The present position of economics, an inaugural lecture1885 |
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Сторінка 18
... reasoning . § 7. Among the bad results of the narrowness of the work of English economists early in the cen- tury perhaps the most unfortunate was the oppor- tunity which it gave to sciolists to quote and misapply economic dogmas ...
... reasoning . § 7. Among the bad results of the narrowness of the work of English economists early in the cen- tury perhaps the most unfortunate was the oppor- tunity which it gave to sciolists to quote and misapply economic dogmas ...
Сторінка 22
... reasoning about those motives of human action which are measurable . In the world in which we live , money as representing general purchasing power , is so much the best measure of motives that no other can compete with it . But this is ...
... reasoning about those motives of human action which are measurable . In the world in which we live , money as representing general purchasing power , is so much the best measure of motives that no other can compete with it . But this is ...
Сторінка 25
... reasoning ; I do not assign any universality to economic dogmas . For the theory , which is the only part of economic doctrine that has any claim to universality has no dogmas . It is not a body of concrete truth , but an engine for the ...
... reasoning ; I do not assign any universality to economic dogmas . For the theory , which is the only part of economic doctrine that has any claim to universality has no dogmas . It is not a body of concrete truth , but an engine for the ...
Сторінка 26
... reasoning . This is exactly the mistake which seems to me to have been made by the extreme wing of the " real " or his- torical school of German economists . But to this point I shall return . § 11. Ultimately part of this organon will ...
... reasoning . This is exactly the mistake which seems to me to have been made by the extreme wing of the " real " or his- torical school of German economists . But to this point I shall return . § 11. Ultimately part of this organon will ...
Сторінка 28
... reasoning , because though unselfish it is measurable . Again if with Cliffe Leslie2 we analyse all the infinite variety of motives that are commonly grouped together under the term " love of money , " we see that they are of all kinds ...
... reasoning , because though unselfish it is measurable . Again if with Cliffe Leslie2 we analyse all the infinite variety of motives that are commonly grouped together under the term " love of money , " we see that they are of all kinds ...
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The Present Position of Economics, an Inaugural Lecture Alfred Marshall Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2010 |
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Сторінка 57 - I may, to increase the numbers of those whom Cambridge, the great mother of strong men,2 sends out into the world with cool heads but warm hearts, willing to give some at least of their best powers to grappling with the social suffering around them ; resolved not to rest content till they have done what in them lies to discover how far it is possible to open up to all the material...
Сторінка 56 - Why should it be left for impetuous socialists and ignorant orators to cry aloud that none ought to be shut out by want of material means from the opportunity of leading a life that is worthy of man?
Сторінка 31 - Lastly, taking account of the fact that the same sum of money measures a greater pleasure for the poor than for the rich, it helps in determining the relations between the money gain that a nation gets from any given social or industrial change and the total increase of happiness arising from it. This task most properly belongs to the economic organon, though it has been much neglected by economists till recently.
Сторінка 16 - They therefore attributed to the forces of supply and demand a much more mechanical and regular action than is to be found in real life: and they laid down laws with regard to profits and wages that did not really hold even for England in their own time.
Сторінка 29 - ... we see that they are of all kinds. They include many of the highest, the most refined, and the most unselfish elements in our nature." Of course, Marshall admitted that egoism was an important spring of action; but there are other motives, he held, that must equally be acknow-ledged: above all "hot impulses" and "combative instincts
Сторінка 13 - The change that has been made in the point of view of Economics by the present generation is due to the discovery that man himself is in a great measure a creature of circumstances and changes with them. The chief fault in English economists at the beginning of the century was not that they ignored history and statistics, but that they regarded man as so to speak a constant quantity, and gave themselves little trouble to study his variations. They therefore attributed to the...
Сторінка 16 - It caused them to regard labour simply as a commodity without throwing themselves into the point of view of the workman ; without allowing for his human passions, his instincts and habits, his sympathies and antipathies, his class jealousies and class adhesiveness, his want of knowledge and of the opportunities for free and vigorous action.
Сторінка 16 - In particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast improvement in the condition of the working classes.
Сторінка 44 - ... the most reckless and treacherous of all theorists is he who professes to let facts and figures speak for themselves, who keeps in the background the part he has played, perhaps unconsciously, in selecting and grouping them, and in suggesting the argument, post hoc ergo propter hoc.
Сторінка 19 - Ricardo and his chief followers did not make clear to others, it was not even quite clear to themselves, that what they were building up was not universal truth, but machinery of universal application in the discovery of a certain class of truths.