cliffs coal coast considerable considered coral reefs Cornwall crater crystals decomposition deposits depth detritus district dry land earthquake effected elevated eruption estuary evidence exposed fathoms feet felspar fissures formed fragments geological glaciers granite ground hornblende igneous rocks inferred kind lakes lava lime limestone magnesia manner marine mass mechanical suspension Mendip Hills miles mineral matter mingled mode of occurrence modifications molluscs molten mountain noticed observer occur ocean old red sandstone oolitic organic remains pebbles portions present produced Professor quartz red sandstone regards regions respect rise river sand sea-bottom seen shells shores side silica Silurian Sir James Ross sometimes species specific gravity streams substances sufficient sulphuret surface temperature thrown tidal tide trachytic traversed various vegetable veins volcanic
Популярні уривки
Сторінка 333 - The bottom was covered with lava, and the south-west and northern parts of it were one vast flood of burning matter, in a state of terrific ebullition, rolling to and fro its " fiery surge
Сторінка 685 - THE METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS OF CORNWALL AND DEVON ; with Appendices on Subterranean Temperature ; the Electricity of Rocks and Veins ; the Quantities of Water in the Cornish Mines ; and Mining Statistics.
Сторінка 146 - Certain species in each are found in no other, several are found in one region which do not range into the next above, whilst they extend to that below, or vice versa. Certain species have their maximum of development in each zone, being most prolific in individuals in that zone in which is their maximum, and of which they may be regarded as especially characteristic. Mingled with the true natives of every zone are stragglers, owing their presence to the action of the secondary influences which modify...
Сторінка 616 - And again, through all this region, whatever be the contortions of the rocks, the planes of cleavage pass on generally without deviation, running in parallel lines from one end to the other, and inclining...
Сторінка 286 - ... of the dense enamel, the inference is plain that the ligneous fibre must have entered in a larger proportion into the food of such extinct species. Forests of hardy trees and shrubs still grow upon the frozen soil of Siberia, and skirt the banks of the Lena as far north as latitude 60°. In Europe arboreal vegetation extends ten degrees nearer the pole, and the dental organization of the Mammoth proves that it might have derived subsistence from the leafless branches of trees, in regions covered...
Сторінка 293 - Tigers as large again as the biggest Asiatic species lurked in the ancient thickets; elephants of nearly twice the bulk of the largest individuals that now exist in Africa or Ceylon roamed in herds ; at least two species of rhinoceros forced their way through the primaeval forest ; and the lakes and rivers were tenanted by hippopotami as bulky, and with as great tusks as those of Africa.
Сторінка 416 - There is every reason to consider it established, that an earthquake is simply " the transit of a wave or waves of elastic compression in any direction, from vertically upwards to horizontally in any azimuth, through the crust and surface of the earth, from any centre of impulse or from more than one, and which may be attended with sound and tidal waves, dependent upon the impulse and upon circumstances of position as to sea and land.
Сторінка 214 - A GLACIER is AN IMPERFECT FLUID, OR A VISCOUS BODY. WHICH IS URGED DOWN SLOPES OF A CERTAIN INCLINATION BY THE MUTUAL PRESSURE OF ITS PARTS.
Сторінка 286 - Elephant prefers, will not enable us to determine, or even to offer a probable conjecture concerning that of the extinct species." The molar teeth of the Elephant possess, as we have seen, a highly complicated, and a very peculiar structure, and there are no other quadrupeds that derive so great a proportion of their food from the woody fibre of the branches of trees. Many mammals browse the leaves ; some small rodents gnaw the bark ; the Elephants alone tear down and crunch the branches, the vertical...
Сторінка 289 - Megatheria of South America- the geological phenomena of that continent appear to negative the occurrence of such destructive changes. Our comparatively brief experience of the progress and duration of species within the historical period, is surely insufficient to justify, in every case of extinction, the verdict of violent death. With regard to many of the larger Mammalia, especially those which...