The stall sink is shown in detail in Fig. 216, and is of cast iron, with a 2-inch outlet. The location of this drainage sink in the stall is shown in Fig. 217. For box stalls a similarly constructed square sink is used, a plan of which is given in Fig. 218.

The connections for the two stall sinks of Fig. 215 are preferable to the connections of Fig. 214. In the first place, while the outlet of the sink in Fig. 214 is connected directly into the trap, thus depriving the trap of its cleanouts, the connections as made in Fig. 215 will allow the use of two cleanouts on the trap and a third cleanout in the end of the horizontal line of waste. In

Stall Sink

Trap Door

FIG. 217.-Plan of Horse Stall, Showing Sink.

order to allow two trap cleanouts to be used, the vent is connected to a tee placed next to the trap.

It is not desirable to allow one trap to serve more than two stalls, for the reason that under such conditions a long line of foul waste pipe will throw its odors out into the stable through the different stall outlets.

Floor drainage is another important feature in the plumbing of stables.

In another chapter will be found the subject of floor and yard drains. Such drains would be required in the carriage wash room, in the harness wash room, in the stable, etc. In Fig. 219 is shown an excellent form of construction for such drains. It is known

as the F. D. C. drain. The drain is of the ordinary bell cesspool type, but cast with a broad flange, 30 inches in diameter. The drain is set in hot asphalt, which appears in Fig. 219 as the dotted section surrounding the cesspool and flange. The asphalt is waterproof, and its use does away entirely with leakage down the waste pipe, a nuisance often encountered in this work. In Fig. 220 are shown the connections for a horse trough, another necessary feature in stable plumbing. The horse trough should be provided with a standing overflow, in order to prevent the overflow of water onto the stable floor.

Vert

Stording
Orerflor

FIG. 220.-Connections for the Horse Trough.

In Fig. 221, the several connections of stable fixtures which have already been shown in detail, are assembled in one illustration, which shows the plumbing for a stable occupying two floors. In large city stables several floors are often used.

In addition to the fixtures and connections shown, most wellequipped stables are provided with toilet arrangements, with bath and toilet for hostlers, etc.

Whenever such plumbing is installed in a stable, it should be put in under the same restrictions and regulations as if the same work were to be installed in a residence.

FIG. 221. The Plumbing of a Stable.

CHAPTER XX

MODERN METHODS AND DEVICES IN COUNTRY

PLUMBING

HIGH-GRADE Country plumbing is at the present day a far different matter than it was years ago, both as regards methods employed and apparatus used.

One of the greatest steps in advance for plumbing systems which cannot discharge their sewage into a public sewage system, is to be found in the adoption of the septic tank and automatic sewage siphon, as shown in Fig. 222.

Briefly, the septic tank comprises several chambers, including the inlet or grit chamber, one or more settling chambers, and the discharge chamber, in which the automatic sewage siphon is located.

These chambers should be air-tight and light-tight. The septic action depends upon a certain class of bacteria which exist in sewage, and act upon it in the several chambers in such a manner as to reduce in a short time all vegetable and animal matter to liquid form.

This action renders the sewage purer in each successive chamber, until the discharge chamber is reached, when it has been sufficiently freed of all solid matter, to be forced by the automatic sewage siphon out into the underground system, for final disposal into the soil. The automatic sewage siphon acts only when the sewage has risen to a certain height in the discharge chamber.

One of the greatest objections to the use of the septic tank, especially for residences, is that considerable expense is attached. to its construction. With the idea of obviating this feature, there has been placed on the market, siphoning apparatus and necessary fittings for use in connection with large sizes of glazed sewer pipe and fittings used to form the several chambers of the septic tank, as shown in Fig. 223. Twenty-four-inch pipe and fittings are gen