Pikes, Partizans, and hollow-headed Spears, time Henry VIII. In the glass case, are two White Bows of yew, recovered in 1841 from the wreck of the Mary Rose, sunk off Spithead, in 1545! An ancient English Arrow-head is in the same case.

On the wall between the windows, are Guisarmes, Glaives, Bills, Partizans, Spetums, &c. and an ancient Lamp with spear-head. By the middle window is a curious early weapon called a macecannon: two Hand-cannons with trunnions, times Edward IV. and Henry VII.; ancient Dutch Gun with inscription; Matchlock Gun, 15th cent. Matchlock Petronel, that formerly belonged to Henry VIII. with other articles in gunnery, various periods Circular Shield borne by the guard of Henry VIII. also a Cast from a French Shield, time of Francis I. Partizans, Pikes, &c.

On the window sill are French Powder-flasks, time Louis XIV. and below is a grated Target, with matchlock gun, time Edw. VI.

On the wall between the windows are ancient Long Pikes and Boar-spears (military weapons, similar to those used in the chase) they were in the Tower in the time of Edward VI.; Partizans, &c. Above is a Pavoise or archer's shield, adorned with a rude picture of the Crucifixion; formerly exhibited as the Consecrated Banner.

East window:-Pole-axe, time Eliz.; curious Partizans, &c. various periods; a "Great holly-water Sprincle, with three gonnes on the toppe," formerly shewn as Henry VIII.'s Walking-staff. Below are various kinds of Shot,-Box, Link, Chain, Star, &c. Over the entrance door is the model of a Norman Shield with iron Targets, &c. and in other parts of the room are placed numerous articles, needing no description from their similarity to others already noticed.

Outside the Horse Armory are placed two brass Mortars, taken from the French at Acre by Sir Sydney Smith; and on the east side of the central door-way is a large Stone Shot, supplied from the Maidstone quarries in the time of Henry VIII.

The visitor is now conducted to the Ruins of the Grand Storehouse: we have spoken before of the calamity by which this desolation was effected: let us now glance at the buildings before us.

Upon the left of the ruins, is the church of St. Peter ad Vincula. This building was erected in the time of Edward I.; but a church or chapel dedicated to the same saint and connected with the Tower, existed before that period. Here, in common dust repose the persecuted and the persecutor-the victims of ambition, tyranny, and conscience: here were placed the remains of Fisher, More, Queen Anne Boleyn and her brother, Lord Rochford, Catherine Howard; also Margaret, Countess of Salisbury; Cromwell and Devereux, Earls of Essex; the good Protector, Edward, Duke of Somerset; Lady Jane Grey and her husband;

the intriguing Duke of Northumberland, with a long train of those who bled on the fatal Green in front, or on the adjoining Hill: here are placed the ashes of those who in life experienced the extremes of grandeur and of misery-the glory and the shame of former ages.

Opposite the Church, and in the south-west angle of the inner enclosure, are the Lieutenant's Lodgings, occupied by the resident governor. This building is of the time of Henry VIII. and remarkable for a room called the Council Chamber, where the conspirators concerned in the Gunpowder Plot were examined: the event is commemorated in Hebrew and Latin inscriptions on differently coloured marbles, placed against the right-hand wall. Immediately behind this building is the Bell Tower, which we have before noticed as the prison of Bishop Fisher, &c.

Between the Lieutenant's Lodgings and the Church, stands the Beauchamp or Cobham Tower. This building consist of two stories, ascended by a circular stone staircase: it is supposed to have been erected in the reigns of John and Henry III. and has been used as the principal state-prison of this fortress. Its walls are crowded with memorials of those who sorrowed and suffered in the Tower:* here are the deep and lasting autographs of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick; Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel; Charles Bailly, agent of Mary of Scotland; the Pooles, great grandsons of George, Duke of Clarence, (Edward IV.'s brother); under the inscription of Edmund Poole is the word IANE, commonly ascribed to the hand of Lady Jane Grey, but Mr. Bayley attributes it to that of her affectionate husband: here are the names of Thomas Fitzgerald, 1534; Sedbar, Abbot of Joreval, 1537; Dr. Abel, chaplain to Catherine of Arragon; Thomas Cobham, son of Lord Cobham, 1555; Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, (Elizabeth's favorite); Sir Ingram Percy, and many others;whose names are occasionally coupled with devout maxims, coats of arms, &c. many of these inscriptions are beautifully carved and elaborately ornamented-a striking illustration of the energy with which the mind enters into a self-allotted task, during the denials of solitude and imprisonment. The upper part of this tower, has been pointed out as the prison of Queen Ann Boleyn, but that supposition has been proved to be erroneous.

To the north of the Beauchamp Tower stands the Devereux Tower. In Henry VIII.'s time it was called "Robyn the Devyll's

* This portion of the fortress was in the year 1796, converted into a mess-house for the officers of the garrison, and has ever since been appropriated to that use. It was whilst making alterations necessary for the above purpose, that these interesting memorials were discovered. The Beauchamp Tower is not open to the public, but only to be visited by permission.

Tower," and in 1597, the Develin Tower: the origin of its two latter names is unknown.* It takes its present name from Devereux, earl of Essex in Elizabeth's time, having been confined there

Eastward are the remains of the Flint, the Bowyer, and the Brick Towers: the last is supposed to have been the prison of Lady Jane Grey: the Bowyer Tower took its name from having been anciently occupied by the master and provider of the king's bows, and is reputed to have been the scene of Clarence's murder by drowning in a malmsey-butt: in this Tower it was that the recent fire originated.

The Martin Tower (at the north-east angle) was formerly a prison-lodging: in this dark and dismal dungeon were afterwards deposited the crown jewels: but a more commodious and appropriate building has since been erected for their reception.

The Broad Arrow and Salt Towers are on the eastern side of the White Tower: both were chiefly used as prisons, and many inscriptions in them have been nearly obliterated; but a very curious carving has been preserved in the Salt Tower, representing a sphere covered with astrological characters, the work of "Hew: Draper: of: Brystow," an unfortunate conjuror, committed in Elizabeth's reign (1561).

The WHITE TOWER, standing nearly in the centre of the inner ward, is a massive quadrangular building, measuring 116 feet from north to south, and 96 ft. east and west; its height is 92 ft. It is divided into three floors, exclusive of capacious vaults. A portion of the ground-floor is occupied (as we have before observed) by the collection known as Queen Elizabeth's Armory: on the second floor, immediately over the Armory, is St. John's Chapel, generally admitted to be one of the finest specimens of Norman architecture extant: this chapel was the private place of worship of our ancient kings when they held their courts in the Tower of London; but its occupation for devotional purposes has long been discontinued, and it is now used as a depository for a portion of the national records. On the upper floor, which is also appropriated to a similar purpose, is an apartment called the Council Chamber; supposed to be the room in which a scene

* Although it is well known that the Tower abounded with chambers especially set apart for the purposes of torture, yet conjecture only can be used in regard to their locality: but it is not at all improbable, that the ancient names attached to this building may be connected, with the dreadful uses to which it was formerly appropriated. Tradition speaks of a dungeon which, from its connection with the river, was at high water the haunt of innumerable rats. The wretched captive, let down into this "horrible pit," became an object for attack, and was literally devoured alive by these noxious vermin, rendered ferocious by hunger, and boid from an instinctive perception of the wretched victim's helplessness. May not the subterranean dungeon of the Devil's Tower have been the scene of such infernal sacrifices? The heart sickens at the bare idea of such cruelty from man to man.

took place that will long excite interest-for Shakspeare has assisted the page of history in recording it to posterity; we allude to the impeachment of Lord Hastings by the Protector, Richard Duke of Glocester, with the arrest of the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Ely, and Lord Stanley: the unhappy Hastings was immediately conducted to the Court-yard, and beheaded on a piece of timber that was lying in front of the chapel.

The ORDNANCE OFFICE stands to the south of the White Tower: it is a large modern building, erected on the scite of one destroyed by fire in 1788. To this office, all other offices for the supply of artillery, arms, ammunition, and other warlike stores, are accountable; to and from which office, all orders are issued for materials of war required by the government.-Here stood the royal residence-scene of those splendours which occasionally relieved the frowning character of this fortress-the palace to which all our monarchs, from William Rufus to Charles II. at times resorted. Observe that dark patch of ground, opposite the chapel-there the scaffold held its place, forming, through the dreadful operations connected with it, so prominent a feature in the annals of the Tower of London.

Having viewed the Ruins of the Grand Storehouse, and those articles which have been preserved, the visitor (if desirous) is conducted to

THE REGALIA,

of which the Tower has been the depository since the reign of Henry III. These jewels were originally kept in a small building on the south side of the White Tower; but in Charles I.'s reign were transferred to a strong room in the Martin Tower, where they remained until the recent fire, when they were removed for security to the Governor's House: they are now placed in the New Jewel-House erected in 1840-1; a depository much better suited to public convenience, and more in character with the importance of its contents. Several of our ancient monarchs have been compelled by their exigencies to raise money by pledging the crown jewels: to such means were Henry III. Edward III. Richard II. Henry V. and Henry VI. driven. We will now proceed to notice the costly articles here submitted to inspection.

The ancient Imperial Crown was made for Charles II. to re place the one said to have been worn by Edward the Confessor, which was broken up and sold during the civil wars. Its arches, flowers, and fillets, are covered with large jewels of every colour, surrounding a cap of purple velvet, faced with ermine.

The Prince of Wales's Crown is of plain gold, without any jewels. When there is a heir apparent to the throne, it is placed

before his seat in the House of Lords, on a velvet cushion. The Ancient Queen's Crown is of gold, set with diamonds of great value, intermixed with pearls and other costly jewels: the cap is of purple velvet, faced with ermine.

The Queen's Diadem, or Circlet of Gold, was made for the consort of James II. It is adorned with large diamonds, curiously set; the upper edge of the border is banded with a string of pearls. It has been estimated to have cost £111,000.

Saint Edward's Staff is of pure gold, 4 feet 7 inches in length, and three quarters of an inch in diameter: on the top is an orb and a cross, and shod with a steel spike: a fragment of the real cross is said to be deposited in the orb.

The Royal Sceptre with the Cross is also of gold, and 2 feet 9 inches in length. The the staff is plain, but the pommel is ornamented with rubies, emeralds, and diamonds. This sceptre is adorned with golden leaves, bearing the rose, the shamrock, and thistle: the cross, covered with jewels of various kinds, has in the centre a large table diamond.

The Royal Sceptre with the Dove or Rod of Equity. The cross whereon this symbol of peace reposes is, together with the centre and pommel, richly covered with jewels; the sceptre itself is of gold, and 3 feet 7 inches in length.

The Queen's Sceptre with the Cross is somewhat smaller than the above; of beautiful workmanship and richly ornamented with precious stones.

The Queen's Ivory Sceptre belonged to the consort of James IJ. is mounted in gold, and bears on the top a dove of white onyx. An ancient Sceptre discovered behind the wainscoting of the old Jewel-office in 1814. It is finely wrought, and richly decorated with precious stones, and is supposed to have been made for the consort of William III.

The Orb is about six inches in diameter, edged with pearls and ornamented with precious stones, and surrounded by roses of diamonds. This orb is placed in the sovereign's left hand on the coronation ceremony.

The Queen's Orb is of smaller dimensions than the preceding, but composed of the same splendid materials and ornaments. The Swords of Justice, ecclesiastical and temporal; these wea pons are of steel, ornamented with gold

The Sword of Mercy; also of steel, gilt, but pointless.

The Armilla, or Coronation Bracelets, are of gold, and chased with the rose, the fleur-de-lys, and harp, edged with pearls. The Royal Spurs, used in the coronation ceremony, curiously wrought in gold.

The Ampullæ or Golden Eagle; this vessel is of pure gold,