these several illustrations are only a very few of the endless number of such fittings now on the market. Each one of them may be obtained with various modifications in design, until there is hardly a plumbing condition that is not perfectly covered by some one or more of these special fittings.

There is another class of fittings which have appeared only within a comparatively short time, which also are excellent in their way. We refer to the various cast-iron closet bends with their various handy features. In Figs. 180 and 181 two types of these fittings are shown. There are various other fittings of similar character, each one of them capable of being cast in a number of different modified forms, so that this class of fitting also, is capable of handling a great variety of working conditions. An especially clever fitting is to be seen in Fig. 182. This fitting is for use when a group of water-closets is to be installed in the center of the toilet room, away from any wall or partition. When it is considered what an amount of work, joints and fittings it would require to serve eight water-closets if put in under these conditions with ordinary fittings, the value of this fitting is seen. In fact, the work could not often be done if common fittings were to be used.

It is true also of many of the other special fittings, that by means of them work can sometimes be installed which could not possibly be installed with common fittings.

The description and illustration of these fittings give but a faint conception of the great number that are to be found on the market, but they will serve to show what great advantages come from their use, as indicated earlier in this chapter, and to indicate also the great saving in labor that they effect.

CHAPTER XVIII

PLUMBING FOR RESIDENCES, DWELLINGS, ETC.

THE subject of residence plumbing is one of the important branches of plumbing construction, quite different in many respects from such lines of work as the plumbing for public buildings, factories, etc., and indeed more or less different in many of its details, from the plumbing of apartment buildings.

The residence bath room especially, is a distinct feature in plumbing construction, upon which almost any amount of expense

FIG. 183.-Connections for Bath Room. Separate Entrance into Stack for Each Fixture.

may be lavished, and in the appointments of which much taste may be displayed.

In Fig. 183 is shown an arrangement for the waste connections of the bath room, which is a good one, inasmuch as it provides a separate waste entrance into the stack for each of the fixtures. In addition to the three ordinary bath-room fixtures, there are several others which may often be found in the more extensive residences.

Among these are the sitz bath and foot bath, illustrations of which are given in Figs. 184 and 185. Their connections are very similar to those of the bath tub.

The child's pedestal bath, and the bidet are fixtures now used to some extent in residence bath rooms.

A fixture which adds much to the comforts of the bath room, is the shower bath. While the public shower bath is generally quite a costly and complicated affair, the residence shower bath commonly used, is simple and easy to install.

The connections for the fixture, which is known as a receptor, are shown in Fig. 186.

The slop sink, the connections for which appear in Fig. 187, and the pantry sink, as shown in Fig. 188, are necessary to the complete equipment of the modern residence.

A method of connecting laundry tubs is shown in Fig. 189, the only objection to this method being the fact that with the trap at the end of the line of tubs, it leaves a considerable length of exposed waste, to throw out odors through the waste openings of the several tubs. The laundry tubs are sometimes located in the kitchen, particularly in the case of flats and apartment houses, in which case the connections of Fig. 190 are good,

This allows both kitchen sink and laundry tubs to secure separate waste entrance into the drainage system.

FIG. 186.-Connections for Shower Bath.

These two fixtures should never be connected into one trap, a practice which is often followed, but which is to be condemned under all conditions.

The connection of the refrigerator is also an important matter, inasmuch as the contamination of food through unsanitary connections is necessarily a source of great danger to the health of the inmates.

Mein Stack

Slangard

Скалои

Main Vent

FIG. 187.-Connections for Slop Sink. FIG. 188.-Connections for Pantry Sink.

Fig. 191 shows an entirely wrong method of connection for the refrigerator, but nevertheless, this and other similarly unsanitary connections are often made.

FIG. 189.-Connections for Laundry Tubs.

The proper method may be seen in Fig. 192. The drip pan

should be trapped, and dripped into a drip sink which should be connected to the drainage system in the same manner as any